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Gurdwaras Related To Guru Nanak in TaranTarn District
Dr Dalvinder Singh Grewal
Guru Nanak Dev Ji in Taran Taran District
Dr Dalvinder Singh Grewal
Guru Nanak Dev Ji in Taran Taran District
The District of Taran Taran is situated in Punjab State of North western India. Steeped in antiquity, Tarn Taran dates back to the times of Guru Arjan Dev ji who converted a pond into a large sarovar in 1596 AD. Further development was done in 1768 when Sardar Budh Singh and Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgarhia constructed a Gurdwara on the side of the tank. Maharaja Ranjit Singh completed the Sarovar and offered gold to have exterior of the Gurdwara covered. Around this Gurdwara a City was constructed later on. From 1716 to1810, Tarn Taran Sahib was part of the Bhangi Misl ruled by a powerful Sikh family of Dhillon clan. It developed as an important centre of Sikh pilgrimage and as the pivot of Sikh culture. It has now many historical Gurdwaras which include Darbar Sahib Guru Arjan Dev Ji, Gurdwara Guru Ka Khuh (Gurdwara of the Guru’s Well), Gurdwara Bibi Bhani Da Khuh, Gurdwara Takkar Sahib, Gurdwara Lakeer Sahib, Gurudwara Baba Garja Singh Baba Bota Singh, Gurdwara Jhulne Mahal and Thatti Khara. Earlier a part of Amritsar District, it was carved as a district in 2006 during the celebrations marking the martyrdom Day of Guru Arjun Dev Ji. Tarn Taran district lies between 31 0 05’, and 31 0 30’ 05 North latitude 74 0 30’ and 75 0 15’ 05“ East longitudes. It is at a distance of 25 Km South of Amritsar City. The district is in 2,449 k,m sq. having a population of 11,19,911(Census 2011 data). Tarn Taran district has the highest Sikh percentage among all the districts of Punjab, Sikhs forming 89.1% of the total population of the district. There are three tehsils namely Tarn Taran, Patti, and Khadur Sahib. (1)
Guru Nanak visited this district from Sultanpur Lodhi during his local visit to Emnabad to meet Bhai Lalo and during return from Emnabad after meeting his parents at talwandi Rai Bhoi. From Sultanpur Lodhi Guru Nanak went through Goindwal, Fatehabad, Dera Bana Bhai Kalu, Khadoor Sahib, Verowal, Tarantarn, and returned via Khalra, Ami Shah, Patti and Lohar where Gurdwaras commemorate his visits. These Gurdwaras in Tarantaran district are at the following places
- Gurdwara Baoli Sahib, Goindwal, Tarntaran.
- Gurdwara Nanak Parao, Fatehabad, Tarntaran,
- Gurdwara Nanak Parao, Jalalabad Khadoor sahib , Tarntaran
- Gurdwara Tapiana Sahib, Khadoor Sahib, Tarntaran,
- Gurdwara Guru Nanak Dev ji Verowal, Tarntaran.
- Gurdwara, Dera Bana Bhai Kalu Ji, Korre Vadhaon,
- Gurdwara Guru Nanak Dev ji Verowal, Tarntaran,
- Gurdwara, Baba Ramu Ji Tarntaran,
- Gurdwara patshahi Pehli, Khalra, Tarntaran,
- Gurdwara Shaheedan Sahib, Ami Shah, Tarntaran,
- Gurdwara Nanakpuri Sahib, Patti, Tarntaran,
- Gurdwara Dehra Sahib, Lohar, Tarntaran,
Guru Ji visited this place in 1498 AD while going to Emanbad. It was then a barren land. It was developed in to a village by Guru madras at the instructions of Guru Angad on the request of Goinda Bhalla. Guru Amardas called his family here and got prepared a Baoli on the banks of Beas River between 1616 Samwat (1559 AD) and 1621 Sanwat 1564 AD). (11) Goindwal was named after Goinda and Gurdwara Baoli sahib was constructed round the Baoli.(2) The location of the town was an ancient east-west highway that crossed the River Beas connecting Delhi and Lahore [3] and the head of the most important ferries on the river Beas.[4] With the renovation of the highway by Sher Shah Suri, the Afghan ruler of North India (1540–45), this ferry site became an important transit point.[5] When Guru Nanak visited the place it was a deserted place. From Sultanpur Lodhi, Guru Nanak Dev ji crossed Bias River (the place where Baoli Sahib exists in Goindwal now) and sat in a deserted, secluded, barren place and stayed there for three months.[6][9} He remained in meditation for three days and nights at a stretch, sang hymns in accompaniment of Mardana’s rebec. As he opened his eyes, Mardana said: “Baba! You have been blessed by God to remain hungry, but I am an ordinary human being. I cannot remain without food. Either you make me like you that I do not feel hunger or give me two times food and proper clothing. Only then I can continue with you. Baba laughed and said: “You have not to worry for food and clothing. It will come whenever God wishes so.” Meanwhile a farmer brought cooked maize (Chhalian) and milk from his home. Farmer’s brother brought loafs of bread. Mardana had his fill. Guru Nanak blessed: “This place will have saints reciting God’s Name and free food (langar) will be served regularly.” Next he stayed at Fatehabad for night.
Gurdwara Baoli Sahib, Goindwal
The entrance of Goindwal is decorated with murals describing significant scenes of the Sikh history. [6] The main gurdwara, standing next to the Baoli, white against the chequer board of the courtyard. The Gurdwara is an example of typical Sikh architecture with a large dome tipped with a gold pinnacle - four cupolas echoing the main dome in shape and the ubiquitous facade of turrets, elliptical cornices and projected windows. Goindwal Baoli, the well of Goindwal Guru Amar Das had a Baoli, or covered step-well, constructed in Goindwal. The step-well spans about 25 feet or 8 meters. The well has a few resting places between the 84 steps providing the Sikhs a place to get together and have spiritual discussion.[7][8} An arched access opens to a domed entrance decorated with frescoes depicting the life of Guru Amar Das. A divided underground staircase with 84 covered steps descends beneath the earth to Goindwal's sacred waters. The Baoli is entered through a wide, pointed archway and the structure is surmounted by a large fluted dome. There are projected eaves on all sides, while the front face also has a row of small turrets. The cornice under the dome is multi-coloured with floral designs.[8] Goindwal sahib has 17 Gurdwaras, 4 related to Guru Sahiban and 13 Gurdwaras in city. (11)
References
1. About District | Welcome to District Tarn Taran,Govt. Of Punjab | India
2. Gurdham Didar (2005), p .46
3. Singh, Surinderjit (1999). The Masters & The Word Divine. Amritsar: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh. p. 73. ISBN 8176013129.
4.Singh, Trilochan (1967). Guru Tegh Bahadur, prophet and martyr: a biography. Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. p. 107.
5.Bloom, Jonathan (2009). The Grove encyclopedia of Islamic art and architecture, Volume 2. Oxford University Press. p. 258. ISBN 9780195309911.
6. Gyani Gian Singh, Twareekh Guru Khalsa, p.87.
7.Singh, Gurmukh (1995). Historical Sikh Shrines. Singh Bros. p. 109. ISBN 9788172051518.
8.Singh, Surinderjit (1999). The Masters & The Word Divine. Amritsar: B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh. p. 75. ISBN 8176013129.
9.Singh, Gurmukh (1995). Historical Sikh Shrines. Singh Bros. p. 109. ISBN 9788172051518.
10. Punitinder Kaur Sidhu, Gurdwara Baoli Sahib, Goindwal, Guru Nanak’s Blessed Trail (Punjab), Lonely Planet Global Limited, Punjab October 2019, Tarntaran, Tarntaran, pp. 36-37
11. Dhanna Singh Chehal, Gur Tirath Cycle Yatra, p. 304-305.
Fatehabad
Fatehabad village is located in Khadur Sahib tehsil of Tarn Taran district in Punjab, India. It is situated 8km away from Khadoor Sahib and 22 km away from Tarn Taran. As per 2009 stats, it has the gram panchayat. The total geographical area of village is 1237 hectares. Fatehabad has a total population of 8,860 peoples, in about 1,649 houses. According to Census 2011 the village code of Fatehabad village is 038265 and pincode is 143409. Patti is nearest town to Fatehabad village for all major economic activities. (1) [2] Fatehabad was once the capital of the Ahluwalia Misl prior to the shifting of the capital to Kapurthala. This town is older than Tarn Taran and Amritsar. It was originally a border fort that had a Ghaznavid garrison permanently stationed there, and is known to have existed from the time of Mahmud Ghaznavi, or even earlier. The name Fatehabad is believed to signify the victory of the Ahluwalia Misl against the Muslim governor of Fatehabad. It is believed Muhammad Ghori stationed his troops here and the town was turned into a kasba (town) which is a military encampment. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia born in 1718 was. He was the founder of Kapurthala State in 1772. In the year 1755, he had defeated Adina Beg, the Mughal Governor of Jullundur, and taken possession of Fatehabad. [3] The older town, which was of strategic importance, was frequently visited by the Mughals and the later rulers, the Mughals had constructed an Imperial Serai for the benefit of armies and caravans,[4] beside several other buildings, which are now in ruins following the destruction of the older town by the forces of the Mughal Ruler Jahangir. Fatehabad is also known as the place where the First Sikh Guru, Guru Nanak had penned the Gurbani in praise of Nature (kudrat) [5] This town is situated near Goindwal Sahib and Khadur Sahib, places connected with Guru Angad Dev and Guru Amar Das at a distance of 4 km from Khadur Sahib, tehsil headquarter of same name. The nearest railway stations to Fatehabad are Goindwal Sahib Railway station at a distance of 1.5 km [6]
Gurdwara Fatehabad , Tarntaran
Situated on the old Lahore-Delhi road, Fatehabad was home to a large number of heritage buildings, including imperial serais, but many of them have simply disappeared. Today even their ruins are non-existent. Fatehabad is probably much older than Amritsar and Tarn Taran. It is rich with Mughal and Sikh architecture, and blessed with the visits of Guru Nanak Dev and Guru Arjun Dev. It was Sher Shah Suri (1472-1545) who first linked Painam near Dhaka, now in Bangladesh, with Peshawar that was in Afghanistan until Maharajah Ranjit Singh annexed it by stitching together several existing roads. The entire road was finished during Akbar’s reign. Kos (1 kos is roughly 3 km) minars were built to show the way and after every 20 kos or so, a serai was built. Cubicles with verandahs for travellers to stay in were built along the walls. Even in these utilitarian serais, the Mughal rulers could not resist adding vast mosaic flourishes to gates. Mr Jagmohan Dayal Singh, a resident of the ancient town, says that a large number of serais existed during the early part of the 20th century. For the safety of the trade route, garrison was stationed at Fatehabad Fort since the times of Mahmood Ghazni. The imperial serai was built for night halt of Mughal armies and carvan. The Amritsar Gazetteer mentions that the serai at Fatehabad is also of the same design as that of Naurangabad, Serai Amanat Khan and Serai Noordin. During the Mughal period, the “Badshai Road” passed from Attari to Goindwal Sahib via Serai Amanat Khan, Noordi, Naurangabad and Fatehabad, all of which are situated in Tarn Taran district. The serais are almost of similar design and dimensions. These places virtually form fortified habitations, the whole population residing within the four walls of the serais that had two gates on the opposite sides. While the boundary walls of the majestic serai-cum- fort have been demolished by residents, only two ornamental gates and royal mosque could be saved. Many small mosques that dotted the ancient town (Fatehabad) have lost their existence. Many houses have mushroomed within the fort complex. The grand buildings with decorated walls, water tanks, wells and fountains surrounded by orchards once made this place the most beautiful place in the region. The inner and outer walls of the serai were sculptured with green and blue stones. The rest of the monuments with rotting doors and crumbling masonry present a sorry state of affairs. In fact, these monuments may collapse any time.
Now Fatehabad, with crumbling old havelis and alleys, still retains the pre-Partition mix of Sikh, Hindu and Muslim architectural styles. The fifth Sikh Guru frequented Fatehabad. The first Sikh Guru also visited this place and penned Gurbani in praise of nature. Mr Barinder Dyal Singh claims that Fatehabad had one of the oldest schools of the state established in 1870s. Earlier, it was a madrasa that was later converted into school by the British administration. The old building of the school has lost its existence now. Telling about the history of Fatehabad, Ms Meenu Sharma, a resident, claims that Fatehabad and its adjoining areas were once inhabited by the Khokhar tribe. According to “A glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province”, authored by Denzil Ibbetson in 1883, based on census report for Punjab: “It mentions the Khokhars in the Mohammadan historians of India as a tribe which resisted the invasion of Mahmood Ghazni with bare heads and feet armed with spears. These Khokhars had settlements on Beas and Sutlej, especially in the settlements of Varowal (about 12 kilometres from Fatehabad), Bharowal and Kaluwahan (now known as Kahnuwan in Gurdaspur district).
According to the account of writers of Mahmood Ghazni, the Khokhars were constant source of trouble for the Governor of Lahore appointed by Ghazni, and to control them, a fortress was constructed on the banks of Beas between Bharowal and Verowal, which was called Serai town of Fatehabad.
The name Fatehabad signified the sign of victory against the Khokhars. According to Griffin Lepel, the fortress of Fatehabad during the Sikh Misl period was besieged by the forces of Ahluwalia Misl under the command of Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. As the fort was quite strong, it held out for many days. Then the commander of the fort, on the condition of safe passage to Lahore for the entire garrison, decided to relinquish the fort to Ahluwalia forces. It remained the capital of Ahluwalia Misl until Nawab Fateh Singh shifted his base to Kapurthala due to the increasing power of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
The ancient town of Fatehabad is full of history. Mr Charnjit Singh, who is the direct descendant of General Attar Singh, a great Sikh warrior, said that after defeating the major rajas of the Indian subcontinent, the conditions were peaceful for Mohammad Ghauri, but in Punjab they were not satisfactory. In this region, the Khokhars, contemporaries of Mohammad Ghauri, used to rebel. So, Mohammad Ghauri came to this region to punish them. He let loose terror on the Khokhars by destroying and burning their strongholds near Lahore and on the banks of Beas.
The Muslim historians say that a few raiders who were Khokhars and had joined Mohammad Ghauri’s army in disguise attacked him and he was assassinated along with his three guards. Mohammad Ghauri was killed brutally. He had sustained 22 wounds on his body.
The ancient village of Fatehabad was completely destroyed by “shahi” (royal) forces of Emperor Jahangir for support given to Khusro by the local population. Later, the residents moved to Fatehabad Fort, reportedly built by Sher Shah Suri.
The Palace of Sardar Ahluwalia, called “Mai Deori” was sold recently and the purchasers have razed the great Sikh heritage to ground. The old and historical building of “Nanak Padao” has been razed and a new building has come up. This was the place where Maharaja Ranjit Singh had come to condole the death of Nawab Bhag Singh, father of Nawab Fateh Singh (nephew of Sardar Ahluwalia). Both Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Nawab Fateh Singh exchanged their turbans in this holy shrine. However, Fateh Singh developed differences with the Maharaja and he migrated to Kapurthala and made that town his capital. The 250-year-old haveli of General Rattan Singh that was later converted into the court by Sarkar Basant Singh (great-grandson of Gen Rattan Singh) has been given a new look. Now this building is the abode of Mr Charnjit Singh, Senior Vice-President of the Bhartiya Kisan Union. However, Mr Charnjit Singh, the direct descendant of Gen Attar Singh, possesses a “patta” (revenue deed), written in Persian script and signed by Nawab Bhag Singh, the first cousin of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. This deed that begins with “Akal Sahai”, signed on 1812 AD, reads, “With the grace of Almighty, the 22 villages from Jandiala to Harike are granted to Bibi Sahib (daughter of Nawab Bhag Singh) on the above-lined military conditions and will remain so until the above conditions are met.”
As per “The Rajas of Punjab” written by Griffin H Lepel, Under-Secretary, Government of Punjab, published in 1870, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia captured Raikot from the Pathans and Rajputs of Verowal in 1771 . Jassa Singh had two daughters, one of them was married to Raja Maha Singh of Fatehabad, and the second was married to Raja Amar Singh of Tnungwala, near Amritsar. The Samadh of Raja Mohan Singh, the walls of which are adorned with beautiful frescos, is in a dilapidated condition. The frescos have been plastered and have lost their elegance. Adina Beg, Subedar of Jalandhar, was defeated by Nawab Jassa Singh Ahluwalia near Khaddor Sahib and Fatehabad. Ahluwalia remained present at Fatehabad till his death. He liberated about 2200 innocent girls from the clutches of Ahmad Shah Abdali and handed them over to their parents and earned the name of “Bandi Chhor”. This incident happened near Goindwal Sahib. The daughter of Ahluwalia was married to one Mohan Singh, alias Mahan Singh, of Fatehabad whose house and samadh are still at Fatehabad. Ahluwalia’s cousin and blood sister of Nawab Bhag Singh was married to Gen Rattan Singh Bhar whose palace is still situated in Fatehabad. Hazoori Ram, who was the caretaker of the Samadh of Nawab Bhag Singh, had asked the Maharaja of Kapurthala to build a temple. Adjoining the temple is the samadh adorned with beautiful frescos of the Sikh School of Art. But today these frescoes are in bad condition. The temple has 1500-page hand-written granth in Gurmukhi script and Brij language. The granth, Satya Parkash, is written in Brij language, presumably by Pt Het Ram. It is dedicated to his Guru, Sant Gulab Dass. The index of the granth shows that the author had left the government job to serve his religious master.
Another interesting historical point is that “Khokhar” or “Khokar” (who once lived in this region) is a gotra of Jats found in Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. In Pakistan, the Khokhars are considered to be a Punjabi tribe. “Khokhar” is a derivative of “Kukar”. The Khokhars’ place of origin is believed to be Central Asia. They are considered to be descendants of Huns, who repeatedly attacked northern India. (9)
Gurudwara Sri Guru Nanak Padao Sahib Ftehabad is situated in the village Fatehbad district Tarn Taran. Sri Guru Nanak Dev ji came here along with Bhai Mardana and Bhai Bala during his first Udasi and stayed for some time. Seeing the natural beauty around Guru nanak sang “ Balihar Kudrat Vasia, terea Ant na jayee lakhia.”
ਦੁਖੁ ਦਾਰੂ ਸੁਖੁ ਰੋਗੁ ਭਇਆ ਜਾ ਸੁਖੁ ਤਾਮਿ ਨ ਹੋਈ ॥ ਤੂੰ ਕਰਤਾ ਕਰਣਾ ਮੈ ਨਾਹੀ ਜਾ ਹਉ ਕਰੀ ਨ ਹੋਈ ॥ 1 ॥ ਬਲਿਹਾਰੀ ਕੁਦਰਤਿ ਵਸਿਆ ॥ ਤੇਰਾ ਅੰਤੁ ਨ ਜਾਈ ਲਖਿਆ ॥ 1 ॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥ ਜਾਤਿ ਮਹਿ ਜੋਤਿ ਜੋਤਿ ਮਹਿ ਜਾਤਾ ਅਕਲ ਕਲਾ ਭਰਪੂਰਿ ਰਹਿਆ ॥ ਤੂੰ ਸਚਾ ਸਾਹਿਬੁ ਸਿਫਤਿ ਸੁਆਲਿੑਉ ਜਿਨਿ ਕੀਤੀ ਸੋ ਪਾਰਿ ਪਇਆ ॥ ਕਹੁ ਨਾਨਕ ਕਰਤੇ ਕੀਆ ਬਾਤਾ ਜੋ ਕਿਛੁ ਕਰਣਾ ਸੁ ਕਰਿ ਰਹਿਆ ॥ 2 ॥ (ਸਲੋਕੁ ਮਃ 1, ਪੰਨਾ 469)
Suffering is the medicine, and pleasure the disease, because where there is pleasure, there is no desire for God. You are the Creator Lord; I can do nothing. Even if I try, nothing happens. || 1 || I am a sacrifice to Your almighty creative power which is pervading everywhere. Your limits cannot be known. || 1 || Pause || Your Light is in Your creatures, and Your creatures are in Your Light; Your almighty power is pervading everywhere. You are the True Lord and Master; Your Praise is so beautiful. One who sings it, is carried across. Nanak speaks the stories of the Creator Lord; whatever He is to do, He does. || 2 || (Shalok, First Mehl: p.469)References
References
1.https://villageinfo.in/punjab/tarn-taran/khadur-sahib/fatehabad.html
2. Fatehabad (Tarn Taran)
3. Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey. Asian Educational Services. 2006. pp. 421–422. ISBN 9788120619654.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
4. Punjab District Courts
5. Fatehabad District Amritsar". Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
6."India Census 2011". Retrieved 7 November 2016.
7."India rail Info". Retrieved 7 November 2016.
8. Fatehabad, Punjab - Wikipedia
9. https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060713/aplus.htm#2
10 Punitinder Kaur Sidhu, Gurdwara Nanak Parao, Fatehabad, Guru Nanak’s Blessed Trail (Punjab), Lonely Planet Global Limited, Punjab October 2019, Tarntaran, pp. 34-35
Khadoor Sahib
Khadoor Sahib is a town in Tarn Taran district of the Majha region of Indian state of Punjab. The postal index number of Khadur Sahib is 143117.[3] As per 2011 Census of India, Khadur Sahib had 2,027 households and a population of 11,054 persons. In this town.[5][6] Khadoor Sahib is an extremely important place for Sikhs as it has been sanctified by visits from 8 of the Sikh Gurus, more than any other location. [1][2] Guru Nanak (1469-1439) meditated here where now Gurdwara Tapeana Sahib stands. Guru Nanak Sahib Ji is said to have visited Khadoor once to meet his Sikh, Bhai Jodha, a Khaira Jat. It was through Bhai Jodha's example that Bhai Lehna (later, Sri Guru Angad Sahib Ji) was led to seek Guru Nanak's precept. Guru Angad (1504–1552) moved the early Sikh community's centre from Kartarpur to Khadur after becoming the Guru due to opposition from Guru Nanak's sons after Guru Nanak having joined the eternal light. Guru Angad's father, Bhai Pheru, having left his ancestral village, Matte di Sarai (now known as Sarai Naga), when it was ransacked by the Mughals and Baloches. Bhai Pheru moved on from the temporary home at Harike and made Khadoor his home. Gurdwara Sri Darbar Sahib Khadoor was Sri Guru Angad Sahib Ji's home. Baba Pheru's sister Mai Bharai was already married in Khadoor. Her home was visited by Guru nanak dev Ji as well where Gurdwara Mai Bharai stands. Bhai Lehna, was married here in 1519. After the anointment of Bhai Lehna as Guru Angad Sahib Ji in 1539, following Guru Nanak's instructions, he returned to Khadoor, which became the centre of the Sikh faith. Guru Angad lived in Khadoor Sahib until his death in 1552. It was at Khadoor Sahib that Amar Das served him as a Sikh and was in turn himself anointed Sri Guru Amar Das Ji. (7) After Guru Angad, the community's headquarters was again moved by Guru Amar Das (1552–1574) to Goindwal Sahib due to challenges from Guru Angad's sons.[4] Guru Amar Das Ji served Guru Angad here for around 12 years, fetching water from the Beas near Goindwal every day. Sri Guru Ram Das Ji visited Khadoor Sahib while travelling from Goindwal Sahib to Guru Chak (Amritsar).Sri Guru Arjan Sahib Ji visited Khadoor Sahib while travelling from Goindwal Sahib to Amritsar.Sri Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji visited Khadoor Sahib with his family, after the marriage of his daughter Bibi Viro, on the way to Goindwal Sahib. Sri Guru Har Rai Sahib Ji visited Khadoor Sahib, with 2200 Sikh horse riders while travelling to Goindwal Sahib.Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji visited Khadoor Sahib after becoming Guru, ensuring that Sikh places were being properly maintained. The great philosopher Bhai Gurdas Ji also lived at Khadoor Sahib for some time.
There are 7 Historic Sikh Gurdwaras in Khadoor Sahib. These Gurdwaras are 1. Taapeana Sahib, 2. Mai Bharai Sahib. 3. Sri Darbar Sahib (Angeetha Sahib) wher Guru Angad brahed his last, 4. Tap Asthan Guru Angad Sahib where Guru Angad Dev ji meditated 5. Khaddi Sahib (Killa Sahib) where Guru Amardas Ji got stuck into and fell, 6. Mall Akhara Sahib where Guru Amardas Ji prepared Sikhs in wreestling 7. Bibi Amro da Khooh where Guru Angad’s daughter Bibi Amro’s hymn singing inspired Baba Amardas towards spiritual solace. All these Gurdwaras are managed by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee through a local committee. There is also a Sikh Ajaib Ghar (museum) with many historical paintings, manuscripts, hukumnamey, coins and documents about the development of Gurmukhi. Guru Angad ji was visited by Emperor Humayun and Guru Amardas was visited by Emperors Akbar in Khadoor Sahib.
Board showing history of gurdwaras at Khadoor Sahib
Tapeana Sahib (Khadoor Sahib)
According to local tradition, Gurdwara Sri Tapiana Sahib marks the site where Guru Nanak, accompanied by Bhai Bala and Bhai Mardana, preached to a gathering of Sikhs. It was here again that the events of Guru Nanak's life are said to have been recorded, in the form of a Janamsakhi. A small platform near the Gurdwara marks the spot where Bhai Bala's mortal remains were cremated.
Gurdwara Tapeana Sahib, Khadoor Sahib
Gurdwara Guru Nanak Dev ji is a furlong distance towards north from Village Khadoor Sahib. It is known as Tapiana Sahib. Guru Nanak came to this place thrice once while going from Kartarpur to Sultanpur Lodhi, According to Dhanna Singh Chehal a local legend goes that Bhai Lehna (later Guru Angad) met Guru Nanak here through Mai Vairagi (Bharai). Guru Nanak took him along with to Kartarpur. (Dhanna Singh, p. 308-309) (7). It was generally believed that this Gurdwara was called Tapiana Sahib because Guru Nanak dev ji was known as Nanak Tapa (Nanak the meditator). He used to sit under a people tree and meditate. Bhai Lehna (Guru Angad) came in to contact with Guru Nanak through Mai Vairagi. There is a pucca sarovar along with the Gurdwara. Guru Ji took Bhai Lehna from here to Kartarpur Sahib. (7). This reference however, is negated by later history which records that Bhai Lehna met Guru Nanak dev ji at Kartarpur Sahib while going for Vaishno Devi. Guru Angad also meditated here for 12 years and as the Second Guru guided his Sikhs from this place. Two Gurdwaras, one commemorating Guru Nanak’s visit and the other of Guru Angad are connected by a sarov ar. Other Gurdwaras include Gurdwara Mal Akhada, where Guru Amar Das observed the wrestlers preparing for wrestling. (9)
Gurudwara Tapiana Sahib is situated in the Khadur Sahib City, Taran Taaran Distt. Guru Nanak came to this place three times; first while going to Emnabad, second time while returning form Emnabad and third time, when he came along with Guru Angad. This place is called Tapeana Sahib because Guru Nanak did meditation (tap) here. It is also said that since Guru Nanak was known as Tapa, hence this place was named after him. Guru Nanak used to sit and meditate under a peepel tree here. He also used to sing hymns along with Bhai Bala and Bhai Mardana. Bhai Bala told the account of Guru Nanak’s life and travels to Guru Angad Dev Ji which was recorded by Bhai Paida Mokha and known as Janam Sakhi Bhai Bala, Here Bhai Bala breathed his last after taking permission from Guru Angad Dev Ji. Guru Angad Dev Ji performed his last rites with his own hands. The Manji and Samadh of Bhai Bala is also close to this Gurdwara. (8)
The Gurdwara comprises a square hall on a high plinth. The Guru Granth Sahib is seated on a canopied throne of white marble. A lotus dome with an ornamental gold plated pinnacle and an umbrella shaped finial tops the hall, which also has a square shaped domed kiosk above each of its corners. In front of the hall, in the middle of a one acre brick paved compound is the sarovar.
References
1. "Places of interest in Tarn Taran district". Tarn Taran district official website. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
2. "Gurudwara Shri Darbar Sahib, Khadoor Sahib". Retrieved 21 February 2020.
3. "Postal code of Khadur Sahib, Tarn Taran". Retrieved 21 February 2020.
4. Singh, Pashaura (3 April 2021). "Ideological basis in the formation of the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee and the Shiromani Akali Dal: exploring the concept of Guru-Panth". Sikh Formations. 17 (1–2): 3–4. doi:10.1080/17448727.2021.1873656. ISSN 1744-8727. S2CID 234146387. The second Guru, Angad (1504–1552), established a new Sikh center at his native village Khadur because Guru Nanak's sons made the legal claim as rightful heirs of their father's properties at Kartarpur. It confirmed an organizational principle – that the communal establishment at Kartarpur should not be considered a unique institution, but rather a model that could be cloned and imitated elsewhere. Similarly, the sons of Guru Angad inherited the establishment at Khadur, forcing his successor to move to Goindval ('City of Govind', an epithet of God) on the right bank of the river Beas.
5. "Khadur Sahib census details 2011". Census of India. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
6. District Census Handbook Tarn Taran 2011 - Village And Town Wise Primary Census Abstract.
7.Dhanna Singh Chehal, Gur Thirath Cycle Yatra, p. 308
8. Gurdwara Tapiana Sahib (Khadoor Sahib) - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia.
9.Punitinder Kaur Sidhu, Gurdwara Tapiana Sahib, Khadoor Sahib,, Guru Nanak’s Blessed Trail (Punjab), Lonely Planet Global Limited, Punjab October 2019, Tarntaran, pp.38-39
Gurdwara Mai Bharai Khadoor Sahib
Gurdwara Mai Bharai Khadoor Sahib
Mai Bharai waos the paternal aunt of Guru Angad Dev Ji. Gurdwara Mai Bharai is at the place where she used to live. Guru Angad stayed at this house for six months at Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s instructions. As per local tradition Guru Nanak dev ji called on Bhai Lehna (later Guru Angad Dev Ji) while he was residing at Mai Bharai’s place. When Bhai Lehna was pronounced as successor Guru Nanak Guru Nanak asked him to locate himself from Kartarpur to Khadoor sahib. Guru Angad Dev Ji came to Khadoor Sahib and locked himself in Mai Bharai’s home and meditated to complete his upcoming anointment. (1) On 7th September 1539, Guru Nanak assembled the Sikhs and then ordered his people to obey, and serve Angad (previously known as Bhai Lehna) with the same devotion with which they had served him. Guru Angad did not go to his own house and shut himself in a small room at Mai Bharai's house and locked the door from inside. The Sangats that went to Kartarpur to see the new Guru were led back to Khadoor Sahib by Baba Budha. Baba Budha, risking the Guru's displeasure, made a hole in one of the walls of the room in Mai Bharai's house. He bowed at the Guru's feet and announced how the Sikhs waited outside for a sight of him. Guru Angad came out of his temporary seclusion to meet the Sikhs. About 100 metres to the west of Gurdwara Sri Darbar Sahib is Gurdwara Mai Bharai Sahib where Mai Bharai's house once stood. This marks another site consecrated by Guru Nanak and Guru Angad. On Guru Nanak's arrival at Khadoor, he met Mai Bharai who looked him and Bhai Bala and Bhai Mardana. Mai Bharai was the Guru's paternal aunt (bhua). Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji came to Khadoor at least 3 times and would stay at Mai Bharai's house. According to Sikh chronicles, after Guru Angad arrived at Khadoor from Kartarpur, where Guru Nanak had anointed him his successor, he decided to go into undisturbed prayers and remembrance of God for some time. He stayed at Mai Bharai’s house in a room. Hence this place was blessed by two Gurus. Now Gurdwara Mai Bharai Sahib commemorates the stay of these Gurus at this place. The new building of Gurdwara Sri Mai Bharai Sahib, constructed during the 1980's, is a high ceilinged hall with a gallery. Its walls are lined with streaked marble slabs. The sanctum at the far end of the hall is topped by three storeys of square pavilions and a dome all covered with white glazed tiles. (1) (7)
References
1. Gurdwara Sri Mai Bharai Sahib | Discover Sikhism
2. Punitinder Kaur Sidhu, Gurdwara Mai Bhrai, Khadoor Sahib, Tarntaran, Guru Nanak’s Blessed Trail (Punjab), Lonely Planet Global Limited, Punjab October 2019, pp.42
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