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Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
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ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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Language, Arts & Culture
Gurmukhi Alphabet, Additional Sounds, From Billie Grosse The Font-maker
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<blockquote data-quote="spnadmin" data-source="post: 106770" data-attributes="member: 35"><p><span style="font-size: 9px"><span style="color: #7a5500"><strong>Introduction . . .</strong></span></span></p><p> We've looked at the alphabet and the vowel sounds. Now, there are only a few markings left to learn (apart from the numbers). Although they are all covered by this part of the site, they effectively fall into three groups: </p><p></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits.html#nasal" target="_blank"><span style="color: #7a5500">Nasalisation;</span></a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits.html#emph" target="_blank"><span style="color: #7a5500">Emphasis; and,</span></a></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits.html#paer" target="_blank"><span style="color: #7a5500">Combining consonants without the implicit 'a' sound.</span></a></li> </ul><p>Each marking is a link to an interactive page explaining the marks work!</p><p><span style="color: Black"><img src="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> <a href="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits-01.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 9px">ਨੂੰ</span></a> <img src="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> <img src="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/sd_rs.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> <img src="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> <a href="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits-02.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 9px">ਨੌਂ</span></a> <img src="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> <a href="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits-03.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 9px">ਨੱਕ</span></a> <img src="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> <a href="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits-04.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 9px">ਨ੍ਹ</span></a> <img src="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> <a href="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits-05.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 9px">ਪ੍ਰ</span></a> <img src="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> <a href="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits-06.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 9px">ਸ੍ਵ</span></a> <img src="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> <img src="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/sd_bl.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> <img src="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/sd_bs.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> <img src="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/sd_br.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /> </span><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits-01.html" target="_blank">[SIZE=-1]Next ਟਿੱਪੀ (Tippee) - n <em>(ਨੂੰ)</em>[/SIZE]</a></span> <img src="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p> <span style="font-size: 9px"><span style="color: #7a5500"><strong>Nasalisation</strong></span></span></p><p> In addition to the explicit 'n's (ਨ and ਣ) used in Punjabi, there is also a partial/implicit 'n'. Imagine the nasalised 'n' in the 'ah' sound as in the end of the French word for 'naturally'; 'naturellement'.</p><p> There are two markings used to represent this: </p><p></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">ਟਿੱਪੀ (Tippee) - (the mark at the top of <strong>ਨੂੰ</strong> that looks like the bottom half of a ਨ); and,</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"> ਬਿੰਦੀ (Bindi) - n (the dot at the top-right of <strong>ਨੌਂ</strong> just to the right of the kanaurdaa).</li> </ul><p> <span style="font-size: 9px"><span style="color: #7a5500"><strong>Emphasis</strong></span></span></p><p> In English, we put emphasis on certain syllables (interestingly, Japanese doesn't so a word like 'Sudoku' has the emphasis equal on all syllables). The emphasis on a particular word root can change, according to what it represents thus: 'Chro<strong>ma</strong>to<strong>gra</strong>ph' (the machine) and 'Chro<strong>ma</strong>to<strong>gra</strong>m' (the paper chart that represents its output) are different to '<strong>Chro</strong>ma<strong>to</strong>graphy' (the subject as a whole). Also, the emphasis can change according to where it is spoken so in English it is 'La<strong>bo</strong>ra<strong>t</strong>ory' whereas in Americanised English it is '<strong>La</strong>bora<strong>to</strong>ry'.</p><p></p><p> Gurmukhi has the ability to define emphasis and it does this with an Adhak. An adhak gives a slight pause between the syllable before it and after it, in a similar way to they stereotyped way that the Welsh say the word 'middle' - ie, 'mid-dle'.</p><p></p><p> <span style="font-size: 9px"><span style="color: #7a5500"><strong>Combining consonants without the implicit 'a' sound</strong></span></span></p><p> Not every word needs to have an implicit 'a' after every letter and this is a way of doing it. In modern Punjabi there are three letters that you can add to the letter - ਹ ਰ and ਵ - the first of the three modifying the pitch of the letter and the last allowing for better support of foreign (non-Punjabi) words.</p><p></p><p> They are written like this:<strong>ਨ੍ਹ</strong> (ਹ); <strong>ਪ੍ਰ</strong> (ਰ); and, <strong>ਸ੍ਵ</strong> (ਵ) thus, we can have words like . . .</p><p></p><p> In Punjabi: </p><p></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><strong>ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ</strong> (<em>these</em>),</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><strong>ਪ੍ਰਵੀਣ</strong> (<em>perfect</em>); and,</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><strong>ਸ੍ਵੱਯੇ</strong> (<em>a kind of poetry</em>).</li> </ul><p> In English: </p><p></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><strong>ਵ੍ਹਾਇਟ</strong> (<em>white</em>),</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><strong>ਪ੍ਰੋਗ੍ਰੈਮ</strong> (<em>program</em>); and,</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><strong>ਸ੍ਵੀਟ</strong> (<em>sweet</em>).</li> </ul><p> Some fonts support virtually every letter but their use is very restricted.</p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="color: Sienna"></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="color: Sienna"> You need to go to this page link to see the interactive chart of sound markings</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><span style="color: Sienna"><a href="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits.html" target="_blank">Gurmukhi Additional markings - Introduction .:. Billie the cat</a><img src="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></span></span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="spnadmin, post: 106770, member: 35"] [SIZE=1][COLOR=#7a5500][B]Introduction . . .[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE] We've looked at the alphabet and the vowel sounds. Now, there are only a few markings left to learn (apart from the numbers). Although they are all covered by this part of the site, they effectively fall into three groups: [LIST] [*][URL="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits.html#nasal"][COLOR=#7a5500]Nasalisation;[/COLOR][/URL] [*][URL="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits.html#emph"][COLOR=#7a5500]Emphasis; and,[/COLOR][/URL] [*][URL="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits.html#paer"][COLOR=#7a5500]Combining consonants without the implicit 'a' sound.[/COLOR][/URL] [/LIST] Each marking is a link to an interactive page explaining the marks work! [COLOR=Black][IMG]http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png[/IMG] [URL="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits-01.html"][SIZE=1]ਨੂੰ[/SIZE][/URL] [IMG]http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png[/IMG] [IMG]http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/sd_rs.png[/IMG] [IMG]http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png[/IMG] [URL="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits-02.html"][SIZE=1]ਨੌਂ[/SIZE][/URL] [IMG]http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png[/IMG] [URL="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits-03.html"][SIZE=1]ਨੱਕ[/SIZE][/URL] [IMG]http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png[/IMG] [URL="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits-04.html"][SIZE=1]ਨ੍ਹ[/SIZE][/URL] [IMG]http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png[/IMG] [URL="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits-05.html"][SIZE=1]ਪ੍ਰ[/SIZE][/URL] [IMG]http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png[/IMG] [URL="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits-06.html"][SIZE=1]ਸ੍ਵ[/SIZE][/URL] [IMG]http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png[/IMG] [IMG]http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/sd_bl.png[/IMG] [IMG]http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/sd_bs.png[/IMG] [IMG]http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/sd_br.png[/IMG] [/COLOR][COLOR=Blue][URL="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits-01.html"][SIZE=-1]Next ਟਿੱਪੀ (Tippee) - n [I](ਨੂੰ)[/I][/SIZE][/URL][/COLOR] [IMG]http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png[/IMG] [SIZE=1][COLOR=#7a5500][B]Nasalisation[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE] In addition to the explicit 'n's (ਨ and ਣ) used in Punjabi, there is also a partial/implicit 'n'. Imagine the nasalised 'n' in the 'ah' sound as in the end of the French word for 'naturally'; 'naturellement'. There are two markings used to represent this: [LIST] [*]ਟਿੱਪੀ (Tippee) - (the mark at the top of [B]ਨੂੰ[/B] that looks like the bottom half of a ਨ); and, [*] ਬਿੰਦੀ (Bindi) - n (the dot at the top-right of [B]ਨੌਂ[/B] just to the right of the kanaurdaa). [/LIST] [SIZE=1][COLOR=#7a5500][B]Emphasis[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE] In English, we put emphasis on certain syllables (interestingly, Japanese doesn't so a word like 'Sudoku' has the emphasis equal on all syllables). The emphasis on a particular word root can change, according to what it represents thus: 'Chro[B]ma[/B]to[B]gra[/B]ph' (the machine) and 'Chro[B]ma[/B]to[B]gra[/B]m' (the paper chart that represents its output) are different to '[B]Chro[/B]ma[B]to[/B]graphy' (the subject as a whole). Also, the emphasis can change according to where it is spoken so in English it is 'La[B]bo[/B]ra[B]t[/B]ory' whereas in Americanised English it is '[B]La[/B]bora[B]to[/B]ry'. Gurmukhi has the ability to define emphasis and it does this with an Adhak. An adhak gives a slight pause between the syllable before it and after it, in a similar way to they stereotyped way that the Welsh say the word 'middle' - ie, 'mid-dle'. [SIZE=1][COLOR=#7a5500][B]Combining consonants without the implicit 'a' sound[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE] Not every word needs to have an implicit 'a' after every letter and this is a way of doing it. In modern Punjabi there are three letters that you can add to the letter - ਹ ਰ and ਵ - the first of the three modifying the pitch of the letter and the last allowing for better support of foreign (non-Punjabi) words. They are written like this:[B]ਨ੍ਹ[/B] (ਹ); [B]ਪ੍ਰ[/B] (ਰ); and, [B]ਸ੍ਵ[/B] (ਵ) thus, we can have words like . . . In Punjabi: [LIST] [*][B]ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ[/B] ([I]these[/I]), [*][B]ਪ੍ਰਵੀਣ[/B] ([I]perfect[/I]); and, [*][B]ਸ੍ਵੱਯੇ[/B] ([I]a kind of poetry[/I]). [/LIST] In English: [LIST] [*][B]ਵ੍ਹਾਇਟ[/B] ([I]white[/I]), [*][B]ਪ੍ਰੋਗ੍ਰੈਮ[/B] ([I]program[/I]); and, [*][B]ਸ੍ਵੀਟ[/B] ([I]sweet[/I]). [/LIST] Some fonts support virtually every letter but their use is very restricted. [SIZE=4][COLOR=Sienna] You need to go to this page link to see the interactive chart of sound markings [URL="http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/bits.html"]Gurmukhi Additional markings - Introduction .:. Billie the cat[/URL][IMG]http://www.billie.grosse.is-a-geek.com/images/spacer.png[/IMG][/COLOR][/SIZE] [/QUOTE]
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