Consciousness as per West and East

[Dalvinder Singh Grewal]

Consciousness as per West and East

Dr. Dalvinder Singh Grewal

Prof Desh Bhagat University​

Self-realization and God-realisation are the spiritual aims of any meditator. In this consciousness plays a vital role. Knowing the Truth and the Ultimate Truth are the step taken through consciousness. Everyone is born with something within that lets him know the difference between right and wrong. It can be called inner voice, intellect, insight, conscience, awareness or intuition. They are all inter-related, but actually different. The inner voice can be looked at in many different aspects. A 'normal' person sees it as the little voice deep-within that keeps him on track whereas a person suffering from depression sees it as a critic pointing out every flaw. When you are alone and thinking about what to cook for dinner and you think cake sounds good that is the inner voice. It happens to us every day. Both the East and the West acknowledge this fact. However they describe it differently.

Western Thought:
Conscience Method of Self-Realization: Scientific Description by the West on Self-realization is through Consciousness, Intuition and Awareness. The truth seeker of the west feels that the conscience is the voice of the Self which says 'yes' or 'no' when one is involved in a moral struggle. It is the guiding voice within; it is how one distinguishes from right or wrong. Conscience tells you to behave in the right manner and reminds you of the consequences.

Scientifically, consciousness development can be considered in seven stages: 1. Pre-consciousness, 2. Consciousness, 3. Primate Consciousness, 4. Late Hominid Consciousness, 5. Self-Consciousness, 6. Communal Consciousness and 7. Super-consciousness

Pre-consciousness is the ability to respond to environmental stimuli. Pre-consciousness includes sensitivity to change (detection) response to change (behaviour) and adaptation by means of genetic mutation.

Consciousness is the ability to receive and store environmental stimuli, and to perform an intentional action based on the data. It involves learning, which is the ability to save and recall information, and to develop new behaviour in response to environmental change.

Primate consciousness forms a bridge between consciousness and self-consciousness. Primate consciousness includes all aspects of consciousness with the addition of: self-recognition, sign language, symbol manipulation, expanded memory and curiosity (the desire to know or learn).

Late hominid consciousness is an extension of primate consciousness. Habiline consciousness included mental sequencing of events and perhaps primitive use of language in the form of individual sound and symbol sequencing.

Self-consciousness is the ability to symbolically represent the environment and oneself. It is the ability to think, predict and invent. Homo Sapiens evolved increased brain size, a variety of stone tool making and use, a growing capacity for language, and complexity in the rules of kinship, taboo, obligation, and social standing.

Communal consciousness is group identity and awareness, which is characterized by a shared purpose. Specific elements of communal consciousness include signaling, mimicry, courtship, grouping, synchronous behavior, social exchange, cooperation, altruism, empathy, reciprocity, cultural exchange, and distal storage. Communal consciousness applies to all other categories of consciousness.

Super-consciousness: Super-consciousness is consciousness of the future. Super-consciousness may result from the evolution of self-consciousness, including the transfer of self-consciousness from human beings to human-made systems. The evolution of self-consciousness to super-consciousness may lead to the creation of a new species. A new species, which is super-conscious, may evolve from the genetic modification of an existing brain/mind (leading to a more complex self-consciousness), a first-generation genetically engineered brain/mind, a machine intelligent brain/mind (robot or supercomputer), a symbiotic relationship between human and machine. In addition, large interactive systems on the scale of planets, stars or galaxies may evolve a form of communal super-consciousness characterized by a grand network of symbiotic interconnections. In part, the human journey consists in the continual expansion, refinement, and heightening of consciousness in response to the challenges and opportunities of daily life. Over a series of many lifetimes, the ordinary human rises, step by step, from the limitations of narrow self-centeredness to the exalted heights of universal love and compassion. "We can only speculate on the potential of the expansion of consciousness. We are told that there are great beings that contain within their consciousness entire solar systems and even galaxies and beyond. In some distant future, we may have such vast reaches of awareness ourselves. The contemplation of the starry sky gives some sense of the potential vastness of consciousness."[1]

"Universal" means good for everybody, all the time. The sub-atomic universe - i.e., the world at a level where smallness causes space-time to stop being solid matter; instead becoming a fantastic bubbling of black-holes and super-string micro-bridges - an infinitesimal web of filaments of "Light". At higher energy configurations, the sorcerers of yore discovered, all is a dreamscape; a single super-consciousness. The physical world's building block is "pure energy". The universe is a ceaseless agitation of consciousness - a constant flow of Mind. The material world is constructed of soapsuds wherein each bubble occupies a unique region of space, where everything occupies a unique cell in a Master Mind. At subatomic levels, reality is Light as universal energy is churned into bubbles of matter from inside out. Each bubble is created from awareness itself - i.e. pure intelligence that exists independently in that fraction of space and for that fraction of time before reconnecting with all in the "nothingness" (i.e. before time). As described by mystics, saints and near-deathers from time immemorial, God is Light, and the Light is configured as bubbles, spheres. Each sphere is linked to all others by sharing an inside - an Absolute Center.

2. Intuitive Method of Self-realization:

Intuition is defined as the quick perception of truth or knowledge without conscious attention or reasoning, that which is perceived intuitively.[2] A clear and direct knowing from within, also referred to as a hunch, a gut feeling, a gut response, and even luck. Intuition is a knowing-ness that comes without explanation as to how or why. It is a right brain function involving extra sensory perception. (ESP) but much broader it functions on physical, emotional, mental and spiritual levels. Each individual experiences intuition differently. There may be physical sensations such as tingling of the skin or a feeling of lead in the stomach, clair-audient or inner voices. Seemingly inexplicable attractions or aversions to newly met people, inspirational solutions to problems, feeling of closeness to god or the divine force, mental imagery or clues from the environment such as circumstances that alter plans.

Some definitions of intuition include visions, as well as the transmission of information from spirit guides or entities, though these broad definitions may be disputed by some.

According to Michelle L. Casto, intuition is an incredible resource and gift that we have been given to help us live our best life. Unfortunately, not many people know what it is or how to use it. The word intuition means "in to you" in Latin. Florence Scovel, a theologian, once said, "Intuition is the spiritual faculty that doesn't explain; it seemingly points the way." It has also been said that intuition is your divine spirit talking to you. If you will stop for a moment and acknowledge this, you will begin to realize the incredible perspective you have at your fingertips. You have this very amazing power! And you don't even have to get any special training to start using it. All you need to do is to raise your awareness about it and set your intention to harness it.

Intuitive messages range from inkling to a strong sign or message. Your inner self is persistent and consistent. It will keep trying to get your attention until you finally wise up! Inkling is like a glimmer or passing feeling/ thought that comes from somewhere inside and usually proceeds a hunch or intuitive message. A "hunch" is accurate information from a higher intelligence; therefore, you can rely on it. An intuitive message ranges from hearing actual words, seeing a clear picture, or a deep inner knowing. Some people experience intuition as a feeling, others a gut reaction, others will see images or have a dream, others hear an actual message. Become familiar with how your inner self communicates with you. Once you receive the message, check it out with your research and common.[3]

You can further develop your intuitive guidance by preparing yourself by gathering the necessary information and experiences to provide more of an opportunity for your intuition to surface. Intuition cannot be forced; you need to allow it. After loading up your mind with information about the issue, give your intuition time to work on it. And then become open to the answer. You will likely experience an "Aha" moment, which is a moment of instant awareness, where the answer sprouts from "out of the blue."

If you have an important decision to make and are not 100% sure about something happening, stop and think before making a decision. Usually this is your intuition trying to tell you that something is not quite right. Likewise, if you feel that you should go for it, do it, so you don't miss a valuable opportunity.

Intuition is your very own best friend. It is always there for you. It waits patiently for you. It gives the absolute best advice, and all you have to do is ask! Like any good friendship, all it takes to nurture it is a little time and attention. If you decide to be close and intimate with your intuition, I promise that your life will transform into something wonderful.

In her studies of ESP, American Para-psychologist Louisa Rhine identifies intuition as one of four forms in which ESP messages enter the consciousness. The other three are hallucination (aspirations), realistic dreams and unrealistic (highly symbolic) dreams. An estimated 30 percent of ESP messages come through intuition, and concern both events happening at the moment as well as the impressions about the future. Rhine specifically excluded hallucinations from intuition, but said that hallucinations can accompany intuition.

Intuition is highly active in children and adolescents, but by adulthood often becomes repressed in favour of left brain, analytic thinking. Yet it invariably proves to be right. ESP studies of business executives have shown that highly successful executives have a stronger sense of intuition and rely upon it more than others who are less successful individuals. Individuals in the creative arts, who give freer reign to fantasy and imagination, also tend to be highly intuitive. Intuition is integral part of all forms of deviation and psychic consultation.

All individuals possess intuition though some are more highly developed intuitively than others are. The more a person recognizes and acts upon intuition, the stronger it becomes. An individual may cultivate and strengthen intuition by paying closer attention to whole body responses to information people and situations by relaxing both body and mind through diet, exercise, yoga, Meditation and prayer by working with dreams and by becoming attuned to spiritual forces. Intuition also develops in close personal relationships. Edgar Cayce, who lived in a constant flow of intuition, said one must know his self to be close to the maker, and should trust what comes from within. He felt meditation to be the best way to self-realization and getting closer to the Lord.

Carl G. Jung described intuition in psychological types (1923) as a perception of realities which are not known to the consciousness and which go via the unconscious. Intuition, he said, is not merely a perception, but a creative process with the capacity to inspire. Intellect requires intuition for maximum performance and dream symbols cannot be interpreted without intuition and imagination.

Jung said human beings orient themselves to the world with four functions sensation, feeling, thinking and intuition, the latter of which gives information about both future possibilities and the atmosphere surrounding all experiences archetypes are inborn forms of intuition. Jung used these four types to classify the psychological types. He described extroverted intuitive types as natural risk takers who tend to have little respect for custom, law, or the feelings of others they squander their energies and live in the world of reality. Introverted intuitive types tend to be artists, mystics, seers, and prophets and live with the collective unconscious they may seem strange and odd to others.

According to William Kautz, founder (1979) director of the Centre for Applied Intuition in San Francisco, intuitive information comes from the super-conscious mind. To reach the conscious mind, it must travel through the subconscious, where it may be distorted by fears, memories, and impressions stored there. By cultivating intuitive growth through processes previously mentioned, the sub conscious obstacles can be reduced or eliminated.

Environmental factors can enhance or inhibit intuition. An ideal intuition stimulating room is painted light green aqua, or chartreuse, lit with natural sunlight and warmed to between 70 - 73 degrees Fahrenheit with humidity between 60 - 70 percent. Music aids receptivity to intuition by stimulating a relaxed state triggering memories and causing right and left brain hemispheres to work in greater unity. The presence of plants helps to keep air clean of irritating pollutants.

Psychiatrist Roberto Assagioli founder of psychosynthesis, a transpersonal psychology, said only intuition gives a true psychological understanding of oneself and others in an immediate and holistic sort of way. Assagioli distinguished between day to day intuition and spiritual intuition. He said using the will to quiet the mind might activate intuition.

Intuition, along with other psychic skills, has been applied on an increasing basis since the early 1970s to a wide range of scientific and business endeavours. Kautz developed a technique called intuitive consensus in which highly skilled channelers and psychics are given questions related to problems or situation. The information is validated as much as possible by empirical methods. The process has been shown to be effective and saves time and money over traditional methods of validating hypotheses. The Stanford Research Institute of San Francisco (SRI) and the Mobius Group of Los Angeles have employed similar programmes in California. The importance of intuition in the business world also has received greater recognition since the 1970s as a vital tool to complete and to assess an ever-increasing flood of data.

Insight attained through meditation is the best way to self-realisation. Insight consists of intuition + intellect where intuition is ‘the faculty of knowing as if by instinct without conscious reasoning’, intellect is ‘the ability to learn, reason, and understand’, and the insight is the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation; penetration.’

How can we blend our intellect and our insight? This is sometimes phrased as ‘making the heart and mind work together.’ Thus, we really are facing a time when we are coming to grips with seeking to find ways to ‘re-wire’ our intellectual mechanics in order to bridge the gap between our ability to ‘reason’ and our ability to ‘envision.’ This is actually quite an opportunity because both our intellect and our intuition, when properly understood and used, offer us insight.

Essentially, this points to connecting our emotional, intuitive, visionary ability with our intellectual, reasoning, and mental abilities through a series of sharp and blinding insights that may at times seem overwhelming and even frightening. But this will offer us remarkable opportunities to understand our individual situations as never before. Rather than living lives seemingly clouded by doubt and confusion, many may finally understand what their lives are about in a brand new way as if they can finally see a road in front of them, instead of stumbling blindly forward day after day seemingly in the dark.

It will be more important to understand that our perceptions are changing rather than to believe that what we see is really all that new. Nonetheless, our ability to perceive a situation will doubtlessly change the situation itself as we evolve in understanding.

3. Self Awareness;
Awareness has form, a universe of living intelligence, a unified field of oscillating Light and Life. Our latest sciences concur this. The very big and the very small - i.e. general relativity and quantum mechanics - are linked in a fundamental unit called Planck's length. It is the same as the geometrical mean of Compton's wavelength and Einstein's gravitational radius. It is expressed as [1 = square root - hf/c] and measures about [10-33 ] centimeter. Beyond this, the physical forces become a unified 10 dimensional "hyper-space". Pure "awareness" is perceived in the fifth dimension. The Primal Fire of creation is present and concentrated at the center of each human "noesphere" and then learned how to access this infinite intelligence by aligning themselves with the fifth dimension and co-created reality. The Force, power and vitality are:
Energy contained = Force
Force focused = Power
Power - Obstruction = Vitality

Awareness, Super-consciousness and Transmigration:
Legends say that the Ancient people learned to transmigrate from this world to an "other" without knowing death. Humans are created of fibers of awareness, of sacred "Light" (Ku). They also found that every point in the space-time continuum is an energetic oscillation of that Light. It is a morphic intelligence. "Assemblages" of its oscillation are amassed into individual spheres of intelligence by space-time itself. Concentrations (Hunab Ku) of that sacred awareness amass at the center of every sphere by gravitation and extend to its limit, its circumference, where it dissolves through subtleties.

The Ancient people also realized that 'human perception is limited by a personal sphere of consciousness' and they left behind "neo physics" to explain how all this works.
Thinking "assembles" a personal sphere of « consciousness ». « I am » within my world: a sphere of conscious and subconscious awareness, that's within a large sphere, a universal or «collective unconscious » awareness, which is within an even larger field of Super-conscious awareness - the creating spirit. Energy is "assembled" as an informational hierarchy - from material density to ever more subtle fields of « creating intelligence ».

Higher complexity human forms are stimulated by light via the pineal gland, which then directs the pituitary gland to regulate the rest of the endocrine / immune system. These glands release hormones into the blood-stream which reaches the brain and selects "neuro-transmitters" that determine our moods and "appropriate pathways" in our mind. Mind then releases "awareness" into its sphere of consciousness. Thus it can be understood that "mood" assembles awareness into relative intelligence.

Personal intelligence is "emotionally" extracted from infinite potential. Master Mind (as conscious, subconscious, unconscious and Super-conscious realms of awareness) is that whole field of energy from which our brains draw awareness and into which our "thinking" deposits awareness.

“I AM” a biological body, a molecular form, an atomic and sub-atomic structure, then primal energy, an electromagnetic field of resonant Light - i.e. I am energy in motion; e-motion is an electro-chemical charge that magnetically contains "awareness" into a personal noesphere.
Our paradigms - the neurological patterns in our brains - fill our noespheres with images. Our noespheres are so pervasive that they are largely ignored even while influencing what we believe and think. We interface with the larger world through our bubbles, largely unaware how they limit, what we perceive. The "mind" is merely an interpretation of certain frequencies of electromagnetic awareness.

Every one of us has an incredibly creative potential but we probably don't see it that way. Perception is limited because we live in a world of paradigms; there's a whole new language to deal with that realization. While described by many (Thomas Kuhn, Marilyn Ferguson, Joel Barker, Steven Covey, et al) and Suzy demystify the 4 ways paradigms are manifest in the collective consciousness: These are reactive, proactive, creative and magical ways of seeing things, i.e. of perceiving and relating to the world.

Reactive Habits: Paradigm 1.
"I am - ego" the mind as a "noe-sphere": a sphere of habitual awareness surrounded by an infinite potential.

Ego=Knowledge (left-brain) + Experience (right-brain) + Desire (spinal)

From conception, we are organizing and assembling "awareness". Research shows that during pre-natal periods we are actually "moulded" by our genetic awareness. Then from birth on, significant others and the environment apply pressure (often called nurture) to the mould and we adapt to those social definitions.​

During childhood and adolescence the mould is modified hormonally and by circumstance. By young adulthood peer pressure and self-esteem have modified it even more and then at mid-life a sense of "I" might take an interest in the idea that "my awareness is shaping my destiny" or the more common « knowledge is power ».



At mid-life transition many people question themselves to find answers that may alter their subjective mould; great trauma or loss will also bring alterations - and reflections. By mature adulthood, an "I" might have finally taken responsibility for his or her mould and learned how to shape a "happily ever after" life and afterlife.



Many will never awaken or stop along the way to realize the effect of paradigm.



There is evolutionary growth. Paradigm-shifting allows a sense "self" to emerge and claim "individuality" and develop creativity. Individuals can move on into infinity. Individual noe-spheres can discover they belong to a larger field of consciousness, which is infinite, invisible and "spiritual"- a self-organizing Super-consciousness.



This realization can, over time, modify their sphere of awareness in response to their will and direction. But it will not impose. The « larger awareness » will give willful participants access to a far greater "flow" of intelligence, and greater frequency of "aha"; but anyone can resist.



Minds can expand to overlap a higher awareness; humans become more intelligent or not by learning new rules and discovering the direct relationship between mood and mind. We can learn to will specific moods, which select the hormones that release the chemical transmitters that align neuro-pathways that allow consciousness to interact with one's own brain in a select way. Interacting with higher intelligence can be learned, but in simplest terms, wisdom gleaned from understanding can follow consciously selected experience. Left-brain result management and right-brain process orientation become a whole-brain experience of creative self-management; unifying behavior therapy research shows how planning experiences to enact and learn from. It is in fact a form of "ritual magic".

Imagine yourself inside a bubble of awareness, which is moulding your personality and choosing your behaviour. Mood then ultimately shapes body, health and wellness. Have a glass of cold water when tired and feel your brain chemistry and mood change.

Mood sets reality. Whatever a person thinks is true IS TRUE - or soon will become true. For that person, depending on the mood, mood tunes one into the sphere of awareness attracted by the emotional charges related to that mood.

Imagine the noe-sphere fed from three sources sharing a center. The zone nearest the center of the noe-sphere represents those habits that mould the persona - i.e. those habitual patterns etched by the reflex circuits and the neural-nets used most often. The habit zone includes all our usual awareness - knowledge, experience and desire - and emotional ranges, thoughts, beliefs, hopes and memories of actions, our limits. The zones furthest from center relate to our potential.

The left-brain hemisphere manages the knowledge segment of a noe-sphere. This directs all acquired information. Everything we ever learned about "out-there" is for our conscious examination; much of the knowledge we acquire is available as memory. Some is buried in areas called the sub- or unconscious mind, some is just buried in body. Some of our memories are genetic, some are eidetic, all are morphic or of dreamlike quality. They can be short term, long term or universal. Some prove difficult to remember and others come easily, or even uninvited. Some are awful and others are awesome. We experience the knowledge from our minds and our memories as "ours". We make it personal.

A second part of the noe-sphere deals with our experience, i.e. "how" we perceive our world - the neurological context. How is information from "I" inputs and outputs managed by the right-brain hemisphere? Our experience of world has a lot to do with "how" biological processes are monitored "in-here". The how has to do with reflex. Even if there's no objective warrant for fear, some experience it anyway; aggressors are aggressive - often when they don't want to remember push-overs, get trod on, the brave wink courage, etc…. We can only experience one mood at a time though; and can always experience love. With practice it too can become reflex.

The noe-sphere's third segment - desire - explains our physiological response to survival and other instincts; it is managed by the endocrine/immune system, which runs along the spine, and by the central nervous system. These sympathetic and parasympathetic networks manage "soul" or "subjective will", i.e. one's motion - motivation in the world, our energy-in-motion emotion.

A noe-sphere reacts to "outside" based on its management of "inside" -ð its sphere of awareness = knowledge, experience and desire. Most noe-spheres react in habitual ways - reflexes. We don't always and we don't have to. Anyone can shift paradigms by becoming " proactive " and doing something about undesired reactions. Anyone can evolve and overcome limits.

Proactive Attitudes- Paradigm 2.

We can learn creative processes. Thinking tools will help anyone become more creatively intelligent by allowing them to connect old information - from neurological pathways releasing awareness - in new ways. Shifting awareness into a different paradigm modifies the human mould. A noe-sphere can be modified in terms of its content (memories) and its context (how memories are used).

Changing one's mind is tricky - we can't really reduce the brain (see the movie "One flew over the cuckoo's nest") nor force the mind to change (see "The Manchurian Candidate") without breaking it; the only way to change the mind is to ADD new links to brain.

To knowledge, of strategy to experience and of motivation to desire A proactive attitude is the only requirement to becoming more intelligent - add a creative strategy to experience. Anyone who's ever changed a habit can appreciate how pursuing a quality of life might require a few effective strategies.

Because most human function in stimulus/reaction programs, proactive individuals will learn all about motivation, separate their reactive desires from real needs; and then we proceed to logically fill those needs.

A proactive attitude means evolving a more dominant personality to some extent. Learning to fix and meet concrete goals requires psyche power; meditation, contemplation and a few yogic exercises will help with most needed changes.

Soon the noe-sphere has expanded and the proactive attitude is transforming a old reactive mould; now accumulated memories are seen through a creative filter, allowing strategies to facilitate a joyful experience of life and the motivation to fulfill needs. Liberated from reactive patterns, a proactive paradigm can choose between old a new:

Creative Passion - Paradigm 3:
Creativity begins with choosing to change habitual ways of seeing. A few templates like abstract thinking, lateral thinking, mind-mapping and other tools allow new and different neuro-pathways to be experienced and old potential to be seen in new ways-abstractly and flexibly.

Knowledge + Creative process = Creative intelligence.

A self-empowered attitude finds the most creative way to link knowledge into intelligence. The roman philosopher Cicero coined the word from - inter legencia - Latin meaning "links between". Intelligence is then how we link ideas into concepts. Adding a "creative intent" and a couple of thinking tools to old ways of seeing can transform memories into higher intelligence.​

Soon you will be having realizations all over the place.

Experience + Strategy = Wisdom.



A proactive paradigm learns to shape the future - i.e. instead of reacting in habitual ways, become a better thinker and more wisely realize yourself. Habits will fall to empowered attitudes. Create destiny by literally "changing your mind" and adopting an effective strategy.

Desire + Motivation = Will.​

Transform desires by fulfilling needs. Claim individuality and its resulting evolution. The most creative act of all is realizing there are no limits to the process: The more you will a better world that reflects a more creative vision, the more creative your vision. Motivation has to do with movement and motives. Power is result of the process. Imagine the emerging worldview: Noesphere purposely expanded: Mind expansion - life extension - light-migration ; when the core reality is "personal power" .

​

The Magical Power: Paradigm 4 - You have mastered your mind - creative intelligence - and now realize your full potential: "Mind Expansion". Brain neuro-pathways are limited to the past. Consciousness illuminates a present wherein we co-create the future paradise on earth.



As you appropriate wisdom, consider "Life Extension" in terms of personal health, wellness and long term survival. The continuum even allows for immortality musings. Actualize the « creative intent » of universe; ascend into a spiritual oneness with Infinity.


radigm 4 is about personal power and sacred magic, i.e. creativity applied to the "idea of good".
The paradigmatic view of things suggests that a Limitless Oscillating Vibrational Energy (L.O.V.E.) is creating the universe in response an infinite awareness. Where we participate in. That awareness is determined by the radiance of our noesphere (the size of our "aura").

Paradigm 1 + Paradigm 2 = Paradigm 3 -> Paradigm 4.

Reactive Habit + Proactive Attitude = Creative Passion -> Magical Power

This is how the true knowledge is gained by expanding personal experience in magnitude of Light of Soul as per the western spiritual technologists.

Thus the Western thought process of attaining enlightenment involves super-consciousness, intuition and self-awareness through which one can even achieve magical powers and perform miracles. However the final stage is of salvation which is achieved through self-enlightenment or enlightenment of the soul with the light of the Lord. Knowledge is essential while practice based on the knowledge is the process of achieving various stages of enlightenment. The truth lies only in the final enlightenment.

The Eastern Thought
The Eastern thought process for finding truth is also through self-realization; while self-realisation is through Meditation (Bhakti). The Vedic dictum aham Brahma asmi, that is, I am Brahm, signifies that the individual being (jeev) is qualitatively the same as Brahm because his consciousness and intelligence, though of limited potential, are derived from Chitakaash, the consciousness of Brahm. The material substance of his body are produced from the aakaash, which is the body of Brahm; and his soul being a state of aakaash is as eternal as Brahman. Thaththwam-asi. ‘That thou Art’ are the second Vedic aphorism, that means that the individual being is Brahm, for the reasons given above,
Ardhrajwalithajyothirahamasmi.
Jyothirjwalathi brahmaahamasmi. (Mahanarayanopanishad)

"I am the light of the fluid (substratum). I am the effulgent Brahm". The identity of the jiva with Brahm and self-effulgent nature of Brahm is revealed above.

"Prajnanam Brahma" follows from the very definition of Chit in Sat-Chit-Ananda, which means Vigyan or supreme knowledge Vigyan, the super knowledge that confers perfect equanimity and purity; in fact is the Atmagyan, which can be experienced by one and all. In common parlance, Vigynan is used to indicate the science, but in reality it means the higher wisdom".

"This Atma is Brahm", is the fourth Vedic dictum that reveals that the soul of the jeev, which is a characteristic state of aakaash, is Brahm qualitatively for the reasons given in the first Vedic Dictum, "I am Brahm".

"Ishavasyamidam Sarvam", says Ishopanishad. The one reality of aakaash, the body of Brahm is all that exists. Hence all this visible and invisible nature is pervaded by God, or is itself God with regard to its substantial reality.
"In the beginning all this universe was non-existent and un-manifest from which this manifest existence was born. Itself created itself. None other created it". - (Taittiriyopanishad).

Akoham bahusyam : "I am one, should become many". Brahm, the One, with the body of aakaash, churned himself to create the cosmic worlds so as to become many, or to assume many forms. "He became knowledge, and He became ignorance. He became truth, and He became falsehood": (Taittiriyopanishad). The Nirvikar Brahm developed vikar and this happened due to the creation of cosmic matter within Brahm from the energy of Brahm and from the Will of Brahm.

Fundamental matter, as said before, is the vortex of aakaash spinning at light speed such that the center of the vortex within a sub-micro region breaks down creating a zone of void or non- existence of aakaash there. Thus the Sat that is aakaash of Brahm becomes Asat, that is, non-existence at the center of the vortex of basic material particles. Matter therefore, is a combination of Sat - Asat, truth - falsity, aakaash - void, continuity - discontinuity, reality - non-reality, permanence - impermanence. The forms of cosmic matter are non-realities superimposed on the basic substratum (aakaash) of reality, and this illusionary aspect of nature is Maya.

The omnipresence and omnipotence of God as proclaimed by the seers and sages makes God the basic Substratum which can generate from itself cosmic matter, fields of matter, and energy for the working of the universe of invisible space and visible manifestations of material bodies.: "Like bubbles in water the worlds rise, exist and dissolve in Supreme self (Parmeswara) which is the material cause and the support of everything". This is the highest spiritual truth as regards the origin of the universal energy for the generation of cosmic matter and their harmonious movements.[4]

For Science to reach the above conclusion, it must first develop to that stage where it can have a grasp of the physical nature of the fundamental state of universal energy and the processes of its transformation into different states such as kinetic, gravitational, electromagnetic and nuclear. The discovery of the fundamental field, which can create the fields pertaining to each form of energy is also a related issue needing exploration to the deepest level. Equally important is the knowledge of the physical aspects of conversion of universal energy into the fundamental particle or particles of matter, which can further aggregate into cosmic matter. Since the understanding of the above fundamental phenomena of energy, matter and fields of matter, their generation and inter-conversions have not yet been fully gained, current scientific knowledge can at best point towards the great Unity rather than reaching the same through positive conclusions.

That matter and energy are inter-convertible is quantitatively well proven by modern science. So also the distinction between matter and field of matter has disappeared; matter, field and energy are now generally taken to mean the same entity. Such conclusions though pointing towards some underlying unity that may exist at the base of matter, energy and fields, fail to reveal their basic physical nature, or their relationship with the underlying unity in regard to their generation and maintenance. In the absence of adequate knowledge of the physical aspects of basic quantities like mass, charge, field and energy that lie at the foundation of the current physical theories, and also absence of a universal theory that can unify these basic phenomena, a serious doubt arises whether the quantities presently considered fundamental are truly fundamental and not reducible to any other more basic entities. It is apparent that current physics shall revise its concepts on space and matter through an alternate approach, which will not only successfully overcome the obstacles to the present theories but also reveal the underlying unity in its bare form.
The point in question can be better made though a concrete example. An electron shows the behavior of a universal unit of charge and the smallest mass among stable particles. Its electrostatic field falls inversely as the square of the distance from the center. A question arises whether the electrostatic field varies continuously up to the electron center or if there is a discontinuity around the center within an ultra-small field-less zone. If the continuity of the field all the way up to the center is supposed, the electrostatic field of electron should possess an infinite amount of energy, which is an impossible proposition that presents a great problem of the modern theory of the electron. If however, a field-less zone at the electron center in an ultra-small region is supposed, a new and hitherto unknown medium of field-less-void is to be incorporated in the physical theory of electron structure; it would bring about radical changes in our current concepts of space and matter avoiding the difficulty of infinite energy in the electrostatic field of an electron.

The concept of field-less-void is unprecedented in physics because the absolute vacuum is presently considered to be the most basic state of space, which can sustain and transmit all kinds of fields. The absolute space itself when devoid of matter and fields is presently considered to be empty and void. Whereas the field-less void proposed above is that state of absolute vacuum which an electron center has broken down into an ultra-small spherical volume and which can neither generate nor transmit any field through it since the absolute vacuum is non-existent within the void. The field-less-void can possess no positive energy, as energy cannot be located without field. With the centrally located void and the fields emanating from its spherical boundary spreading in the whole of universal space, the behavior of mass, inertia, charge and field of electron are indeed explainable and thus the absoluteness of space can be re-established in physical theories of space and matter.

With this model, the modern view of energy distribution of the electron center in highly condensed form, and real fields in empty space, is reversed to energy-less field-less-void constitution of the electron and dynamic space of absolute reality which generates fields as its own modes of motion, acceleration, energization and de-energization. The only medium of reality then becomes the absolute space (absolute vacuum) - the Aakaash - which generates matter like bubbles in water. The import of spirituality shall become evident through scientific logic as well, but only after the recognition of the void at the heart of fundamental matter and ever full Aakaash (space) in which the Principle of Vishnu resides. All the manifested worlds of things and beings are projected by imagination upon the substratum which is the eternal all pervading, Vishnu, whose nature is existence-intelligence, just as different ornaments can all be made out of the same gold.

The void structure of the electron is also supported by the clairvoyant observations recorded in the book Occult Chemistry by Annie Besant and C.W. Lead-beater. "These units are all alike, spherical and absolutely simple in construction. Though they are the basis of all matter, they are not themselves matter, they are not blocks but bubbles...Just as bubbles are not water but are precisely the spots from which water is absent, so these units are not koilon but the absence of koilon - the only spots where it is not - specks of nothingness floating in it, so to speak, for the interior of these space-bubbles is an absolute void to the highest power of vision that we can turn upon them.... The worlds are built out of these voids, these emptiness."

H. P. Blavatsky wrote in the 1880s on Aakaash in relation to matter as follows in The Secret Doctrine, I. 78th, "Whatever the views of Physical Science upon the subject, Occult Science has been teaching for ages that aakaash (of which Ether is the grossest form), the Fifth universal cosmic Principle – to which corresponds and from which proceeds human Manas – is, cosmically, a radiant, cool, diathermanous, plastic matter, creative in its physical nature, correlative in its grossest aspects and portions, immutable in its higher principles." In "H.P. Blavatsky Collected Writings," VI, 124-126 we find, "Before closing, a word about the ’passage’ of matter through matter. Matter may be defined as condensed Aakaash (Ether); and in atomizing, differentiates as the watery particles differentiate from super-heated steam when condensed. Restore the differentiated matter to the state ante of undifferentiated matter, and there is no difficulty in seeing how it can pass through the interstices of a substance in the differentiated state, as we easily conceive of the travel of electricity and other forces through their conductors. The profound art is to be able to interrupt at will and again restore the atomic relations in a given substance."

The few steps that science has to take for realizing an underlying unity are: (a) to recognize the continuity, mobility, and homogeneity of eternal space with absolute properties unlike any material medium; and (b) to develop theories that are based on the generation of the properties of matter and fields, from the non-material substratum of space.

"Realize" that to be Brahman which is non- dual, indivisible, One and Blissful, and which is indicated in Vedanta as the Immutable Substratum realized after the negation of all tangible objects."

All objects are pervaded by Brahm. All Actions are possible because of Brahman; therefore Brahman permeates everything as butter permeates milk".
Atma-Bodha, meaning 'knowledge of the Self" by Adhi Shankaracharya; translation by Swami Chinmayananda.

The highest of knowledge that scientific theories can reach is the revelation of the cycle of generation, sustenance and annihilation of cosmic matter from the dynamics of universal space, motion of material bodies in the universe, and the interdependence of space, matter and energy. The ’why’ and ’how’ of all phenomena pertaining to inert matter can be expected to be explainable by the developed science of the future. Scientific knowledge, however, is only a portion of the ’Sat’ aspect of Sat-Chit-Ananda- the Parmeswara, who has three basic elements in him. "Realize that to be Brahman which is Truth-Consciousness-Bliss, which is non-dual, infinite, Eternal, and One, and which fills all the quarters above and below and all that exists between."

The knowledge of Consciousness and the Bliss aspects of Brahm cannot be gained through scientific methods, simply because physical properties like mass, inertia, charge and their associated fields with which science probes into the details of various phenomena exist only in material media of discreteness (voids), diversity, impermanence and imperfection which are not the qualities of the Eternal and one, non-dual Brahm. "Nor does the sun shine there, nor the moon, nor fire; to which having gone they return not, that is my supreme Abode".3

Brahm is 'one without the second', that is the sole Entity, the continuous Substratum, inherent with the highest state of Bliss (transcendental peace, beyond sensual pleasures). The absolute properties of the continuous Substratum are inferred by negating all the properties of matter (tangible objects); yet, all objects are created by Brahm with its own nonmaterial substance and forces; therefore Brahman pervades all the visible as well as the invisible world. (It has been shown in space vortex theory that material properties (mass, inertia, charge etc.) are created from the nonmaterial medium of the fluid space).

It should be realized that Brahm is itself energy (truth, dynamic state), consciousness (static state; my own inference), and transcendental peace (bliss), vast, larger than the largest, ever existent everywhere (fills all the quarters). The phenomenon of 'creation' and 'annihilation' is applicable to matter only; not to Brahm, who exists before Its own creation.

The limited zone of science, though vast, is yet only an offshoot from the much wider and more basic domain of spirituality. The scientific laws of inert entities breakdown when applied to spiritual phenomena which indeed defy explanations through rationality and logic developed by science due to the spiritual effects, exercising control over the behaviors of matter.

The universe has gradations of qualities starting right from its basic element. Let us take the five elements one by one. The living being has the first one, the Earth as its base. Water the second, is the basis for the Earth. Water is produced from Fire, the third element. Fire itself emanating from wind, the fourth. Wind or Vayu arises from the Ether of Aakaash. Aakaash emerges from the Primal Nature. The Primal Nature is but the manifestation of the majesty of God, or the supreme sovereign Atma; the Paramatma is.4 Here the elements of earth, water, fire and air in scientific terms, should correspond to the states of solidity, fluidity, heat, and gaseous elementary and nuclear particles respectively. While it is possible to frame a scientific theory, that the Aakaash in its dynamic state is the universal energy. This universal energy in certain limiting conditions of motion creates matter as Aakaash-bubbles which foam and froth as universal matter, vide Occult Chemistry, it is indeed difficult to imagine how the Aakaash emerged from the Primal Nature, and what are the attributes of the Primal Nature? The phenomenon of emergence or creation can be applicable to the evolution of matter from Aakaash, whereas, the Aakaash itself being non-material in nature can remain self-existent, eternal and beyond the principle of creation and annihilation. But then, what is the significance of emergence of Aakaash from the Primal Nature as quoted above? The following quotation from the Upanishad Vahini throws light on this deep mystery.

"The knowledge of mud and gold will give the knowledge of all pots and pans, as well as bracelets and necklaces. The mud and the gold are the truth; their modifications and transformations are temporary, mere name-forms. So too, the world, like the pot and the bracelet is just an effect, the cause being "Sat". Sat means "is-ness" ...the "is-ness" that is the Universal Characteristic of all objects persists even in the absence of objects. Prior to creation there was only just this "is-ness". There was no void. There was this "is-ness" everywhere! When the "Is" was reflected in Maya or Primal Activity, it resulted in Iswara who partook of that activity to manifest as the Universe with the three elements of Fire, Earth, and Wind. All creation is but the permutation and combination of these three".

The "Is-ness" is the Aakaash in static state, the Primal Nature, the Eternal IS. It is the Universal Consciousness, the Chidakasa, the Jnanam. Like Aakaash I fill all things within and without, changeless and the same in all, at all times I am pure, unattached, stainless and motionless". When the Conscious IS, the static Aakaash, partook of the Primal Activity, it became the Iswara, the universal manifestation; Isaavaasyamidam Sarvam.

The phenomenon of God generates awe and wonder through its mysterious and subtle laws that rest on the eternal foundations of truth, righteousness, peace and love, and are far beyond the scope of scientific analysis.

The Underlying Unity
Living beings seem to be the final products in Nature’s working, since the existence of earth, air and the water on which their survival apparently depends, must necessarily precede the evolution of the beings. The Upanishads teach that aakaash, air, fire, water and earth are the basic constituents of the universe. Man, who is a product of these elements, can continue to survive along with other living species on this planet even if he is unaware of the constitution of his own body or the universe, its origin and laws of protection. The survival of the numerous evolutionary stages from amoebae to man is indicative of the protection and safeguards incorporated in Nature’s subtle working and therefore, no man-made power of destructive nature is expected to ever wipe out the human race. There could of course be disturbances that obstruct the evolutionary processes, but these can be only localized effects in a period of comparatively shorter time.

While man’s mere ignorance of the cosmic universe cannot make him extinct, a knowledge of the basic structure of the universe and his correlation with it can certainly sublimate his baser instincts and raise the mental state above animality, thus bringing about a happy living of the human race in a cohesive society by diminishing and moderating the ferocity of competition, selfishness and sensual indulgence that are purposefully introduced by Nature in the world of living species for their very survival and continuance.

Impelled by this noble aim of pursuit of knowledge, man has produced a science of matter in the last three hundred years through which it has been possible to have a deeper insight into the main universal constituents namely earth, water, fire and air. Matter has been identified and classified into different states, right up to the atomic, nuclear and sub-nuclear particles, and its mode of interactions has been framed into universal scientific laws. Earth, water and air have been shown to be the final product of some basic material entities which, with mutual interactions and aggregations, have formed on this planet the material environment conducive to the development of living beings including man. Similarly fire, or the phenomenon of heat, has been scientifically studied in its various forms and behavior, and its laws of interactions with matter have been framed. However, physical science in its body of knowledge is not yet complete; it has many anomalies that are awaiting a major breakthrough in the basic concepts which can reveal the reality of the universe in its bare state, and thus, by showing the unity of matter, fields and energy, can complete the knowledge of at least the ’science of matter’. The present state of science with its enormous technological advantages to social development and welfare to man has yet failed to reveal the ‘underlying unity’ of the universe due to its incompleteness and still being in a stage of development. Any analysis made of a basic phenomenon transcending materialism or inferences made with the aid of the conclusions of modern science, would indeed be erroneous due to the above limitation of scientific development where the substratum of the physical theories is yet to be fully grasped.

On the sequence of the generation of the worlds, the Upanishads teach that air was generated from aakaash, and air in combination with fire, produced water which, in turn produced earth. In modern scientific terms the three states of matter namely solid, liquid and gas should, in the language of the Upanishad, be taken to correspond to earth, water and air, which in combination with different degree of heat (fire), are inter-convertible. But then how did the aakaash generate air or fundamental forms of matter, considering the fact that by ’air’ the Upanishads may convey ’finest matter’. This is precisely the question which today needs a direct answer. The modern trend in physics has been to evade this main issue, for around the dawn of this century, the "absolute vacuum" or "space" or "aakaash" was considered to be empty.

An attempt to improve the situation of chaos that arose due to the impossibility of the transmission of action in the emptiness of space, by recognizing the reality of fields in space, has not fully bridged the gap between space and matter by not giving the status of ’absolute substratum of universal reality’ to aakaash. For how else can space generate the basic states of matter as asserted by the Upanishads, if it is not a dynamic state pulsating with energy? In an emptiness and void space, if energy for the generation of even inert matter cannot exist, where is the question of it being a seat of consciousness and bliss?

We are today directly confronted with two views which have certain opposite elements in them. One is of materialism, which is, by and large, in line with the current scientific development. It assumes the fundamental reality of the universe lies only in cosmic matter that moves due to the mutual interacting fields in void space, which, apart from matter and its associated fields in it, has no independent existence of its own. By some force of magic this cosmic matter came into sudden existence and gathered tremendous motion at the universal scale, and in due course, distributed itself, and finally organized in an orderly motion of stars and planets including our earth.

The separate aggregations of cosmic matter, despite their mutual interactions through fields, produce discontinuity and discreteness as the basic law of materialism. Apart from the fact that the physical quantities on which such a theory of matter rests its foundation remains unexplained with regard to their origin and fundamental nature; the scope of analysis is confined to only inert entities which, again, under certain miraculous working conditions and chance, generate consciousness, life and evolutionary processes to such a high degree of orderliness, precision and perfection, automation and control, that living beings with intricate and complex organism are produced. The anomalies of materialism in addition to its ignorance of the basic source of universal matter and energy, are the generation of sentience from inert and insentient matter, continuity of fields originating from discrete material particles, generation of ordered processes of evolution from disorderly primary bang and explosions. The universe of matter pregnant with energy, its manifestations of charm and beauty, are in existence just for once, only to wither away and die in the course of time and never to return due to the dissipation of universal energy through radiation into the remotest voids of the unfathomed hideous darkness. Devoid of any future hopes of re-generation materialism grips, at every opportunity like a drowning man at the floating straw, and attempts to convert it for purely selfish ends even at the cost of ethical and moral values. Any concept of omniscience is vehemently rejected because the materialistic theory of void space and inert matter, already stretched to its final limit, broken in parts and covering its obscurities through patches in explaining the process of consciousness in living beings, cannot ever cope with the phenomenon of the omnipresent and omniscient God. A devastating effect is produced when an apparently simple point of view that the medium of aakaash is a void extension is incorporated in physical scientific theories and assimilated in thoughts.

Basically different from the philosophy of materialism is the science of spirituality which lays its foundations on the ever-full aakaash, the dynamic substratum of universal energy, which is eternal, self - existent as the most fundamental base of the universe, and which due to its complete homogeneity, mobility and subtlety of the highest order, is quite distinct from even the finest or quantum state of matter. The properties of matter and fields emanate from the aakaash as its characteristic dynamic state. Material phenomena are only a portion of spiritual phenomena, which being much wider and basic, remove all the restrictions of materialism by providing an eternal source for cosmic matter and energy and continuity through the substantial aakaash between each particle of matter and the entire space. The dynamic aakaash of spirituality froths and foams in the form of cosmic matter. The basic state of aakaash possesses the properties that are absolute and non-material. It also has the attributes of Truth- Consciousness-Bliss. The truth as universal energy generates the cosmic matter in eternal cycles of creation and annihilation. The attribute of ’Consciousness’ from its highest state in the pure aakaash is diluted down to the lowest degree so that matter shows inertness. Living beings are the intermediate evolutionary stages between the inert matter and pure aakaash with gradations of consciousness in each species. There are even gradations of consciousness in different limbs of the same living being. The attribute of ’Bliss’ of aakaash from its highest state in pure aakaash is graded and diluted down to all the material manifestations and appears in its lowest state as sensual pleasures in the living beings.

The underlying unity can be seen only at the most fundamental state of the universe to which the current science of matter and field has not reached yet, however, some glimpses of the unity are evident at each evolutionary stage of Nature. The common features in Nature’s different patterns of design inherent in the plant and animal world, the distribution of consciousness in each living entity, the existence of the senses and the reproduction systems in the animate of all kind, the perpetual change encompassing everything, and the similarity of basic relationships and equations of different physical phenomena, are indicative of the ’Underlying Unity’ field in which rigid boundaries between categories of thought eventually smudge and melt away. Might not the concept of unity in the universe eventually turn, reflectively, to the mind which gave it birth, subsuming all the products of that mind, all its divisions of thought and experience?[5]

Origin of Consciousness
The absolute and basic attributes of Brahman with aakaash as its substance is Sat-Chit-Anand. The Sat, the cosmic energy, which is a dynamic state of aakaash, generates the cosmic matter and is the universal truth of all visible and invisible existence. The Sat also produces the principles of truth as the main code of morality. Since the behavior of matter and its properties have been experimentally determined, it is possible to infer the absolute properties of aakaash scientifically as far as the role played by it in the constitution of matter is concerned. If aakaash as a single substance can construct all the diverse kinds of inert matter, some aspect of this non-material entity should explain the origin of consciousness too. A mobile medium can be either static or in motion like circulation or linear motion at varying speeds. The limiting motion as spinning action explains the creation of fundamental matter. It is the static aakaash that should account for the purest state of consciousness, and possibly the varying speed of motion of aakaash could cause different degrees of consciousness in the living species of nature. Since aakaash in motion is identified with prana, consciousness and prana are either the same effect or are intimately connected.

The Chit could therefore be "that state of aakaash which is less dynamic than that in the constitution of matter" and possesses the absolute attribute of consciousness in varying degrees depending upon the motion of aakaash. The four states of consciousness that one experiences during waking, dream, sleep and samadhi are derived from the most basic state of consciousness which is named Chitakaash. In vastness, the Chitakaash is larger than the largest, and is almost limitless subsuming within it the countless galaxies of the universe.

The Chitakaash is the purest state of consciousness that in its lowest degree or potential resides in apparently inert matter. In conscious beings, for instance man, the lowest rung of consciousness is during the waking state where physical interactions are dominant. The consciousness ascends in its quality and purity from waking to the higher states that are dream, deep sleep and samadhi. There are three aakaashas: The Chitakaash is seen as Chittaakaash in man (and other living beings) as individual consciousness and Bhutaakaash as cosmic matter.

Chidhaathmaaham nithya shuddhabuddhamukthasadadhwayah.

"I am the Atman, the pure consciousness, eternally pure and Intelligence Absolute, ever free and one without a second". – (Shri Shankaracharya in Panchikaranam).

Also, "The attributes of Existence, consciousness and Bliss are common features in aakaash, air, fire, water and earth as well as in Gods, animals and men, etc. Names and forms differ". (Drig Drishya Vivek. – Shri Shankaracharya).

The nature of Sat-Chit-Anand, in reality is described as "Sat alone exists; the Chit is its effulgence; Anand or Bliss is the consequence". The physical pleasure derived through the senses is also drawn from the basic source of Bliss in the substratum of Brahman, but since the means of pleasure is through the physical senses and mind, that have imperfect matter (vikar) as their constituent, the sensation is not unalloyed bliss, but a poor reflection of it. With restraints on the senses and concentration on the basic source of the universe, the Brahman, a Yogi, unites his individual consciousness with the Chitakaash and goes into raptures of samadhi, deriving immense peace and bliss.

Sathyam jnanamanantham Brahman vishuddham paramam swathah siddham. Nithyaanandhakarasam prathyagabhinnam nirantharam jayathi.

"Brahm is existence, knowledge, endless, pure, supreme, self-existent, eternal and indivisible Bliss, not different (qualitatively) from the individual soul, non-differentiated and always triumphant".(Viveka Chudamani - ShriShankaracharya.)

The consciousness of Brahm has supreme knowledge too. The knowledge of nature discovered by man, and also the instinctive abilities possessed by the living beings, are derived from the basic source of knowledge, that is, Brahman alone. It is the primeval substratum of the most basic aakaash that possesses capability of creation of cosmic matter, and is itself consciousness and supreme knowledge, thereby making possible the proclamation of Shri Shankaracharya:

Brahma sathyam jaganmithyaa jivo Brahmev naaparah

"Brahm is the truth, the worlds are illusionary, and the individual soul is qualitatively not different from Brahm". The illusion lies in the fact that matter, in its constitution, possesses reality as well as non-reality, and though created out of the subtle substance of aakaash, yet appears different from it.

Concept of Bhakti: The doctrine of Bhakti or single-minded devotion to God as is clearly evident in later Upnishdas. The word of Bhakti occurs first time in Upnishdas[6]. Islamic thought process is enumerated in Quran and clarified through various commentaries. The word Bhakti originated from 'Bhaj' meaning to 'recite'. Meditation, service, love of the Lord, faith etc., are the many connotations ascribed to bhakti.

From here emerges the concept of nirgun and sargun also. The upnishads speaks of Para Brahm and Apar Brahm. The former is higher Brahm ; the latter is lower Brahm. The former is indeterminate, unconditional and devoid of attributes (nirgun). The latter is determinate, conditioned and endowed with attributes (sargun). The former is unqualified and incomprehensible; the latter is qualified and comprehensible. The former is transcendent and nonphenomenal (nisprapanca); the latter is immanent in the phenomenal world (sarpanca). The forer is the transecendental Being (sat), consciousness (cit) and Bliss (Anand) which constitute its essence; the latter is the infinite eternal, omnipresent, omniscent and omnipotent Creator, preserver and destroyer of the Universe, the Moral Governor and the Lord of the Law and the Law of Karma.

According to Hindu scriptures that alone is real or true which never ceases to exist. "The unreal has no existence and the real never ceases to be; the reality of both has thus been perceived by the seers of truth."[7] The real substance is God who is knowledge and bliss combined. He does not change even though everything else may change. That in which all changing substances exhaust their selves that which is characterised as an eternal and indubitable truth and which is the witness of everything is rcognised as God. That which is not negated even though repudiated by reason, and which is concluded by the wise is the real God. He is also called the Intelligent Power or the intelligent Principle.[8]

The universe consists of two substances, the spiritual or intelligent (chetan) and the material or non-intelligent (jad). They are also known by the name of Purusa (Spirit) and Prakriti (Matter). That which is material lends itslef to our perception (drishya) and that which is intelligent is the Perceiver (drishta). They are also known as the knowable (gyey) and the knower (gyata). The knowledge is dependent on the knower. That which is material is finite while the Spirit is infinite. Matter is liable to appear and disappear while the Spirit is unborn (aj), eternal (nitya) and imperishable (avinashi). Matter is always in a state of flux or ephemeral (kshanbhangur). The Spirit does not undergo any change. All the ancient texts confirm that the God is an indubitable reality.[9] Knowledge about the matter is thus lower knowledge or apra gyan while the knowledge about the spirit and the God is apra knowledge or higher intelligent.

Mundkopnishida describes two types of knowledge i.e., pra and apra. Apra deals with basic subjects like Vedas, education, grammar etc., while pra deals with the knowledge of the word or the knowledge of the Lord.

Types of Knowledge​

apra (Lower knowledge) pra (Higher Knowledge)

(Basic knowledge e.g., Languages, science) (Knowledge of the Lord)



A complete knowledge includes knowledge of both types. The modern scientific studies fall in the 'apra' type and are not complete in their selves. The facts are based on the attainments by the five senses and the Truth is that what is observable or measurable. Body and bodily comforts remain its central theme. The happiness is linked with bodily pleasures and not with the soul. The bodily pleasures are linked with observable and measure-able materialism. It does not take the soul or the consciousness or the intuition into consideration hence pra knowledge is unaccounted. As science had to do nothing with the soul, no research was ever done in this field. This is the reason why the knowledge of the universe in the modern textbooks is incomplete. This knowledge cannot be completed through the apra knowledge and there is no other way than to gain the pra knowledge.



Bhagti

The Narad Bhakti Sutra contains various descriptions given by ancient sages like Ved Vyas, Shandlya etc. Ved Vyas defines bhakti as the deepest love towards the Lord during meditation (sutra 16). Narad defines bhakti as the divine and deep love of the bhakta towards the Lord. It is like amrit (nectar) which makes one contented, satisfied and beyond transmigration (Narad Bhakti Sutra-2/4). According to Bhagwat Puran (3/25/32-33), bhakti is the selfless true deep love towards the Lord. Vishnu Puran (1/20/19) also ratifies this and avers that the bhakat must have total faith and love in the Lord and His creation.



According to Vedas a person can reach the Lord adopting the path of gyan (knowledge), karm (action) and upasna (meditation)[10]. The Vedas give out four types of bhakti i.e, 1 satwiki bhakti: where the desire is of salvation 2. Rajsi bhakti where desire is of family, wealth and worldly achievements 3. Tamsi bhakti where desire is of enemy's destruction and loss.4. Nirgun bhakti which is desire-less and self-less.[11] Gita also describes four types of bhakta.

Chturvidhya bhajante ma janah sukritnoarjun.

Aartojigaysuartharthi gyani ch bhartarshbh. (Gita 7-16)

​

'Among them the gyani who is always connected to the Lord, and whose devotion is total is the most accomplished. He loves me the most and I always love him the most' (Bhagwat Gita 7-17). The fruit of gyan (knowledge) and karam (action) like tree is upasna (meditation). Upasna means 'to sit close to the lord'. Only by being close to Him, we can be able to obtain divine Grace.[12] Describing the forms of Lord, Yajurveda said, "The Lord being without the natural characteristics is called nirgun and due to His own characteristics is called sargun. He is the only one, indescribable, True and Pure, without any evil, self-created etc."[13]

The desire for bhakti originates from the enlightenment through the Guru who stirs the inner feelings and directs them towards the Lord (Shwetashwatar Upnishad 6/23). Chapter 7 to 12 of Bhagwat Gita explains bhakti; while the remaining chapters discuss the various methodologies as well. The bhakti is solidified by recitation/ singing of the true Lord's Name and guna and is obtained through the Lord's Grace (9/14). With this a being gets the param-sidhi (18/46)

Forms of bhakti are many and varied. Different sages described bhakti differently. The first distinction is between the bhakti of nirgun and sargun; the formless Lord whose characteristics cannot be described; and the Lord who has forms as he is prevalent in His entire creation and his creativity characteristics. These forms can be described in numerous ways.

The methods of meditation are different in both these systems. The sargun accepts visible and invisible characteristics while nirgun depends upon various names of the Lords based on His creative characteristics (kritam naam) and does not appreciate worshipping of His various visible forms. According to Bhagwat Puran (3/29/11-12) the characteristics of nirgun bhakti is the total inclination of the mind speed towards the Lord and the divine and selfless love in Him.

The sargun Bhakti has characteristics of vaidhi and gauni bhakti. These distinctions are based on characteristics i.e., satwiki, rajsi and tamsi. (3/29/8-10).

Origin of Light
The terrestrial environment has light in the day and darkness at night, the source of light being the sun. The question is whether light can still exist in the absence of all the universal matter when the medium of aakaash is the only reality left. It is known scientifically that the process of combustion of matter produces light and oscillation of material particles at atomic levels too produces heat and light of different qualities. However, to determine the basic source of light the deepest phenomenon of creation of fundamental matter from aakaash has to be studied and analyzed. The aakaash of the universe after creation of fundamental matter is, as said before, gravitationally energized. Gravity is the attraction between matter, and is identified as tamasik state in space (aakaash). Gravity also produces darkness in aakaash as far as its interaction with the human eye is concerned. When matter is annihilated, as it happens when an electron and its opposite particle positron come together, it is the destruction of the gravity effects (fields) associated with these particles that is seen as a flash of light detected through experiments.

Light is satvik in nature and is the effect produced when gravity which has a tamasik effect, is reduced in magnitude at any point or region in aakaash The aakaash of the universe, prior to creation of the cosmic matter, is a self-effulgent entity that dims in brightness in and around that region where cosmic matter is created, and when the gravity fields associated with the cosmic bodies reduce at that point or in that region of aakaash for any reason, there is a proportionate restoration of the self-effulgence of aakaash there.

Chidhanandhakarupathwaadh dheepyathe swayameva hi.

"The supreme self (Chitakaash) because of its nature of consciousness and Bliss shines by itself", - Atma Bodh, Shri Shankaracharya. Also,

Na thathra suryo bhathi, na chandratharakam nema viddhutho bhanthi kuthoyamagnih. Thameva bhanthamanubhaathi sarvam, thasya bhasa sarvamidham vibhathi.

"There the sun cannot shine and the moon has no luster: all the stars are blind: there the lightning’s flash not, neither any earthly fire. For all that is bright is but the shadow of His brightness and by His shining all this shines". - Katha Upanishad, "The Upanishads", Shri Aurobindo.

"When the stars and moons are not created in the universe, there can be no matter and hence no lightning, etc. In that stage of aakaash, there are no gravity fields of cosmic bodies to reduce the self-effulgent luster of the primordial substratum." Tham Devaa Jyothishaam Jyothih - The Gods acclaim it as the light of lights. The light is eternal and the various stages of light inside the body have been described by saints and yogis[14] which are summed up in the table below:

Sr	Hinduism	Sufism	Place of light	Description of light
1	Man prakash	Latifai kalbi	In the chest below the left nipple	Colour of light is light yellow. Its nature is fire
2	Birti prakash	Latifai sri	Two inches below the left nipple	Colour is white and nature is water
3	Surti prakash	Latifai roohi	In the chest below the right nipple	Colour is golden, nature is fire
4	Svayam prakash	Latifa khufii	Two inches below the right nipple	Colour is of lead. Nature is of sky
5	Jyoti prakash	Latifai akhfi	In the centre of the heart	Colour is green. Nature is air
6	Shiv netri prakash	Latifai nafsi	In the centre of the forehead	Colour is blue. Nature is sky
7	Jyotiling prakash	Latifai kalab	Entire body	Light is like fire. Nature is fire
8	Brahm prakash		In brahm-rundhar of head or braham-gupha	Light is colourless and not connected with any nature

Rajasik And Satvik Forces

The spinning action of aakaash creates electrical force of attraction and repulsion between particles of matter or assembly of material particles. These forces exist in aakaash in and around the particles and are identified to be rajasik in nature. The spinning action or circulating motion of aakaash signifies intense activity’, and, therefore, wherever (including human nature) rajasik forces are predominant, there can be no inertness which is the quality of tamasik forces. The cosmos is pervaded with electric (rajasik) and gravitational (tamasik) forces due to the tremendous movement and enormous mass of the heavenly bodies.



The static aakaash, with no activity whatsoever, is the highest state of the satvik condition, and as described before is the Chidakaash. Depending upon the degree of the "lack of movement" of this basic substratum (aakaash), satvik conditions develop. A yogi, stills his mind by removing all extraneous thoughts, and by concentrating only on one Deity, passes over from rajasik to the satvik state of samadhi. The human body, an aggregation of inert matter (with the least consciousness) is superimposed on the real medium of Chittakaash which, if not over activated with consumption of inappropriate food and the associated aggressive thoughts, remains close to the satvik state. All sadhanas meant to gain knowledge on the spiritual phenomena in an attempt to come face-to-face with Divinity are the process of transition from the tamasik and rajasik states to the satvik state.



Meaning of Eternity

The decay and disintegration of matter with time and the changes in state with applied pressure and temperature, provide proof that matter is impermanent in nature. However, until scientific experiments were performed in this century, it was held in science that atoms are permanent entities. With the discovery of the phenomenon of annihilation between an electron and its opposite particle a positron, which results in a pulse of light, the theory of the permanence of matter is no more valid. Lately, the vortex structure of the electron in which aakaash spins and creates a central void within the vortex, where there is a non-existence of aakaash within a sub-micro region, is seen as a basic material particle possessing all the properties of matter due to its structure. Thus, matter can be termed transient (compared to cosmic time) and aakaash to be an eternal substance, since it does not decay or disintegrate with time, as it has no atomic or molecular structure like a material medium. If water of the ocean is supposed to be a non-viscous and continuous superfluid, then it shall remain so forever, whereas, its foam and waves will be the impermanent features. It is precisely the same way with aakaash, which, as a non-material and yet a real substance because of its subtleties (non-viscous, zero mass, incompressible), does not change its quality till eternity, and stays as an ever existent primeval substratum of reality.

The start of time coincides with the Will of Brahman. "Ekoham Bahusyam; Alone I am, should become many; with which cosmic creation starts with the movement of aakaash." Thus, time too is created by Brahman. As the cycle of creation proceeds with the emergence of matter, galaxies, stars, planets, and moons, and the formation of highly organized matter that subsequently shapes and develops into the vegetative world with mobile living beings in water, air, and on earth, the meta-galaxies move out to the farthest reach of the universe only to reverse back towards the center for the annihilation of cosmic matter, thus completing one cycle. There may not be even a speck of matter then and yet the universe will be as full of energy as before since it will lose only its bubbles (cosmic matter), the void entities and not its dynamic substance, aakaash.

Om poornamadhah poornamidham, poornath poornamudhachyathe.

Poornasya poornamadhay, poornamevaavshishyathe.

"This world (of cosmic matter) is full and substantial. That (from which cosmic matter came out) is also full and substantial. Though this full (and substantial material world) came out of that (Brahman), it still remains full." The above invocation for peace is literally true with superfluid nature of aakaash and cosmic matter as its froth and foam.

The creation and annihilation of cosmic matter repeats in cycles, and at the end of each cycle, Brahman wills to create. The eternity is applicable not only to the continuation of the cyclic universal time, but also to the permanence of the substance of aakaash.

States Higher than Aakaash
Taittiriyopanishad declares:

Thasmaadhwa aethasmaadhaathman aakaashah sambhuthah.

"From that Brahman, from this Atman, aakaash came to be."
The five universal elements can be explained thus: "Let us take the Five Elements, one by one. The living being has the first one, the Earth, as its base. Water, the second, is the basis for the earth. Water is produced from Fire, the third element. Fire itself emanates from Wind, the fourth. Wind or Vayu arises from Ether, or Aakaash. Aakaash emerges from the Primal Nature and the Primal Nature is but the manifestation of one aspect of the majesty of God, or the Supreme Sovereign Atma, the Paramatma".

The absolute properties assigned to aakaash can explain the basic material properties shown by matter. While fundamental matter can be considered to be a void entity in aakaash, the vast sphere of aakaash itself can be either endless, or larger than the largest. If it is larger than the largest, it can have a boundary which could be between aakaash and a void, an endless extension beyond. The sphere of substantial aakaash (Brahman) shall float in an endless zone of nothingness, and there could be numerous such vast spheres of aakaash inter-spaced with void. The other possibility is that aakaash is endless and ever existent. For both the above alternatives, creation of aakaash from Primal nature is a necessity. The creation of aakaash in its highest state (Chitakaash) seems to be beyond human understanding. That is why, perhaps, Brahman is anirvachaniya, or beyond comprehension and description.
Mahrishi Shandlya (Shandlya Bhakti Sutra-2/2/1) has described two types of bhakti - pra and gauni. Shankracharya in 'Prabodh Sudhakar' also calls this 'sukhma' and 'sathula'. Bhagwat Puran (7/5/23) describes Bhakti according to various methods i.e., 1. Shravan (hearing), 2. Kirtan (singing), 3. Smaran (reciting), 4. Paad-sevan- Service at the feet, 5. Pooja-archa (worshipping and offerings), 6.Vedan (Crying in agony of separation), 7. Dasrya (service), 8. Sakhrya (knowledge & education) and 9. Aatam-nivedan (prayer to the innerself). Nard Bhakti Sutra (82) enumerated 11 types of attractions or closeness to the Lord. Out of these six are common however, hearing (shravn), singing (kirtan) and reciting (smaran) have been the most practiced among sages. Yoga Shastra has a special place in Bhakti methodologies. Yoga is used to concentrate in meditation and it is seeking union by the intellect, a science; while mysticism is the seeking of the same union by emotion[15].

In Eastern thought process magical powers are achieved through yog-sadhna are known as 'sidhi'. Sidhi means the magical power obtained through meditation (sadhna). According to 'Patanjal Yog Pardeep (p.514), the number of these sidhis is eight. These are 1.anima: to become atom-like or invisible 2. laghima: with this the sidh can become so light that he can fly in the air. 3. mahima: in this one makes oneself heavier even more than a mountain. 4. prapti: to be able to obtain anything from anywhere. 5. Parkarmaya- In that one can stop any effect on his desired achievements 6. Vasitra : to have control over all the beings 7. Ishitra: To have control over all the materials 8. Kamvashiyta: to fulfill all the aims of the sadhak. Ten more Sidhis are described in Puranans. These are; 1. Anurmi: Feeling no thirst or hunger 2.door-shravan- to hear from long distance 3. Door darshan: to see a scene or object from distance. 4. Manoveg: to move along with the ideas and thoughts 5. Kamroop- to turn into desired form or body 6. Parkai-parvesh- to enter into someone else's body 7. Swachhand-mrityu- to die according to one's will 8.sur-krida- to make merriment with gods 9.sankalp sidhi- to attain everything according to one's wish 10..aprtihat-gati- to reach anywhere unobstructed. These ten and the eight described earlier are called 18 sidhis. Budhist literature records eight great sidhis i.e., khadag, anjan, paadlop, antardhan, ras rasayan, khecher, bhucher and patal. Patanjali gives four stages of yoga in Yog-Sutra. These are 'samadhi-pad', 'sadhan-pad', 'vibhuti-pad' and the 'kaivlya-pad'. Samadhi-pad gives definition of yoga, its characterstics, methodologies and various moods of mind. Sadhan-pad describes how to obtain true knowledge for which eight sources are described as yam, niyam, aasan, pranayam, prtyahar, dharna, dhyan and smadhi. Vibhuti pad describes sanyam as the main method which combines dharna, smadhi and dhyan. These are achievements or sidhis of a yogi. Yog sutra (3/37) considers these sidhis as diversions in meditation for reaching the True Lord. The yogi who gets into these sidhis is said to have diverted from his true path and fails to get the salvation. A true yogi must avoid these sidhis and continue with his aim of kaivlya or self-realisation (atam-darshan). Kaivlya-pad describes the form of kavilya-mind and clears doubts about yoga methodologies[16]. The sidhis being the result of sadhna if rightly utilised can add to salvation.

A Table Showing Sidhis Achieved by Yoga Method of Patanjli​

Sr	Shloka	Place of Illumination	Sidhi	Achievement
	3.21	Body Shape	Anima	To become atom like or invisible
	3.22	Thought of parting	Swachhand mrityu	To die according to one's will
	3.23	Friendship		Great moral, phsychic and physical strength
	3.24	character		As strong as an elephant.
	3.25	brightness in heart	Door darshan	Can be gained of the subtle, the hidden, and even the remote objects or phenomena.
	3.26	Glittering brightness	Manoveg	knowledge of the subtle, hidden and far. To move along with the ideas and thoughts. To get the knowledge about the mind of others.
	3.26a	Brightness in heart		One can see things happening very far away; can also see subtle things.
	3.26	Sun		Knowledge of the world
	3.27	Moon		knowledge about the stellar system
	3.28	North star		knowledge about motion of stars
	3.29	navel		knowledge of constitution of the body.
	3.30	Throat pit	Anurmi	Feeling no thirst or hunger.
	3.31	nerves	Mahima	Steadiness of body and mind
	3.33	HeadTop		Vision of sages
	3.34	On the heart.		knowledge concerning the mind-stuff or the undivided intelligence.
	3.35	self or personality		The knowledge of the indwelling intelligence, with its conditioning which is the ignorance
	3.36	Unconditioned intelligence		Enlightened hearing, feeling, seeing, tasting and smelling - free from the perversions, limitations and distortions born of ignorance.
	3.38	desired body	Parkai parvesh	To enter into someone else's body.
	3.39	udana,		Person doesn't sink in water, he can walk on nails, fire, he can die at will.
	3.41	hearing in space		Supernatural hearing is gained
	3.42	body space relationship		body acquires the quality of weightlessness and moves in space with ease.
	3.43			Cosmic intelligence
	3.44			Knowledge about existence of universe
	3.45		laghima	Body reduced the size of atom. Perfection of body, immunity, To become so light that he can fly in the air.
	3.47			Total mastery over intelligence
	3.47		Sur krida	To make merriment with gods
27.	3.47		Sankalp Sidhi Aprtihat-Gati Prapti Parkarmaya, Vasitra Ishitra Kamvashiyta, Kamroop	To attain everything according to one's wish, To reach anywhere unobstructed, To be able to obtain anything from anywhere Stop any effect on his desired achievements To have control over all the beings To have control over all the materials To fulfill all the aims of the sadhak To turn into desired form or body
28	3.48			Oneness with cosmic nature
29	3.49			Self- Realisation

According to Bhagwat Gita[17] -

The Lord can be obtained through Bhakti alone. One has to have total faith and devotional love in bhakti.

Yoga, knowledge, seclusion etc. are not the right methods of reaching Lord.

The attributes of the Lord must be listened to and one should concentrate on to Him during bhakti.

The clean soul sees the True Lord in itself.

Faith and love remains the centre of all these methods of meditation and the prema-bhakti remains the best sought after.

To sum up Eastern thought process: a being is caught in the web of worldly attractions. Once he understands the destructive attributes of the universe and the purpose of his existence on earth, he seeks the path to unite with the Creator. He searches for the guidance which either a guru, a company of saints (sadh-sangat) or written word (bani) may provide. His mind gets set into the Creator with all love, faith and devotion and he gets tuned to Him. He disconnects himself from the worldly love and attractions, pains and pleasures, joys and sorrows and wealth and women. Through hearing, singing or reciting continuously the True Lord's Name or by other methods described above a being gets tuned to Him and enjoys the bliss of uniting with Him. Thus he obtains salvation and is saved from transmigration. During the process he attains the knowledge about the Lord and the Universe and can give answers to questions which otherwise cannot be answered by a man caught up in the materialistic world. He can also perform sidhis which cannot be expected from ordinary human beings. The permanent Truth is the Lord and achieving Him is finding the actual truth. All other materials are transitory and perishable due to regular change of the nature. Only the true Lord does not change.

Science (pure science) and technology go together. What scientists get into experimentally is

We have surmised that finding out truth in the so-called modern methodology is not the answer for future knowledge, scientific exploration and technology development. If we have to approach the heights of scientific and technical knowledge achieved by great luminaries like Guru Nanak we have to change our approach. Along with the physical and biological aspects we have to consider the spiritual aspects as well. We have to start from the higher to lower and not from atoms to the entire body.

Reference Material
Books on Consciousness

• Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious - C. G. Jung
• Archetypes of the Zodiac - Kathleen Burt
• Astrocycles: How to Make the Major Planetary Cycles Work for You - Vivian B. Martin (this book is currently out of stock, but might be available by special order)
• Awakening the Heroes Within: Twelve Archetypes to Help Us Find Ourselves & Transform Our World - Carol S. Pearson
• Bridge to Superconsciousness - Rick Prater
• Cosmic Consciousness - Richard Maurice Bucke
• Creative Meditation & Multi-Dimensional Consciousness - Lama Anagarika Govinda
• Cycles of Opportunity - Carole Beckham
• Ego and Archetype: Individuation and the Religious Function of the Psyche - Edward F. Edinger
• Emotional Intelligence - Daniel Goleman
• Envisioning Information - Edward R. Tufte
• Epochs of Consciousness, John Holland and Amy Robinson, ©1996 American Sound Press
• Esoteric Psychology: A Treatise on the Seven Rays, Vol I & II - Alice A. Bailey
• Fifth Dimension - Vera Stanley Alder
• Focusing - Eugene T. Gendlin
• freeze-frame: One Minute Stress Management: A Scientifically Proven Technique for Clear Decision Making & Improved Health - Doc Lew Childre
• Handbook to Higher Consciousness - Ken Keyes
• Inner Side of History - Charles DeMotte
• Invisible Records of Thought and Action - Manly P. Hall
• Lectures on Ancient Philosophy - Manly P. Hall
• The Passion of the Western Mind: Understanding the Ideas That Have Shaped Our World View - Richard Tarnas
• The Phenomenon of Man - Pierre Teilhard deChardin
• The Planetarization of Consciousness - Dane Rudhyar
• The Planetary Mind - Arne A. Wyller
• Psychic Energy: Its Source and Its Transformation - M. Esther Harding, with foreword by C. G. Jung
• Psychic Self-Defense - Dion Fortune
• Psychosynthesis - Roberto Assagioli (this book is currently out of stock, but might be available by special order)
• Sane Occultism - Dion Fortune
• The Science of Mind - Ernest Holmes
• The Selected Writings of Wilhelm Reich - Wilhelm Reich (this book is currently out of stock, but might be available by special order)
• The Self-Aware Universe: How Consciousness Creates the Material World - Amit Goswami
• Self-Unfoldment: The Practical Application of Moral Principles to the Living of a Life - John Richardson
• The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change - Stephen R. Covey
• Soul of a Citizen: Living With Conviction in a Cynical Time - Paul Rogat Loeb
• Sri Aurobindo or the Adventures in Consciousness - Satprem
• Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle - C. G. Jung
• Synchronicity: The Bridge Between Matter & Mind - F. David Peat
• Tapestry of the Gods: Psychological Transformation & the Seven Rays - Michael Robbins
• Tarot As a Way of Life: A Jungian Approach to the Tarot - Karen Hamaker-Zondag
• Time, the Ultimate Energy: An Exploration of the Psychological & Metaphysical Aspects of Time - Murray Hope
• Through the Curtain - Viola Petitt Neal & Shafica Karagulla (this book is currently out of stock, but might be available by special order)

Sites On Consciousness
California Institute of Integral Studies (CIIS)
Project Mind — Coming Soon
.MSIA – Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness
Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS)
Intuition Network
http://www.itp.edu/
C. G. Jung – Sein Leben und Werk | CGJung
http://www.sangha.net/partners.htm
http://www.focusing.org/

Bhakti (Meditation):
Hindi
Adi Granth ke Pramparagat Tatvon ka Adhyan, Dr. Surain Singh Wilkhu, Bhasha Vibhag, Punjab, Patiala, 1978
Bhakti Andolan ka Adhyan, Dr. Ratibhanu Sinh Nahar, Qitab Mahal, Illahabad, Ist edn.
Bhakti ka Vikas, Dr. Munshi Ram Chowkhamba, Vidya Bhavan, Varanasi 2, 1958

Bhakti Kavya Mein Rahsayvad, Dr. Ram Narayan Pandey, National Publishing House,

Delhi, -7 , 1986.

Bhartiya Darshan, Umesh Mishra, Parkashan Bureou, Dirctorate of Information, Govt. of

UP, Lucknow, 1957.

Sant Sahitya ka Darshnik Vishleshan, Dr. Manmohan Sehgal, Bhartendu Bhawan,

Chandigarh, 1966.

Sant Mat Mein Sadhna Ka Swaroop, Dr. Jaydev Singh, Pratyush Parkashan, Kanpur.

Sadhna Aur Sahitya, Dr. Harswaroop Mathur, Sahitya Niketan , Kanpur, 1963.



English

1. Atma-Bodha of Bhagwan Sri Sankaracharya by Swami Chinmayananda.

2. The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism 2 Vols, Ed. Dr. harbans Singh Punjabi University,

Patiala, 1995.

3. The Psalm of Life, Gursharan Singh Bedi, Jawahar Singh Kirpal Singh, Delhi, 1952

4. Space is the Absolute Reality, by Paramahamsa Tewari, Proceedings of International
Conference on Space-time Absoluteness, Genoa 8-11, July 1982.
5. Sreemad-Bhagwad-Geeta by Swami Chinmayananda.
6. Upanishad Vahini by Bhagwan Sri Sathya Sai Baba
7. Bulletin of The Theosophy Science Study Group India February 1984.

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[1] Extracted from Bridge to Superconsciousness
[2] Websters Dictionary, p.
[3] Michelle L. Casto, Get Smart About Modern Stress Management,
www.getsmartseries.com, www.brightlightcoach.com , & coach@getsmartseries.com
[4] . Adi Sankaracharya’s in Atma-Bodha
[5] Bulletin of The Theosophy Science Study Group India April - 1984.
[6] The Cult of Bhakti by Jadunath Sinha-quoted in Sant Kavya ka Darshnik Vishleshan p.8
[7] Nasto vidyate bhavo nabhavo vidyate sta: ubhyorpidrishtoantstvnyosttvdarshibhi: (Bhagvat Gita II.16)
[8] Jayadayal Goyandaka, Gems of Truth, Part I, Gita Press Gorakhpuer, 1994, p7-8
[9] ibid p. 9-12

[10] Bhakti ka Vikas, Dr.Munshi Ram, Chowkhamba, Vidya Bhawan, Varanasi 2, 1958, p. 111
[11] Sadhna aur Sahitya, Dr. Harswaroop Mathur, Sahitya Niketan Kanpur, 1963, P.1
[12] Bhakti ka Vikas P.111
[13] s paryagatya shukrmayamvarnamsnaviram shudhmpapvidhya.
Kavirmanishi psaribhuh swaynbhuryarthatthyatoarthanya.
Ch yaddhatya shashvtibhayah smabhayah ..(Yajurved 40-8).
[14] From Rah Numai Deedari Haq, as quoted by Principal Prakash Singh in 'Nam Simran , sadhan
te praptian' Nanak Prakash Ptrika, June 1990, p.52
[15] An Introduction to Yoga by Annie Besant, p.25
[16] Guru Granth Vishav Kosh, part 1 Dr. Rattan Singh Jaggi, Punjabi University, Patiala
[17] Bhakti ka Vikas, p.303