Artificial Intelligence and Maya: A Sikh Perspective on GPT-5
Dr. Devinder Pal Singh and Dr. Bhai Harbans Lal*
Professor of Religious Studies, Arihanta Institute, San Jose, CA, USA
*President, Academy of Guru Granth Studies, Texas, USA
(Courtesy: Google Images)
Abstract
Dr. Devinder Pal Singh and Dr. Bhai Harbans Lal*
Professor of Religious Studies, Arihanta Institute, San Jose, CA, USA
*President, Academy of Guru Granth Studies, Texas, USA
(Courtesy: Google Images)
Abstract
The emergence of GPT-5, OpenAI’s latest artificial intelligence (AI) model, has generated both excitement and skepticism. While many view it as only a modest step forward, its growing utility in daily life raises profound ethical, environmental, and spiritual questions. From a Sikh perspective, such technologies must be examined not only for their capabilities but for their alignment with divine principles and human responsibility. Sikh philosophy cautions against attachment to Maya (illusion) and the dangers of haumai (ego), reminding humanity that true reliance belongs to the Divine, not machines. At the same time, Sikh teachings on Kirat (honest work), Vand Chhakna (equitable sharing), and Seva (selfless service) suggest that AI can be harnessed for collective upliftment, provided it is grounded in justice and humility. Ultimately, Sikh wisdom urges humanity to employ AI responsibly, ensuring it serves creation rather than dominates it, and deepens spirituality rather than erodes it.
Introduction
GPT-5 is the latest generation of OpenAI’s language models, forming the backbone of applications such as ChatGPT. The acronym GPT stands for Generative Pre-trained Transformer. At its core, GPT-5 is a highly advanced computer system trained on vast amounts of text and data, enabling it to recognize patterns, understand prompts, and generate responses that closely resemble human communication [1]. While it belongs to the same family as its predecessors, GPT-5 distinguishes itself through enhanced reasoning capabilities, stronger safety measures, and a more seamless, integrated user experience. It is available not only within ChatGPT but also through numerous third-party applications powered by the OpenAI platform. If GPT-4 could be compared to a competent digital assistant, GPT-5 advances that experience by offering greater accuracy, a more natural conversational flow, and improved performance on complex, multi-step tasks [2-3].
The release of GPT-5, the latest advancement in artificial intelligence (AI), has sparked divided reactions. To some, it is a modest technical upgrade; to others, it represents a profound shift in how humans interact with machines. Early users report that GPT-5 feels less like a tool and more like an assistant, capable of providing research support, diagnosing everyday problems, and offering guidance in ways once limited to human expertise. Yet, alongside these benefits arise urgent questions of dependency, ethical responsibility, and ecological cost [4].
From a Sikh perspective, these developments cannot be evaluated merely on technological grounds. Sikh philosophy provides a spiritual framework for assessing whether innovations draw humanity closer to truth or deeper into illusion (Maya). Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s teachings emphasize balance: knowledge and skill must be rooted in Kirat (honest labour), Vand Chhakna (equitable sharing), and Seva (selfless service). Technology that monopolizes collective human knowledge or worsens environmental degradation stands in conflict with these principles.
At the same time, Sikhism encourages the responsible use of resources to promote the welfare of all (Sarbat da Bhala). AI, if guided by humility and justice, has the potential to serve as a tool of liberation rather than enslavement. The critical issue, therefore, is not whether AI like GPT-5 will remain with us, but how humanity chooses to shape its role. This article examines GPT-5 through the lens of Sikh philosophy, considering its ethical, environmental, and spiritual implications for the future of human society.
1. The Wonder and the Trap of Maya
Klein [4] highlights that GPT-5 feels less like a gimmick and more like a genuine assistant, helping with research, medical queries, and even daily parenting tasks. This is both a marvel and a danger. Sikh teachings [5-7] remind us that worldly fascinations, however dazzling, are still part of Maya (illusion). Guru Nanak cautions that humanity at large is ensnared in the web of worldly illusion and attachment, unable to discern the truth.
The release of GPT-5, the latest advancement in artificial intelligence (AI), has sparked divided reactions. To some, it is a modest technical upgrade; to others, it represents a profound shift in how humans interact with machines. Early users report that GPT-5 feels less like a tool and more like an assistant, capable of providing research support, diagnosing everyday problems, and offering guidance in ways once limited to human expertise. Yet, alongside these benefits arise urgent questions of dependency, ethical responsibility, and ecological cost [4].
From a Sikh perspective, these developments cannot be evaluated merely on technological grounds. Sikh philosophy provides a spiritual framework for assessing whether innovations draw humanity closer to truth or deeper into illusion (Maya). Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s teachings emphasize balance: knowledge and skill must be rooted in Kirat (honest labour), Vand Chhakna (equitable sharing), and Seva (selfless service). Technology that monopolizes collective human knowledge or worsens environmental degradation stands in conflict with these principles.
At the same time, Sikhism encourages the responsible use of resources to promote the welfare of all (Sarbat da Bhala). AI, if guided by humility and justice, has the potential to serve as a tool of liberation rather than enslavement. The critical issue, therefore, is not whether AI like GPT-5 will remain with us, but how humanity chooses to shape its role. This article examines GPT-5 through the lens of Sikh philosophy, considering its ethical, environmental, and spiritual implications for the future of human society.
1. The Wonder and the Trap of Maya
Klein [4] highlights that GPT-5 feels less like a gimmick and more like a genuine assistant, helping with research, medical queries, and even daily parenting tasks. This is both a marvel and a danger. Sikh teachings [5-7] remind us that worldly fascinations, however dazzling, are still part of Maya (illusion). Guru Nanak cautions that humanity at large is ensnared in the web of worldly illusion and attachment, unable to discern the truth.
ਮਾਇਆ ਮੋਹਿ ਸਗਲ ਜਗੁ ਛਾਇਆ ॥
Maa▫i▫aa mohi sagal jag chʰaa▫i▫aa.
The entire world is enveloped by emotional attachment to Maya. (M. 1, AGGS, p. 1342)
Guru Amar Das cautions:Maa▫i▫aa mohi sagal jag chʰaa▫i▫aa.
The entire world is enveloped by emotional attachment to Maya. (M. 1, AGGS, p. 1342)
ਮਾਇਆ ਮੋਹੁ ਸਭੁ ਕੂੜੁ ਹੈ ਕੂੜੋ ਹੋਇ ਗਇਆ ॥
Maa▫i▫aa moh sabʰ kooṛ hæ kooṛo ho▫é ga▫i▫aa.
All attachment to Maya (worldly illusion) is totally false; through it, one only departs in falsehood. (M. 3, AGGS, p. 790)
Maa▫i▫aa moh sabʰ kooṛ hæ kooṛo ho▫é ga▫i▫aa.
All attachment to Maya (worldly illusion) is totally false; through it, one only departs in falsehood. (M. 3, AGGS, p. 790)
AI may appear miraculous, but the Sikh lens asks: Does it bring us closer to truth, or deepen our dependence on illusory comforts?
2. Collective Knowledge and Gurbani on Justice
A central ethical concern raised [4] is that AI companies profit by “inhaling the existing corpus of human knowledge” and reselling it. Gurbani emphasizes fairness and accountability: “Kirat karo, vand chhako” (Earn by honest means and share with others). Guru Nanak states:
ਘਾਲਿ ਖਾਇ ਕਿਛੁ ਹਥਹੁ ਦੇਇ ॥ ਨਾਨਕ ਰਾਹੁ ਪਛਾਣਹਿ ਸੇਇ ॥
Gʰaal kʰaa▫é kichʰ haṫʰahu ḋé▫é. Naanak raahu pachʰaaṇėh sé▫é.
One who lives life with honest endeavour, and shares some of what he has (with others), Nanak says, he knows the Path (to spiritual enlightenment). (M.1, AGGS, p. 1245)
Gʰaal kʰaa▫é kichʰ haṫʰahu ḋé▫é. Naanak raahu pachʰaaṇėh sé▫é.
One who lives life with honest endeavour, and shares some of what he has (with others), Nanak says, he knows the Path (to spiritual enlightenment). (M.1, AGGS, p. 1245)
If AI development rests on the shared wisdom of humanity, then Sikh ethics would demand equitable benefit-sharing, not monopolization by a few corporations. This aligns with Guru Nanak’s vision of Sarbat da Bhala (welfare of all), where collective resources should uplift society, not deepen inequality.
3. Energy, Environment, and Hukam
AI’s growth comes with immense energy demands. Klein [4] reports that by 2030, data centers may consume more energy than Japan does today. Sikh thought emphasizes living in harmony with Hukam (the Divine Order), which includes respect for creation. Gurbani declares:
ਪਵਣੁ ਗੁਰੂ ਪਾਣੀ ਪਿਤਾ ਮਾਤਾ ਧਰਤਿ ਮਹਤੁ ॥
Pavan guru, paani pita, mata dharat mahat.
Air is the Guru, water the father, and earth the great mother (Jap(u), AGGS, p. 8).
Pavan guru, paani pita, mata dharat mahat.
Air is the Guru, water the father, and earth the great mother (Jap(u), AGGS, p. 8).
This verse from the AGGS expresses the Sikh worldview of divine reverence for nature. This hymn conveys that all elements of the natural world are sacred and should be respected as spiritual teachers and nurturers of life. The above verse is also a call to live in harmony with nature, recognizing the sacred role of every element. Instead of exploiting nature, one should honour it as a living teacher, learning humility, gratitude, and the art of balance in life. This verse also connects deeply with Sikh ethics of seva (selfless service), where caring for the environment is a spiritual duty.
If AI advancement accelerates ecological destruction, it betrays the concept of Hukam. The Sikh path encourages the use of technology to align with environmental stewardship, ensuring that human progress does not compromise the sanctity of nature.
4. Human Dependence and the Risk of Ego
The article [4] notes how AI is rapidly infiltrating our lives, becoming a therapist, tutor, friend, and even companion. Users have begun to feel emotional dependence, sometimes preferring AI over fellow humans. Gurbani warns against misplaced reliance:
ਜਿਸ ਤੇ ਉਪਜੈ ਤਿਸ ਤੇ ਬਿਨਸੈ ਘਟਿ ਘਟਿ ਸਚੁ ਭਰਪੂਰਿ ॥
Jis ṫé upjæ ṫis ṫé binsæ gʰat gʰat sach bʰarpoor.
We shall merge into the One from whom we came. The True One is pervading each and every heart. (M 1, AGGS, p. 20)
Jis ṫé upjæ ṫis ṫé binsæ gʰat gʰat sach bʰarpoor.
We shall merge into the One from whom we came. The True One is pervading each and every heart. (M 1, AGGS, p. 20)
This verse from Gurbani conveys a profound metaphysical truth about the nature of creation and the omnipresence of the Divine. It teaches that all creation originates from and ultimately returns to God. Additionally, material forms are temporary; the eternal Truth alone persists. Furthermore, God resides in every heart; recognizing this presence leads to spiritual realization. Thus, in daily life, this verse encourages humility, compassion, and recognition of the divine in everyone. It also points toward the path of meditation and remembrance (simran) to connect with the ever-present Truth within.
Dependence on machines risks inflating the haumai (ego), leading individuals to believe they control knowledge or reality. Sikh spirituality reorients dependence away from technology or self-glorification, towards Naam Simran (remembrance of the Divine) and authentic human relationships.
5. AI and Seva: Technology as a Tool, Not a Master
Yet, AI also offers opportunities. When applied in conjunction with Nishkam Seva (selfless service), it can help alleviate suffering, accelerate medical discoveries, democratize education, and improve access to resources. Guru Nanak Dev taught that knowledge and skills should serve humanity:
ਵਿਦਿਆ ਵੀਚਾਰੀ ਤਾਂ ਪਰਉਪਕਾਰੀ ॥
viḋi▫aa veechaaree ṫaaⁿ par▫upkaaree.
Knowledge becomes meaningful only when it is thoughtfully applied for the welfare of others. (M. 1, AGGS, p. 356)
viḋi▫aa veechaaree ṫaaⁿ par▫upkaaree.
Knowledge becomes meaningful only when it is thoughtfully applied for the welfare of others. (M. 1, AGGS, p. 356)
This verse encapsulates the Sikh ideal of enlightened action: knowledge and learning must lead to ethical, moral, and socially beneficial behaviour. It also aligns with the broader principle of Seva (selfless service), which is central to Sikh teachings.
AI, when guided by ethics and humility, can act as a tool of service, augmenting human potential rather than replacing human dignity.
6. The Central Question: Will AI Leave Us, or Will We Leave Ourselves?
Klein [4] ends his article by pondering: What if we come to prefer AI over human beings, and it never leaves? Sikh philosophy provides guidance here. The true companionship that sustains us is not technological, but spiritual. Guru Arjan Dev calls the Divine Name the eternal companion:
ਏਕ ਟੇਕ ਏਕੋ ਆਧਾਰਾ ॥
Ék ték éko aaḋʰaaraa.
The One Lord is my support, the One is my steady anchor. (M. 5, AGGS, p. 212)
Ék ték éko aaḋʰaaraa.
The One Lord is my support, the One is my steady anchor. (M. 5, AGGS, p. 212)
This verse emphasizes that there is only one true support or foundation in life - God. Everything else is transient; the only unwavering, eternal source of support is the Divine. In Sikh philosophy, worldly attachments, wealth, and relationships are temporary and ever-changing. The Guru reminds us that these cannot serve as a permanent source of strength or stability. Only Ik Onkar, the singular, eternal God, provides steadfast support. The verse resonates with the Sikh principle of Simran (remembrance of God) and living a life rooted in divine truth, rather than being swayed by temporary worldly phenomena.
Thus, while AI may become a permanent presence, Sikhi reminds us that our ultimate anchor is Naam, not algorithms.
Conclusion
The advent of GPT-5 invites not only admiration for its technological sophistication but also a profound reflection on the ethical, spiritual, and societal responsibilities that accompany such rapid advancements. Sikh teachings emphasize a harmonious integration of knowledge, action, and moral accountability. From this standpoint, GPT-5 offers both remarkable opportunities and notable challenges: it provides unprecedented access to information, accelerates problem-solving, and can serve as a compassionate aide in daily life. Yet, as Gurbani repeatedly reminds us, knowledge without ethical application and self-awareness is insufficient. The capacity of GPT-5 to influence human behaviour, shape thought patterns, and mediate learning raises critical questions regarding attachment, dependence, and the cultivation of inner virtue.
From a Sikh perspective, GPT-5 is neither inherently liberating nor inherently perilous. Like all tools, its impact is determined by the consciousness with which humanity wields it. When guided by greed, ego, and disregard for nature, it risks becoming an extension of Maya and exploitation. Conversely, when used with humility, justice, and a spirit of seva (selfless service), it can become a potent instrument for upliftment. Sikhism does not reject technological progress; instead, it calls for grounding innovation in spiritual wisdom (Gian), righteous action (Kirat), and selfless service (Seva).
Applying these principles to AI entails leveraging its capabilities to serve humanity, rather than to reinforce ego, complacency, or exploitation. The environmental and economic ramifications of AI development further underscore the Sikh ethic of stewardship (sarbat da bhala), which advocates for the responsible use of resources and concern for collective welfare. Ultimately, while technological innovations such as GPT-5 can expand human potential, their true value lies in alignment with ethical consciousness, compassion, and spiritual insight. Only then can AI serve not merely as a tool for efficiency, but as a catalyst for wisdom, moral growth, and the betterment of all beings, ensuring that humans, in embracing AI, deepen rather than diminish their own humanity.
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