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SciTech Meditation And Brain Structure

Oct 21, 2009
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895
India
Study Shows Meditation Changes Brain Structure in Just 8 Week

This is the first research to document meditation-produced changes in the brain.
Previous research has identified differences in brain activity and structure between practised meditators and non-meditators.
Researchers noted that long-term meditation alters brain-wave patterns, with greater activity in brain circuits involved in attention. They also found that brain regions associated with attention and sensory processing were thicker in meditators than in controls. The question was whether people with a thicker brain cortex in areas associated with awareness and sensory processing were more likely to meditate.
The current study is the first to document that these structural changes are in fact produced by meditation. "This study demonstrates that changes in brain structure may underlie some of these reported improvements and that people are not just feeling better because they are spending time relaxing," said study author Sara Lazar, PhD, of the MGH Psychiatric Neuroimaging Research Program
During the study MR images of participants' brain structure were taken two weeks prior to and immediately following an eight week mindfulness based stress reduction programme. MR brain images were also taken of a control group over a similar time interval.
The meditation course consisted of weekly meetings including guided meditation and audio meditations to do at home on a daily basis. Analysis of MR images found increased grey-matter density in the hippocampus, known to be important for learning and memory, and in structures associated with self-awareness, compassion and introspection. Participant-reported reductions in stress also were correlated with decreased grey-matter density in the amygdala, which is known to play an important role in anxiety and stress.
"It is fascinating to see the brain's plasticity and that, by practicing meditation, we can play an active role in changing the brain and can increase our well-being and quality of life." says Britta Hölzel, PhD, first author of the paper1 and a research fellow at MGH and Giessen University in Germany.
The research will be published in the January 30 issue of Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
Further health benefits of meditation
Several studies designed specifically to understand the beneficial effects of meditation have shown that meditation helps to prevent heart disease, reduce pain, reduce blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, decrease anxiety and help manage asthma2.
Meditation has been shown to increase alpha waves (relaxed brain waves) and decrease production of the stress hormone cortisol. It appears that some of the positive physical changes associated with meditation have their roots in stress management.
Conditions benefitted by meditation
Pain: There is a body of research work indicating that meditation can reduce chronic pain3. One notable study conducted at the Texas Tech University found that meditation in conjunction with traditional medicine enhances the effectiveness of western medical treatment. In another study published in the Journal of Behavioural Medicine, patients suffering from backache, chronic migraine and tension headaches were able to significantly reduce pain medication4. Another study found that people who meditate regularly find pain less unpleasant.5
HIV: There is emerging evidence from other studies that shows that meditation and behavioral stress-management programs can buffer HIV declines in HIV-positive people6
High Cholesterol: In two prospective, random assignment studies, meditation reduced total cholesterol over a relatively short period (three months)7 as well as a long period (11 months)8.
Anxiety and Depression: Since the early sixties, scientists have speculated that meditation improves mental functioning. Meditation decreases oxygen consumption, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure, and increases the intensity of alpha, theta, and delta brain waves, the opposite of the physiological changes that occur during the stress response.
Diabetes: Meditation also aids in controlling blood sugar levels. Researchers at the University of Virginia have shown that following meditation, reduced stress levels correlate with a decrease in blood glucose levels.9
Hypertension: Besides its role as a stress buster, meditation also reduces blood pressure10 and contributes to the overall reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease.
Meditation is more that just a way for us to get in touch with ourselves and calm a busy mind. It appears that meditation has a direct effect on the physical body, brain activity and underlying brain structure. So what are you waiting for? See:Benefits of Meditation and How to Get Started
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References:
1. Britta K. Hölzel, James Carmody, Mark Vangel, Christina Congleton, Sita M. Yerramsetti, Tim Gard, Sara W. Lazar. Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 2011; 191 (1): 36 DOI:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.08.006
2. Wilson AF, Honsberger R, Chiu JT, Novey HS. Transcendental meditation and asthma.Respiration. 1975;32(1):74-80.
3. University of North Carolina at Charlotte (2009, November 10). Brief Training In Meditation May Help Manage Pain, Study Shows. ScienceDaily.
4. Jon Kabat-Zinn, Leslie Lipworth and Robert Burney. The clinical use of mindfulness meditation for the self-regulation of chronic pain. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. Volume 8, Number 2, 163-190, DOI: 10.1007/BF00845519
5. Christopher A. Brown, Anthony K.P. Jones. Meditation experience predicts less negative appraisal of pain: Electrophysiological evidence for the involvement of anticipatory neural responses. Pain, 2010; DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.04.017
6. University of California, Los Angeles (2008, July 27). Mindfulness Meditation Slows Progression Of HIV, Study Suggests. ScienceDaily.
7. De Armond, DL. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Psychological, Physiological, Behavioral and Organizational Consequences of Stress in Managers and Executives. Fairfield, Iowa: Management, Maharishi University of Management; 1996. dissertation
8. Cooper MJ, Aygen MM. Transcendental Meditation in the management of hypercholesterolemia. J Hum Stress 1979;5:24–27.
9. Steven Rosenzweig, MD; Diane K. Reibel et al. Mindfulness-based stress reduction is associated with improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study.
10. Alvin p. Shapiro, M.D. Gary E. Schwartz, Ph.D. Behavioral Methods in the Treatment of Hypertension. Annals of Internal Medicine

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aristotle

SPNer
May 10, 2010
1,156
2,653
Ancient Greece
Meditation has a positive physiological effect on diseased as well as non diseased subjects, there is a consensus among the physicians on this thing. However, the extent of benefit can still be debated. Peer reviewed studies have corroborated that meditation can be helpful in Hypertension and Stress-related disorders, but proper medication is necessary, meditation by itself cannot cure such conditions.

Then there are tall claims of meditation enthusiasts of its usefulness in serious conditions like HIV, Cancer etc. We have to be aware that everything which is published in newspapers, magazines, online free journals may not be factually correct. Take the example of this particular article, the author claims use of meditation in HIV but gives reference of a simple magazine article, not a journal or a peer-reviewed study. That is the trick to sell meditation as a cure-all (which it isn't).

There is no substitute to proper medical therapy; meditation can give you a positive outlook to life and relieve stress(to a certain extent, only if it is non-pathological), but there is nothing such as a miraculous cure, enduring medical therapy is always the best bet. DON'T take chances with your health.
 
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