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Guru Granth Sahib
Composition, Arrangement & Layout
ਜਪੁ | Jup
ਸੋ ਦਰੁ | So Dar
ਸੋਹਿਲਾ | Sohilaa
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
Ashtpadiyan (53-71)
Gurbani (71-74)
Pahre (74-78)
Chhant (78-81)
Vanjara (81-82)
Vaar Siri Raag (83-91)
Bhagat Bani (91-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
Gurbani (94-109)
Ashtpadi (109)
Ashtpadiyan (110-129)
Ashtpadi (129-130)
Ashtpadiyan (130-133)
Bara Maha (133-136)
Din Raen (136-137)
Vaar Maajh Ki (137-150)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
Ashtpadiyan (220-234)
Karhalei (234-235)
Ashtpadiyan (235-242)
Chhant (242-249)
Baavan Akhari (250-262)
Sukhmani (262-296)
Thittee (296-300)
Gauree kii Vaar (300-323)
Gurbani (323-330)
Ashtpadiyan (330-340)
Baavan Akhari (340-343)
Thintteen (343-344)
Vaar Kabir (344-345)
Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
Aasaavaree (409-411)
Ashtpadiyan (411-432)
Patee (432-435)
Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
Bhagat Bani (475-488)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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Punjabi ਭਾਰਤ-ਚੀਨ ਵਿਚਾਲੇ ਬਦਲੇ ਸਬੰਧਾਂ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਭਾਰਤ ਦੀ ਸੰਭਾਵੀ ਭਵਿਖ ਨੀਤੀ
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<blockquote data-quote="dalvinder45" data-source="post: 224460" data-attributes="member: 26009"><p><strong>Rafale purchased by India versus J-20 produced by China</strong></p><p></p><p></p><p>India has bought Rafale from France; Pakistan is weighing purchase of J-20 from China. When China sells something, the buyer is lured into their types of hardware (aircraft, in this case). All other factors being constant, the buyer is very likely to stick to the same supplier. Upgrade versions will not be as challenging to learn as a totally new aircraft. Third, suppliers like the USA can be very fickle because Pakistan-USA relationship is fickle. In contrast, Pakistan-China relationship will stay constant for a long time to come.</p><p></p><p>China’s latest on the shelf is the J-20; their most advanced fighter aircraft. Is it China’s answer to the Rafale. </p><p></p><p><img src="https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-fc42297f6ada229ccf63d91afd886670-pjlq" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p>The Dassault Rafale: French twin-engine, canard delta wing, multi-role fighter aircraft and considered to be in the 4.5 generation category.</p><p></p><p><img src="https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-5e43de4736713d641a7af0890132e680-lq" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p>The J-20 Chengdu: is a single-seat, twin-jet, all-weather, stealth, 5th generation fighter aircraft developed by China’s Chengdu Aerospace Corporation.</p><p></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">J-20 has an edge in max speed and service ceiling</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">J-20 has better payload capacity (16.6t vs 14.2 t)</li> </ul><p>Both fighter plane use an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA), considered one of the most advanced radar technologies in the world.</p><p></p><p>Rafale carries its electronic warfare suite called SPECTRA, said to cost 30% of the cost of the plane itself. SPECTRA protects the aircraft against airborne and ground threats. Various methods of detection, jamming, decoying and a highly re-programmable system capable of analyzing threats better, makes it extremely difficult to detect and shoot down a Rafale.</p><p></p><p>The J-20’s AESA radar comes with a chin-mounted infrared/electro-optic search and track sensor. The Chinese claim that a passive electro-optical detection system in the J-20 gives its pilot 360-degree coverage of the battlefield. The plane is said to be capable of accessing real-time data from Chinese military satellites.</p><p></p><p>Both are capable of air-to-air combat, ground support, in-depth strike, anti-ship strike and nuclear deterrence missions. They come with an array of weapons.</p><p></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">India’s version of Rafale carries SCALP (a ground attack precision weapon) and Meteor (a Beyond Visual Range air-to-air missile).</li> </ul><p><img src="https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-f1c600c9cf175e968ddbe286aefd8335-lq" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p>Meteor, Beyond Visual Range (BVR) air to air missile. (Photo: MBDA Missle Systems)</p><p></p><p><img src="https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-e80e9ea96b9332f5dc9f9f0f5cd3b605-lq" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p>J -20's equivalent of the Rafale's Meteor is the Pl-15 missile, which according to a report published by the International Institute for Strategic Studies in early 2018 ‘would be the most capable air-to-air missile in the PLAAF inventory.’</p><p></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">If you go by these number, J-20’s BVR has an edge over Rafale’s BVR</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">PL-15 missile was developed to shoot large aircraft like mid-air refuels or Airborne Warning And Control System (AWACS). But Meteor is capable of targeting even smaller targets like Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs) or cruise missiles.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">J-20 has stealth capability that makes the aircraft less ‘observable’ to the enemy. The US Raptor is supposed to the best Stealth but a Rafale did beat it!</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">J-20 itself is modeled on F-22. Indian Air Force claims its SU-30MKI fighters are able to pick up the J-20 on their radar.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">So, Rafale is a proven aircraft while the capabilities of a J-20 are only on paper.</li> </ul><p>The terrain, a practical aspect</p><p></p><p>One of the big advantages India has is the location of its air bases. The Chinese aircraft will have to take off from bases in Tibet, which are located at a height of 4,000 meters and above. Since the air there is less dense, they can’t carry full fuel and full weapon load. J-20s launched from Pakistan (against India) may not have this limitation.</p><p></p><p>Whereas Indian fighters can get airborne from airfields located at lower altitudes and they will be able to take off with a full load of weapon, compared to their Chinese counterparts. The Chinese tried to develop an engine, but they could not. They had to go for Russian engines, so the thrust-to-weight ratio is not favorable. (per Air Marshal (Retd) Dhiraj Kukreja)</p><p></p><p>(Information source: The Quint)</p><p></p><p>Sheer technical capabilities do not tell the complete story. Training of the pilots, their level of tactical planning on how to engage with the opposing aircraft, and their immediate and actual response in the stress of actual combat - these matter a lot.</p><p></p><p>Each plane has its own claimed advantages. The true power of a tool comes only in practice. That means, a tool is only as good as the workman. Compared to China, Indian air force has battle experience. If you recall the Abhinandan episode, he was said to have shot down a Pakistani F-16, from his fit-for-museum Mig-21 Bison.</p><p></p><p>For our pilots to get the same skill with the Rafale, they need extensive flying experience, 100s of hours, over all the terrains it is expected to operate. The more the flying, the more the familiarization, the more the confidence. A complex thing like a fighter takes a lot for the airman to get used to. One must thoroughly get used to all that is there in the aircraft. Its aerodynamics is just one of the most important factors. It is so because no two fighters have the same characteristics. Airmen prefer to stick to the same model they get used to it. See it like a horseman and his horse. Of course countries do buy newer & different aircraft but the airman must spend 100s to 1000s of hours getting familiarity so that he may get to know it like back of his own hand. </p><p>Kind courtesy Rediff</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="dalvinder45, post: 224460, member: 26009"] [B]Rafale purchased by India versus J-20 produced by China[/B] India has bought Rafale from France; Pakistan is weighing purchase of J-20 from China. When China sells something, the buyer is lured into their types of hardware (aircraft, in this case). All other factors being constant, the buyer is very likely to stick to the same supplier. Upgrade versions will not be as challenging to learn as a totally new aircraft. Third, suppliers like the USA can be very fickle because Pakistan-USA relationship is fickle. In contrast, Pakistan-China relationship will stay constant for a long time to come. China’s latest on the shelf is the J-20; their most advanced fighter aircraft. Is it China’s answer to the Rafale. [IMG]https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-fc42297f6ada229ccf63d91afd886670-pjlq[/IMG] The Dassault Rafale: French twin-engine, canard delta wing, multi-role fighter aircraft and considered to be in the 4.5 generation category. [IMG]https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-5e43de4736713d641a7af0890132e680-lq[/IMG] The J-20 Chengdu: is a single-seat, twin-jet, all-weather, stealth, 5th generation fighter aircraft developed by China’s Chengdu Aerospace Corporation. [LIST] [*]J-20 has an edge in max speed and service ceiling [*]J-20 has better payload capacity (16.6t vs 14.2 t) [/LIST] Both fighter plane use an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA), considered one of the most advanced radar technologies in the world. Rafale carries its electronic warfare suite called SPECTRA, said to cost 30% of the cost of the plane itself. SPECTRA protects the aircraft against airborne and ground threats. Various methods of detection, jamming, decoying and a highly re-programmable system capable of analyzing threats better, makes it extremely difficult to detect and shoot down a Rafale. The J-20’s AESA radar comes with a chin-mounted infrared/electro-optic search and track sensor. The Chinese claim that a passive electro-optical detection system in the J-20 gives its pilot 360-degree coverage of the battlefield. The plane is said to be capable of accessing real-time data from Chinese military satellites. Both are capable of air-to-air combat, ground support, in-depth strike, anti-ship strike and nuclear deterrence missions. They come with an array of weapons. [LIST] [*]India’s version of Rafale carries SCALP (a ground attack precision weapon) and Meteor (a Beyond Visual Range air-to-air missile). [/LIST] [IMG]https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-f1c600c9cf175e968ddbe286aefd8335-lq[/IMG] Meteor, Beyond Visual Range (BVR) air to air missile. (Photo: MBDA Missle Systems) [IMG]https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-e80e9ea96b9332f5dc9f9f0f5cd3b605-lq[/IMG] J -20's equivalent of the Rafale's Meteor is the Pl-15 missile, which according to a report published by the International Institute for Strategic Studies in early 2018 ‘would be the most capable air-to-air missile in the PLAAF inventory.’ [LIST] [*]If you go by these number, J-20’s BVR has an edge over Rafale’s BVR [*]PL-15 missile was developed to shoot large aircraft like mid-air refuels or Airborne Warning And Control System (AWACS). But Meteor is capable of targeting even smaller targets like Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs) or cruise missiles. [*]J-20 has stealth capability that makes the aircraft less ‘observable’ to the enemy. The US Raptor is supposed to the best Stealth but a Rafale did beat it! [*]J-20 itself is modeled on F-22. Indian Air Force claims its SU-30MKI fighters are able to pick up the J-20 on their radar. [*]So, Rafale is a proven aircraft while the capabilities of a J-20 are only on paper. [/LIST] The terrain, a practical aspect One of the big advantages India has is the location of its air bases. The Chinese aircraft will have to take off from bases in Tibet, which are located at a height of 4,000 meters and above. Since the air there is less dense, they can’t carry full fuel and full weapon load. J-20s launched from Pakistan (against India) may not have this limitation. Whereas Indian fighters can get airborne from airfields located at lower altitudes and they will be able to take off with a full load of weapon, compared to their Chinese counterparts. The Chinese tried to develop an engine, but they could not. They had to go for Russian engines, so the thrust-to-weight ratio is not favorable. (per Air Marshal (Retd) Dhiraj Kukreja) (Information source: The Quint) Sheer technical capabilities do not tell the complete story. Training of the pilots, their level of tactical planning on how to engage with the opposing aircraft, and their immediate and actual response in the stress of actual combat - these matter a lot. Each plane has its own claimed advantages. The true power of a tool comes only in practice. That means, a tool is only as good as the workman. Compared to China, Indian air force has battle experience. If you recall the Abhinandan episode, he was said to have shot down a Pakistani F-16, from his fit-for-museum Mig-21 Bison. For our pilots to get the same skill with the Rafale, they need extensive flying experience, 100s of hours, over all the terrains it is expected to operate. The more the flying, the more the familiarization, the more the confidence. A complex thing like a fighter takes a lot for the airman to get used to. One must thoroughly get used to all that is there in the aircraft. Its aerodynamics is just one of the most important factors. It is so because no two fighters have the same characteristics. Airmen prefer to stick to the same model they get used to it. See it like a horseman and his horse. Of course countries do buy newer & different aircraft but the airman must spend 100s to 1000s of hours getting familiarity so that he may get to know it like back of his own hand. Kind courtesy Rediff [/QUOTE]
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Punjabi ਭਾਰਤ-ਚੀਨ ਵਿਚਾਲੇ ਬਦਲੇ ਸਬੰਧਾਂ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਭਾਰਤ ਦੀ ਸੰਭਾਵੀ ਭਵਿਖ ਨੀਤੀ
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