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Gurmukh/ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ & Manmukh/ ਮਨਮੁਖਿ

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GURMUKH/ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ & MANMUKH/ਮਨਮੁਖਿ


ABSTRACT

These two words (ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ and ਮਨਮੁਖਿ) are mentioned in the Sabd Guru many times. Mahan Kosh defines Gurmukh (Guru-Willed), who follows the discipline of the Guru, and Guru-ward or an enlightened or pious one, who accepts the guidance of the Guru. Manmukh is defined, as the self-willed or the one whose face is turned towards his own mind. He may regard himself as independent. The latter in the garb of the former is of more danger to the Sikh Faith. Guru Ramdas comments in Siri Raag;

ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਲਾਧਾ ਮਨਮੁਖਿ ਗਵਾਇਆ ॥

Gurmukẖ lāḏẖā manmukẖ gavā¬i¬ā.

The Guru willed obtains It, and the self-willed lose It.
-----Guru Ram Das, Siri Raag, AGGS, Page, 11-16
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Willingness, honesty, open mind and humility are indispensable if one accepts God’s Will and wants to be a Gurmukh. Willingness is a crucial factor. It unlocks the door, which then opens itself. Looking through this door, one shall see a pathway with an inscription. This is the way to a Faith That Works but it requires a willing acceptance.

ਹਰਿ ਮੰਦਰੁ ਸੋਈ ਆਖੀਐ ਜਿਥਹੁ ਹਰਿ ਜਾਤਾ ॥ਮਾਨਸ ਦੇਹ ਗੁਰ ਬਚਨੀ ਪਾਇਆ ਸਭੁ ਆਤਮ ਰਾਮੁ ਪਛਾਤਾ ॥ਬਾਹਰਿ ਮੂਲਿ ਨ ਖੋਜੀਐ ਘਰ ਮਾਹਿ ਬਿਧਾਤਾ ॥ਮਨਮੁਖ ਹਰਿ ਮੰਦਰ ਕੀ ਸਾਰ ਨ ਜਾਣਨੀ ਤਿਨੀ ਜਨਮੁ ਗਵਾਤਾ ॥ਸਭ ਮਹਿ ਇਕੁ ਵਰਤਦਾ ਗੁਰ ਸਬਦੀ ਪਾਇਆ ਜਾਈ ॥

Har Mandar So-ee Aakhee-ai Jithahu Har Jaataa, Maanas Dayh Gur Bachnee Paa-i-aa Sabh Aatam Raam Pachhaataa, Baahar Mool Na Khojee-ai Ghar Maahi BiDhaataa, Manmukh Har Mandar Kee Saar Na Jaannee Tinee Janam Gavaataa, Sabh Meh Ik Varatdaa Gur Sabdee Paa-i-aa Jaa-ee.

That alone is said to be the Akal Purkh's temple, where the It is known. When one recognizes that the Akal Purkh, the supreme soul is in all, one begins to find It in his own body as well. There is no need to look for Akal Purkh outside oneself. The Creator, the Architect of Destiny, is within one’s own heart. This is Its home and one’s temple within. The self-willed does not appreciate the value of the Akal Purkh's temple. He wastes away and loses precious life. The One God is pervading in all. Through the Word of the Guru's Sabd, It can be found. -----Guru Nanak, Raag Ramkali, AGGS, Page, 953

Guru willed considers serving God in the present human form, which is the service at its best. It glorifies humans as divine and dignified beings. The most rational and effective way for spiritual growth and eventual union with God is through Universal Wisdom. As we cultivate an attitude of service, we learn how to make all of our life's work a service to God. All aspects of our life lead to spiritual growth. Ultimately, we come to understand that serving humanity and serving God are one and the same if we regard every as an equal. Guru Nanak ponders in Raag Sorath that the one who considers every one equal is a religious person and a Gurmukh.

ਜੋ ਅੰਤਰਿ ਸੋ ਬਾਹਰਿ ਦੇਖਹੁ ਅਵਰੁ ਨ ਦੂਜਾ ਕੋਈ ਜੀਉ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਏਕ ਦ੍ਰਿਸਟਿ ਕਰਿ ਦੇਖਹੁ ਘਟਿ ਘਟਿ ਜੋਤਿ ਸਮੋਈ ਜੀਉ ॥

Jo Antar So Baahar Daykhhu Avar Na Doojaa Ko-ee Jee-o,Gurmukh Ayk Darisat Kar Daykhhu Ghat Ghat Jot Samo-ee Jee-o.

Akal Purkh is within and see It outside as well, as there is no one, other than It. As Guru willed, look upon all with the single eye of equality; in each and every heart, the Divine Light is contained. -----Guru Nanak, Raag Sorath, AGGS, Page, 599-2

Guru Ramdas confirms the above in Raag Asa;

ਸਭ ਏਕ ਦ੍ਰਿਸਟਿ ਸਮਤੁ ਕਰਿ ਦੇਖੈ ਸਭੁ ਆਤਮ ਰਾਮੁ ਪਛਾਨ ਜੀਉ ॥ ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਜਸੁ ਗਾਇਆ ਪਰਮ ਪਦੁ ਪਾਇਆ ਤੇ ਊਤਮ ਜਨ ਪਰਧਾਨ ਜੀਉ ॥

Sabh Ayk Darisat Samat Kar Gaykhai Sabh Aatam Raam Pachhaan Jee-o, Har Har Jas Gaa-i-aa Param Pad Paa-i-aa Tay Ootam Jan ParDhaan Jee-o.

We should look upon all as equals and recognize that the same Supreme Soul, the Akal Purkh resides in all. Those who sing the Praises of the Akal Purkh, The Creator, obtain the supreme status; they are the most exalted and acclaimed people. -----Guru Ramdas, Raag, Asa, AGGS, Page, 446-12

One should consider all humans as equal. Each person has the same God in him. So, one should have a respect for all without any differentiation. Faith is necessary but alone it is of no avail. It is possible for us to have faith and yet keep God out of our lives. We have to turn our will and lives to the care of God. We should have an unquestionable acceptance of the fact that Its Will will be done. Our acceptance does not mean that we would like each situation we face. Still we need to acknowledge our present reality and hope that it shall pass too. This pathway needs some affirmative action -- to cut away the self-will blocking the entry of God in our lives. Vanity can be rooted by considering every one as equal. In humility we can redeem our dignity.

ਸਭੁ ਕੋ ਨਿਵੈ ਆਪ ਕਉ ਪਰ ਕਉ ਨਿਵੈ ਨ ਕੋਇ ॥ਧਰਿ ਤਾਰਾਜੂ ਤੋਲੀਐ ਨਿਵੈ ਸੁ ਗਉਰਾ ਹੋਇ ॥

Sabh Ko Nivai Aap Kaou Par Kaou Nivai Na Ko-ay, Dhar Taaraajoo Tolee-ai Nivai So Ga-uraa Ho-ay.

Everyone bows down to himself; no one bows down to another. When something is placed on the balancing scale and weighed, the side which descends is heavier.
-----Guru Nanak, Raag Asa, AGGS, Page, 470-14

In order to serve the divinity in humanity effectively, we have to consciously feel God's presence in those we are serving. While we are speaking to someone, we have to feel that we are speaking to the divinity within that person. Otherwise, we are just helping someone in our own way without any conscious feeling of dedication to the Supreme. Such work cannot lead to any divine manifestation. If we pray and meditate, we will come to believe that God’s presence is inside everyone. This should be our new living reality. We then start living in the Truth Itself. At that time we will consciously serve each person precisely because we know and feel that God is inside him. Kabir ponders on this aspect in Raag Parbhati;

ਬੇਦ ਕਤੇਬ ਕਹਹੁ ਮਤ ਝੂਠੇ ਝੂਠਾ ਜੋ ਨ ਬਿਚਾਰੈ ॥ ਜਉ ਸਭ ਮਹਿ ਏਕੁ ਖੁਦਾਇ ਕਹਤ ਹਉ ਤਉ ਕਿਉ ਮੁਰਗੀ ਮਾਰੈ ॥

Bayd Katayb Kahhu Mat Jhoothay Jhoothaa Jo Na Bichaarai, Jaou Sabh Meh Ayk Khudaa-ay Kahat Haou Taou Kiou Murgee Maarai.

Do not say that the Vedas and other religious scriptures are false. Those who do not contemplate them are false.You say that the One Akal Purkh is in all, so why do you kill the chicken? -----Kabir, Raag Parbhati, AGGS, Page, 1350-5

If we do not see truth or light in our actions, then our physical mind may not be convinced of the value of the things that we are doing. Today we may serve someone and tomorrow claim, "Oh, he is such a fool! He has no aspiration, no good qualities! Why should I serve him?" Guru Nanak and Guru Ramdas comments on such a service in Raag Suhi and Raag Maru;

ਚਾਕਰੀਆ ਚੰਗਿਆਈਆ ਅਵਰ ਸਿਆਣਪ ਕਿਤੁ ॥ਨਾਨਕ ਨਾਮੁ ਸਮਾਲਿ ਤੂੰ ਬਧਾ ਛੁਟਹਿ ਜਿਤੁ ॥

Chaakree-aa Chang-aa-ee-aa Avar Si-aanap Kit, Nanak Naam Samaal TooN BaDhaa Chhuteh Jit.

What good does it do to serve, and be good, and be clever? O, Nanak, contemplate the Naam, the Name of the Akal Purkh, and you shall be released from bondage.
-----Guru Nanak, Raag Suhi, AGGS, Page, 729-7

ਵਿਚਿ ਹਉਮੈ ਸੇਵਾ ਥਾਇ ਨ ਪਾਏ ॥

Vich Ha-umai Sayvaa Thaa-ay Na Paa-ay.

One who serves in egotism is not accepted or approved. -----Guru Ramdas, Raag Maru, AGGS, Page, 1071-1

The unselfish and compassionate acts will not only help others, but will also help to broaden our own minds as well. With spiritual wisdom in considering every one as an equal, we are satisfying the definition of being Gurmukhs.

ਕਰਿ ਸੇਵਾ ਭਜੁ ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਗੁਰਮਤਿ ॥ਤਿਆਗਿ ਮਾਨੁ ਝੂਠੁ ਅਭਿਮਾਨੁ ॥ ਜੀਵਤ ਮਰਹਿ ਦਰਗਹ ਪਰਵਾਨੁ ॥

Kar Sayva Bajh Har Har Gurmat, Tiaag Maan Jhooth Abhimaan, Jeevat Mareh Dargeh Parvaan.

Do seva or selfless service. Follow the Guru's Teachings. Vibrate the Akal Purkh's Name, The Creator. Abandon pride, falsehood and arrogance. Remain dead while yet alive. This way you shall be welcomed in Its Court. -----Guru Arjan, Raag Gauri Guarayree, AGGS, Page, 176-14

Nothing short of right action can bring the desired result. Our whole trouble has been misuse of our willpower. We have tried to bombard our problems with it. Instead, we should have been attempting to bring it in to agreement with God’s intentions for us. God’s Will, will help us conquer the three qualities of Maya -- ignorance, pride and intellect. Guru Amardas puts Manmukh and drunkard in the same category in Raag Gauri;

ਸਚੁ ਸਚਾ ਜਿਨੀ ਨ ਸੇਵਿਆ ਸੇ ਮਨਮੁਖ ਮੂੜ ਬੇਤਾਲੇ ॥ ਓਹ ਆਲੁ ਪਤਾਲੁ ਮੁਹਹੁ ਬੋਲਦੇ ਜਿਉ ਪੀਤੈ ਮਦਿ ਮਤਵਾਲੇ ॥

Sach Sachaa Jinee Na Sayvi-aa Say Manmukh Moorh Baytaalay, Oh Aal Pataal Muhhu Bolday Ji-o Peetai Mad Matvaalay.

Those who do not serve the Truest of the True are self-willed Manmukhs. They are foolish demons. With their mouths, they babble on about this and that, like the drunkard who has drunk his wine. -----Guru Amardas, Raag Gauri, AGGS, Page, 311-10 & 11

ਮਨਮੁਖ ਵਾਪਾਰੈ ਸਾਰ ਨ ਜਾਣਨੀ ਬਿਖੁ ਵਿਹਾਝਹਿ ਬਿਖੁ ਸੰਗ੍ਰਹਹਿ ਬਿਖ ਸਿਉ ਧਰਹਿ ਪਿਆਰੁ ॥ਬਾਹਰਹੁ ਪੰਡਿਤ ਸਦਾਇਦੇ ਮਨਹੁ ਮੂਰਖ ਗਾਵਾਰ ॥ਹਰਿ ਸਿਉ ਚਿਤੁ ਨ ਲਾਇਨੀ ਵਾਦੀ ਧਰਨਿ ਪਿਆਰੁ ॥ਵਾਦਾ ਕੀਆ ਕਰਨਿ ਕਹਾਣੀਆ ਕੂੜੁ ਬੋਲਿ ਕਰਹਿ ਆਹਾਰੁ ॥ਜਗ ਮਹਿ ਰਾਮ ਨਾਮੁ ਹਰਿ ਨਿਰਮਲਾ ਹੋਰੁ ਮੈਲਾ ਸਭੁ ਆਕਾਰੁ ॥ਨਾਨਕ ਨਾਮੁ ਨ ਚੇਤਨੀ ਹੋਇ ਮੈਲੇ ਮਰਹਿ ਗਵਾਰ ॥

Manmukẖ vāpārai sār na jāṇnī bikẖ vihājẖeh bikẖ sangar¬hahi bikẖ si¬o ḏẖareh pi¬ār, Bāhrahu pandiṯ saḏā¬iḏė manhu mūrakẖ gāvār, Har si¬o cẖiṯ na lā¬inī vāḏī ḏẖaran pi¬ār, vāḏā kī¬ā karan kahāṇī¬ā kūṛ bol karahi āhār, Jag meh rām nām har nirmalā hor mailā sabẖ ākār, Nānak nām na cẖėṯnī ho¬ė mailė mareh gavār.

The self-willed does not appreciate the excellence of trading in Truth. He deals in poison, collects poison, and is in love with poison. Outwardly, they call themselves Pundits, religious scholars, but in their minds they are foolish and ignorant. They do not focus their consciousness on the Akal Purkh; they love to engage in arguments. They speak to cause arguments, and earn their living by telling lies. In this world, only the Akal Purkh's Name is immaculate and pure. All other objects of creation are polluted. O Nanak, those who do not remember the Naam, the Name of the Akal Purkh, is polluted; they die in ignorance.
-----Guru Amardas, Raag, AGGS, Page, 1091

Conclusion:

Guru Nanak in Raag Ramkali of AGGS, Page, 941 had a dialogue with Sidhas about Manmukh & Gurmukh:

ਮਨਮੁਖਿ ਭੂਲੈ ਜਮ ਕੀ ਕਾਣਿ ॥ ਪਰ ਘਰੁ ਜੋਹੈ ਹਾਣੇ ਹਾਣਿ ॥ ਮਨਮੁਖਿ ਭਰਮਿ ਭਵੈ ਬੇਬਾਣਿ ॥ ਵੇਮਾਰਗਿ ਮੂਸੈ ਮੰਤ੍ਰਿ ਮਸਾਣਿ ॥ ਸਬਦੁ ਨ ਚੀਨੈ ਲਵੈ ਕੁਬਾਣਿ ॥ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਚਿ ਰਤੇ ਸੁਖੁ ਜਾਣਿ ॥੨੬॥

Manmukẖ bẖūlai jam kī kāṇ. Par gẖar johai hāṇė hāṇ. Manmukẖ bẖaram bẖavai bėbāṇ. vėmārag mūsai manṯar masāṇ. Sabaḏ na cẖīnai lavai kubāṇ. Nānak sācẖ raṯė sukẖ jāṇ. ||26||

The self-willed are deluded, under the shadow of death. They look into the homes of others, and lose. The self willed are confused by doubt, wandering in the wilderness. Having lost their way, they are plundered; they chant their mantras at cremation grounds. They do not think of the Sabd; instead, they utter obscenities. O, Nanak, those who are attuned to the Truth know peace. ||26||

ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਸਾਚੇ ਕਾ ਭਉ ਪਾਵੈ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਬਾਣੀ ਅਘੜੁ ਘੜਾਵੈ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਨਿਰਮਲ ਹਰਿ ਗੁਣ ਗਾਵੈ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਪਵਿਤ੍ਰੁ ਪਰਮ ਪਦੁ ਪਾਵੈ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਰੋਮਿ ਰੋਮਿ ਹਰਿ ਧਿਆਵੈ ॥ ਨਾਨਕ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਸਾਚਿ ਸਮਾਵੈ ॥੨੭॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਪਰਚੈ ਬੇਦ ਬੀਚਾਰੀ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਪਰਚੈ ਤਰੀਐ ਤਾਰੀ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਪਰਚੈ ਸੁ ਸਬਦਿ ਗਿਆਨੀ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਪਰਚੈ ਅੰਤਰ ਬਿਧਿ ਜਾਨੀ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਪਾਈਐ ਅਲਖ ਅਪਾਰੁ ॥ ਨਾਨਕ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਮੁਕਤਿ ਦੁਆਰੁ ॥੨੮॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਅਕਥੁ ਕਥੈ ਬੀਚਾਰਿ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਜਪੀਐ ਅੰਤਰਿ ਪਿਆਰਿ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਜਪੀਐ ਅੰਤਰਿ ਪਿਆਰਿ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਪਾਈਐ ਸਬਦਿ ਅਚਾਰਿ ॥ ਸਬਦਿ ਭੇਦਿ ਜਾਣੈ ਜਾਣਾਈ ॥ ਨਾਨਕ ਹਉਮੈ ਜਾਲਿ ਸਮਾਈ ॥੨੯॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਧਰਤੀ ਸਾਚੈ ਸਾਜੀ ॥ ਤਿਸ ਮਹਿ ਓਪਤਿ ਖਪਤਿ ਸੁ ਬਾਜੀ ॥ ਗੁਰ ਕੈ ਸਬਦਿ ਰਪੈ ਰੰਗੁ ਲਾਇ ॥ ਸਾਚਿ ਰਤਉ ਪਤਿ ਸਿਉ ਘਰਿ ਜਾਇ ॥ ਸਾਚ ਸਬਦ ਬਿਨੁ ਪਤਿ ਨਹੀ ਪਾਵੈ ॥ ਨਾਨਕ ਬਿਨੁ ਨਾਵੈ ਕਿਉ ਸਾਚਿ ਸਮਾਵੈ ॥੩੦॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਅਸਟ ਸਿਧੀ ਸਭਿ ਬੁਧੀ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਭਵਜਲੁ ਤਰੀਐ ਸਚ ਸੁਧੀ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਸਰ ਅਪਸਰ ਬਿਧਿ ਜਾਣੈ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਪਰਵਿਰਤਿ ਨਰਵਿਰਤਿ ਪਛਾਣੈ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਤਾਰੇ ਪਾਰਿ ਉਤਾਰੇ ॥ ਨਾਨਕ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਸਬਦਿ ਨਿਸਤਾਰੇ ॥੩੧॥

Gurmukẖ sācẖė kā bẖa­o pāvai. Gurmukẖ baṇī agẖaṛ gẖaṛāvai. Gurmukẖ nirmal har guṇ gāvai. Gurmukẖ paviṯar param paḏ pāvai. Gurmukẖ rom rom har ḏẖi­āvai. Nānak gurmukẖ sācẖ samāvai. ||27|| Gurmukẖ parcẖai bėḏ bīcẖārī. Gurmukẖ parcẖai ṯarī­ai ṯārī. Gurmukẖ parcẖai so sabaḏ gi­ānī. Gurmukẖ parcẖai anṯar biḏẖ jānī. Gurmukẖ pā­ī­ai alakẖ apār. Nānak gurmukẖ mukaṯ ḏu­ār. ||28|| Gurmukẖ akath kathai bīcẖār. Gurmukẖ nibhai saparvār. Gurmukẖ japī­ai anṯar pi­ār. Gurmukẖ pā­ī­ai sabaḏ acẖār. Sabaḏ bẖėḏ jāṇai jāṇā­ī. Nānak ha­umai jāl samā­ī. ||29|| Gurmukẖ ḏẖarṯī sācẖai sājī. Ŧis meh opaṯ kẖapaṯ so bājī. Gur kai sabaḏ rapai rang lā­ė. Sācẖ raṯa­o paṯ si­o gẖar jā­ė. Sācẖ sabaḏ bin paṯ nahī pāvai. Nānak bin nāvai ki­o sācẖ samāvai. ||30|| Gurmukẖ asat siḏẖī sabẖ buḏẖī. Gurmukẖ bẖavjal ṯarī­ai sacẖ suḏẖī. Gurmukẖ sar apsar biḏẖ jāṇai. Gurmukẖ parviraṯ narviraṯ pacẖẖāṇai. Gurmukẖ ṯārė pār uṯārė. Nānak gurmukẖ sabaḏ nisṯārė. ||31||

The Guru willed lives in the Fear of God, the True Akal Purkh. Through the Word of the Guru's Bani, and refines the unrefined. The Gurmukh sings the immaculate, Glorious Praises of the Akal Purkh. The Gurmukh attains the supreme, sanctified status. The Gurmukh meditates on the Akal Purkh with every hair of his body. O, Nanak, the Gurmukh merges in Truth. ||27|| The Gurmukh is pleasing to the True Guru; this is contemplation on the Vedas. Pleasing the True Guru, the Gurmukh is carried across. Pleasing the True Guru, the Gurmukh receives the spiritual wisdom of the Sabd. Pleasing the True Guru, the Gurmukh comes to know the path within. The Gurmukh attains the unseen and infinite God. O, Nanak, the Gurmukh finds the door of liberation. ||28|| The Gurmukh speaks the unspoken wisdom. In the midst of his family, the Gurmukh lives a spiritual life. The Gurmukh lovingly meditates deep within. The Gurmukh obtains the Sabd, and righteous conduct. He knows the mystery of the Sabd, and inspires others to know it. O, Nanak, burning away his ego, he merges in the Akal Purkh. ||29|| The True Creator fashioned the earth for the sake of the Gurmukhs. There, he set in motion the play of creation and destruction. One who is filled with the Word of the Guru's Sabd enshrines love for the Akal Purkh. Attuned to the Truth, he goes to his home with honor. Without the True Word of the Sabd, no one receives honor. O, Nanak, without the Name, how can one be absorbed in Truth? ||30|| The Gurmukh obtains the eight miraculous spiritual powers, and all wisdom. The Gurmukh crosses over the terrifying world-ocean, and obtains true understanding. The Gurmukh knows the ways of truth and untruth. The Gurmukh knows worldliness and renunciation. The Gurmukh crosses over, and carries others across as well. O, Nanak, the Gurmukh is emancipated through the Sabd. ||31||

Virinder S.Grewal
Williamston,MI
 

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