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ਜਪੁ | Jup
ਸੋ ਦਰੁ | So Dar
ਸੋਹਿਲਾ | Sohilaa
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
Ashtpadiyan (53-71)
Gurbani (71-74)
Pahre (74-78)
Chhant (78-81)
Vanjara (81-82)
Vaar Siri Raag (83-91)
Bhagat Bani (91-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
Gurbani (94-109)
Ashtpadi (109)
Ashtpadiyan (110-129)
Ashtpadi (129-130)
Ashtpadiyan (130-133)
Bara Maha (133-136)
Din Raen (136-137)
Vaar Maajh Ki (137-150)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
Ashtpadiyan (220-234)
Karhalei (234-235)
Ashtpadiyan (235-242)
Chhant (242-249)
Baavan Akhari (250-262)
Sukhmani (262-296)
Thittee (296-300)
Gauree kii Vaar (300-323)
Gurbani (323-330)
Ashtpadiyan (330-340)
Baavan Akhari (340-343)
Thintteen (343-344)
Vaar Kabir (344-345)
Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
Aasaavaree (409-411)
Ashtpadiyan (411-432)
Patee (432-435)
Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
Bhagat Bani (475-488)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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Hard Talk
The Tradition Of New Year's Day
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<blockquote data-quote="spnadmin" data-source="post: 139408" data-attributes="member: 35"><p>Early Americans celebrated New Year in March</p><p></p><p>People once welcomed the New Year in March, the time of the vernal equinox when Mother Earth awoke to spring. Records show the Mesopotamians celebrated the first New Year some 4,000 years ago in mid-March to roughly coincide with the vernal equinox.</p><p></p><p>Other early cultures chose to celebrate the New Year at other times. The ancient Egyptians, Phoenicians and Persians began their new year with the fall equinox, while the Greeks chose the winter solstice as the time to start the year anew.</p><p></p><p>The early Roman calendar designated March 1 as the New Year. The calendar (based on the cycles of the moon — the words moon and month are related) had 10 months, with Quintilis, Sextilis along with September through December as the fifth through 10th months. The names of these months reflected the language's numbers: quinque is Latin for five; sextus is six; septem, seven; octo, eight; novem, nine; and decem, 10.</p><p></p><p>Around 700 B.C., Numa Pontilius, the second king of Rome, added the months of January and February not to the beginning, but to the end of the calendar. The Romans decided to move New Year's Day from March 1 to Jan. 1 because newly elected Roman consuls — the highest officials in the Roman republic — began serving their one-year tenures on Jan. 1, marking the beginning of the civil year.</p><p></p><p>In 46 B. C. Julius Caesar introduced a revolutionary calendar based not on the moon, but on the sun. This "Julian" calendar decreed that the New Year would occur on Jan. 1, and within the Roman world, Jan. 1 became the consistently observed start of the New Year.</p><p></p><p>The medieval church, however, considered the celebration of the New Year on Jan. 1 as pagan. In 567 the Council of Tours abolished that day as the beginning of the year. At various times and in various places throughout medieval Christian Europe, the new year was celebrated March 1; on March 25, the Feast of the Annunciation and the Church's major feast day closest to the vernal equinox; on Easter Sunday; and even on Christmas Day, Dec. 25.</p><p></p><p>Finally in 1582, Pope Gregory XIII's "Gregorian" calendar-reform restored Jan. 1 as New Year's Day. Catholic countries like France, Spain and Italy adopted the Gregorian calendar almost immediately; Protestant countries like Germany and Great Britain followed suit, but only gradually. The British, for example, did not adopt the reformed calendar until 1752. Until then, the British Empire — and their American colonies — still celebrated the New Year in March. After the British adopted the Gregorian calendar, British subjects, including those living in the American colonies, began celebrating New Year's Day on Jan. 1.</p><p></p><p>The practice of inaugurating the President of the United States in March, for example, reflected this idea. The Constitution of the United States had established March 4 as Inauguration Day, and presidents from George Washington to Franklin Delano Roosevelt took office in March. (Exceptions to the rule came with the early deaths of sitting presidents.)</p><p></p><p>It took an amendment to the Constitution — the 20th to be exact — to change, among other things, the inauguration date to January. On Jan. 20, 1937 Roosevelt took the oath of office for the second of four terms. Finally, Roosevelt broke with tradition; on Jan. 20, 1937, he took oath of office for the second of his four terms. In doing so, Roosevelt helped cement Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory's idea that the New Year begins in January.</p><p></p><p><a href="http://alamedasun.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7994&Itemid=10" target="_blank">http://alamedasun.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7994&Itemid=10</a></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="spnadmin, post: 139408, member: 35"] Early Americans celebrated New Year in March People once welcomed the New Year in March, the time of the vernal equinox when Mother Earth awoke to spring. Records show the Mesopotamians celebrated the first New Year some 4,000 years ago in mid-March to roughly coincide with the vernal equinox. Other early cultures chose to celebrate the New Year at other times. The ancient Egyptians, Phoenicians and Persians began their new year with the fall equinox, while the Greeks chose the winter solstice as the time to start the year anew. The early Roman calendar designated March 1 as the New Year. The calendar (based on the cycles of the moon — the words moon and month are related) had 10 months, with Quintilis, Sextilis along with September through December as the fifth through 10th months. The names of these months reflected the language's numbers: quinque is Latin for five; sextus is six; septem, seven; octo, eight; novem, nine; and decem, 10. Around 700 B.C., Numa Pontilius, the second king of Rome, added the months of January and February not to the beginning, but to the end of the calendar. The Romans decided to move New Year's Day from March 1 to Jan. 1 because newly elected Roman consuls — the highest officials in the Roman republic — began serving their one-year tenures on Jan. 1, marking the beginning of the civil year. In 46 B. C. Julius Caesar introduced a revolutionary calendar based not on the moon, but on the sun. This "Julian" calendar decreed that the New Year would occur on Jan. 1, and within the Roman world, Jan. 1 became the consistently observed start of the New Year. The medieval church, however, considered the celebration of the New Year on Jan. 1 as pagan. In 567 the Council of Tours abolished that day as the beginning of the year. At various times and in various places throughout medieval Christian Europe, the new year was celebrated March 1; on March 25, the Feast of the Annunciation and the Church's major feast day closest to the vernal equinox; on Easter Sunday; and even on Christmas Day, Dec. 25. Finally in 1582, Pope Gregory XIII's "Gregorian" calendar-reform restored Jan. 1 as New Year's Day. Catholic countries like France, Spain and Italy adopted the Gregorian calendar almost immediately; Protestant countries like Germany and Great Britain followed suit, but only gradually. The British, for example, did not adopt the reformed calendar until 1752. Until then, the British Empire — and their American colonies — still celebrated the New Year in March. After the British adopted the Gregorian calendar, British subjects, including those living in the American colonies, began celebrating New Year's Day on Jan. 1. The practice of inaugurating the President of the United States in March, for example, reflected this idea. The Constitution of the United States had established March 4 as Inauguration Day, and presidents from George Washington to Franklin Delano Roosevelt took office in March. (Exceptions to the rule came with the early deaths of sitting presidents.) It took an amendment to the Constitution — the 20th to be exact — to change, among other things, the inauguration date to January. On Jan. 20, 1937 Roosevelt took the oath of office for the second of four terms. Finally, Roosevelt broke with tradition; on Jan. 20, 1937, he took oath of office for the second of his four terms. In doing so, Roosevelt helped cement Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory's idea that the New Year begins in January. [url]http://alamedasun.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7994&Itemid=10[/url] [/QUOTE]
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The Tradition Of New Year's Day
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