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Language, Arts & Culture
Gurbani Vyakaran (Viyakaran, Vayakaran, Viakaran) - Punjabi Grammar
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<blockquote data-quote="Serjinder Singh" data-source="post: 176218" data-attributes="member: 13216"><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Waheguru ji ka khalsa<?"urn:<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite9" alt=":eek:" title="Eek! :eek:" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":eek:" />ffice<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite9" alt=":eek:" title="Eek! :eek:" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":eek:" />ffice" /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Waheguru ji ki fateh</span></p><p><o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />> </o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">As I had said in my first post on ‘Gurbani Vyakaran’ earlier, the linguistic character of Gurbani is not uniform. It depends on the cultural environment of the author Guruji ji in general, particularly at the time of creating specific compositions. This also depends on the geographical location at the time of creating a composition. For instance, the Farsi shabad I analysed earlier must have been composed and sung to a Farsi speaking audience, may be in Iran or western Afghanistan. Since, the Sangat or audience of first three Guru ji must have been predominently Panjabi speakers mainly from rural Panjab, the language content of the first three Guruji is predominantly Panjabi. However, the Sangat of fourth Guruji onwards began to expand to distant cities of India, the linguistic nature of audience began to have increasing proportion of non-Panjabi speakers. We know from the first hand account of Mohsin Fani, a P{censored}e writer who stayed at Kiratpur for two years with sixth Guru ji. He mentions that in India there is no large town where there isn’t any Sikh or Sikh Sangat of the Gurus.</span></p><p><o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />> </o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">As we see here in Japuji over 80% words of Panjabi. Contrast this with the writings of ninth Guru ji whose one of the Shabads I analysed earlier had only about 50% of Panjabi words. This is also due to the fact that ninth Guru ji spent many years in East India such as Bihar, Bengal and Assam where Panjabi alone would ‘t be helpful, Santbhasha or language of the Saints would be helpful.</span></p><p><o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />> </o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Given below is the analysis of Japuji vocabulary. </span></p><p><o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />> </o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />></p><p><strong><o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />> </o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Japuji Word Analysis</span></strong></p><p><o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />> </o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Total Number of Words + Punctuation Marks + Stanza Count data (<strong><span style="color: red">2539),</span></strong> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Total number of Punctuation marks and Stanza count figures (<span style="color: red">389</span>), </span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Total number of just words (<strong><span style="color: red">2150</span></strong>), </span></p><p><o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />> </o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Number of Panjabi words (<strong><span style="color: red">1754</span></strong><span style="color: red">,</span> <strong><span style="color: red">81.2%),</span> </strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Number of non-Panjabi Words (<strong><span style="color: red">396</span></strong>,<strong><span style="color: red">18.41%)</span></strong></span></p><p><o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />> </o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Breakdown of non-Panjabi Words:</span></p><p><o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />> </o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Santbhasha/Hindi (<span style="color: red">288, 13.4%)</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Arabic (<span style="color: red">75, 3.48%)</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Farsi (<span style="color: red">23, 1.06%)</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Sanskrit/Prakrit/Sahaskriti (<span style="color: red">10, 0.47%)</span></span></p><p><o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />> </o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Another important parameter in Gurbani analysis we must keep in mind is the total vocabulary in the composition. That is in a composition we might have some words mentioned only once and others repeated many times. Vocabulary estimate would be if we count a repeated word only once. This way in Japuji as given above the total number of words in the composition, is <span style="color: red">2150 </span>overall. However, if we count a word appearing several times as only once, then the number of words used in the composition, ie the vocabulary ins <strong><span style="color: red">1066.</span></strong> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">This is nearly half (<strong><span style="color: red">49.58%)</span></strong> of the total words in the composition.</span></p><p><o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />> </o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">This vocabulary percentage figure is an important parameter to gauge the creative originality of the author Guruji. In the case of Guru Nanak Dev ji overall in Guru Granth Sahib approaches overall in the range of 70%. This is a measure of the originality and extent interaction with Sikhs and Sangats with diverse linguistic backgrounds.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">The most frequent word in Japuji is the negative word ‘ </span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਨ</span><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'"> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">’ (repeated 66 times) others with the frequency given in parenthesis are, </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਨਾਨਕ</span><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'"> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">(28), </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਕੋ</span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'"> (24), </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਜੇ</span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'"> (23), </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਅਸੰਖ</span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'"> (22), </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਸੁਣਿਐ</span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'"> (20), </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਕਰਿ</span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'"> (18), </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਕੇਤੇ</span><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'"> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">(18), </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਜਾਣੈ</span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'"> (17) , </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਹੋਇ</span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'"> (17).</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'"><o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />> </o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Humbly</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">Serjinder Singh</span></span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Serjinder Singh, post: 176218, member: 13216"] [FONT=Calibri]Waheguru ji ka khalsa<?"urn::office:office" />[/FONT] [FONT=Calibri]Waheguru ji ki fateh[/FONT] <o:p>[FONT=Calibri] [/FONT]</o:p> [FONT=Calibri]As I had said in my first post on ‘Gurbani Vyakaran’ earlier, the linguistic character of Gurbani is not uniform. It depends on the cultural environment of the author Guruji ji in general, particularly at the time of creating specific compositions. This also depends on the geographical location at the time of creating a composition. For instance, the Farsi shabad I analysed earlier must have been composed and sung to a Farsi speaking audience, may be in Iran or western Afghanistan. Since, the Sangat or audience of first three Guru ji must have been predominently Panjabi speakers mainly from rural Panjab, the language content of the first three Guruji is predominantly Panjabi. However, the Sangat of fourth Guruji onwards began to expand to distant cities of India, the linguistic nature of audience began to have increasing proportion of non-Panjabi speakers. We know from the first hand account of Mohsin Fani, a P{censored}e writer who stayed at Kiratpur for two years with sixth Guru ji. He mentions that in India there is no large town where there isn’t any Sikh or Sikh Sangat of the Gurus.[/FONT] <o:p>[FONT=Calibri] [/FONT]</o:p> [FONT=Calibri]As we see here in Japuji over 80% words of Panjabi. Contrast this with the writings of ninth Guru ji whose one of the Shabads I analysed earlier had only about 50% of Panjabi words. This is also due to the fact that ninth Guru ji spent many years in East India such as Bihar, Bengal and Assam where Panjabi alone would ‘t be helpful, Santbhasha or language of the Saints would be helpful.[/FONT] <o:p>[FONT=Calibri] [/FONT]</o:p> [FONT=Calibri]Given below is the analysis of Japuji vocabulary. [/FONT] <o:p>[FONT=Calibri] [/FONT]</o:p> [B]<o:p>[FONT=Calibri] [/FONT]</o:p>[/B] [B][FONT=Calibri]Japuji Word Analysis[/FONT][/B] <o:p>[FONT=Calibri] [/FONT]</o:p> [FONT=Calibri]Total Number of Words + Punctuation Marks + Stanza Count data ([B][COLOR=red]2539),[/COLOR][/B] [/FONT] [FONT=Calibri]Total number of Punctuation marks and Stanza count figures ([COLOR=red]389[/COLOR]), [/FONT] [FONT=Calibri]Total number of just words ([B][COLOR=red]2150[/COLOR][/B]), [/FONT] <o:p>[FONT=Calibri] [/FONT]</o:p> [FONT=Calibri]Number of Panjabi words ([B][COLOR=red]1754[/COLOR][/B][COLOR=red],[/COLOR] [B][COLOR=red]81.2%),[/COLOR] [/B][/FONT] [FONT=Calibri]Number of non-Panjabi Words ([B][COLOR=red]396[/COLOR][/B],[B][COLOR=red]18.41%)[/COLOR][/B][/FONT] <o:p>[FONT=Calibri] [/FONT]</o:p> [FONT=Calibri]Breakdown of non-Panjabi Words:[/FONT] <o:p>[FONT=Calibri] [/FONT]</o:p> [FONT=Calibri]Santbhasha/Hindi ([COLOR=red]288, 13.4%)[/COLOR][/FONT] [FONT=Calibri]Arabic ([COLOR=red]75, 3.48%)[/COLOR][/FONT] [FONT=Calibri]Farsi ([COLOR=red]23, 1.06%)[/COLOR][/FONT] [FONT=Calibri]Sanskrit/Prakrit/Sahaskriti ([COLOR=red]10, 0.47%)[/COLOR][/FONT] <o:p>[FONT=Calibri] [/FONT]</o:p> [FONT=Calibri]Another important parameter in Gurbani analysis we must keep in mind is the total vocabulary in the composition. That is in a composition we might have some words mentioned only once and others repeated many times. Vocabulary estimate would be if we count a repeated word only once. This way in Japuji as given above the total number of words in the composition, is [COLOR=red]2150 [/COLOR]overall. However, if we count a word appearing several times as only once, then the number of words used in the composition, ie the vocabulary ins [B][COLOR=red]1066.[/COLOR][/B] [/FONT] [FONT=Calibri]This is nearly half ([B][COLOR=red]49.58%)[/COLOR][/B] of the total words in the composition.[/FONT] <o:p>[FONT=Calibri] [/FONT]</o:p> [FONT=Calibri]This vocabulary percentage figure is an important parameter to gauge the creative originality of the author Guruji. In the case of Guru Nanak Dev ji overall in Guru Granth Sahib approaches overall in the range of 70%. This is a measure of the originality and extent interaction with Sikhs and Sangats with diverse linguistic backgrounds.[/FONT] [FONT=Calibri]The most frequent word in Japuji is the negative word ‘ [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਨ[/FONT][FONT=Calibri][FONT=Raavi] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]’ (repeated 66 times) others with the frequency given in parenthesis are, [/FONT][/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਨਾਨਕ[/FONT][FONT=Calibri][FONT=Raavi] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi](28), [/FONT][/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਕੋ[/FONT][FONT=Raavi][FONT=Calibri] (24), [/FONT][/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਜੇ[/FONT][FONT=Raavi][FONT=Calibri] (23), [/FONT][/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਅਸੰਖ[/FONT][FONT=Raavi][FONT=Calibri] (22), [/FONT][/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਸੁਣਿਐ[/FONT][FONT=Raavi][FONT=Calibri] (20), [/FONT][/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਕਰਿ[/FONT][FONT=Raavi][FONT=Calibri] (18), [/FONT][/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਕੇਤੇ[/FONT][FONT=Calibri][FONT=Raavi] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi](18), [/FONT][/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਜਾਣੈ[/FONT][FONT=Raavi][FONT=Calibri] (17) , [/FONT][/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਹੋਇ[/FONT][FONT=Raavi][FONT=Calibri] (17).[/FONT][/FONT] [FONT=Raavi]<o:p>[FONT=Calibri] [/FONT]</o:p>[/FONT] [FONT=Raavi][FONT=Calibri]Humbly[/FONT][/FONT] [FONT=Raavi][FONT=Calibri]Serjinder Singh[/FONT][/FONT] [/QUOTE]
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Gurbani Vyakaran (Viyakaran, Vayakaran, Viakaran) - Punjabi Grammar
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