☀️ JOIN SPN MOBILE
Forums
New posts
Guru Granth Sahib
Composition, Arrangement & Layout
ਜਪੁ | Jup
ਸੋ ਦਰੁ | So Dar
ਸੋਹਿਲਾ | Sohilaa
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
Ashtpadiyan (53-71)
Gurbani (71-74)
Pahre (74-78)
Chhant (78-81)
Vanjara (81-82)
Vaar Siri Raag (83-91)
Bhagat Bani (91-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
Gurbani (94-109)
Ashtpadi (109)
Ashtpadiyan (110-129)
Ashtpadi (129-130)
Ashtpadiyan (130-133)
Bara Maha (133-136)
Din Raen (136-137)
Vaar Maajh Ki (137-150)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
Ashtpadiyan (220-234)
Karhalei (234-235)
Ashtpadiyan (235-242)
Chhant (242-249)
Baavan Akhari (250-262)
Sukhmani (262-296)
Thittee (296-300)
Gauree kii Vaar (300-323)
Gurbani (323-330)
Ashtpadiyan (330-340)
Baavan Akhari (340-343)
Thintteen (343-344)
Vaar Kabir (344-345)
Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
Aasaavaree (409-411)
Ashtpadiyan (411-432)
Patee (432-435)
Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
Bhagat Bani (475-488)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
What's new
New posts
New media
New media comments
New resources
Latest activity
Videos
New media
New comments
Library
Latest reviews
Donate
Log in
Register
What's new
New posts
Menu
Log in
Register
Install the app
Install
Welcome to all New Sikh Philosophy Network Forums!
Explore Sikh Sikhi Sikhism...
Sign up
Log in
Discussions
Hard Talk
Interviews
Surviving A Snake Bite
JavaScript is disabled. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding.
You are using an out of date browser. It may not display this or other websites correctly.
You should upgrade or use an
alternative browser
.
Reply to thread
Message
<blockquote data-quote="spnadmin" data-source="post: 145374" data-attributes="member: 35"><p>Janiki Lenin</p><p></p><p>For centuries, huge numbers of people have died of snakebite in India. In recent decades, there have been several attempts to quantify “huge numbers”. Unless we have these figures, there is no way to assess whether the problem is increasing or decreasing, and which areas are more prone to snakebite, so that something can be done about it.</p><p></p><p>Joseph Fayrer reported that 19,060 Indians succumbed to snakebite in 1880. After a year-long campaign of snake extermination (467,744 snakes were killed for rewards), he reported a marginal decrease: 18,610 people died. But in 1889, the number had shot up to 22,480 deaths when India's estimated human population was 250 million.</p><p></p><p>In 1954, Swaroop and Grab put together the World Health Organization's first global snake bite estimates but they lacked real data from India; they quoted a mere 20,000 deaths. Were they simply using the 1889 figures? In 1972, two Japanese researchers, Sawai and Homma, took a crack at the problem. They visited numerous hospitals around the country and did some extrapolation and came up with 10,000 deaths per year with the caveat that 90 per cent of the victims never approached a hospital.</p><p></p><p>Then in 1998, Chippaux estimated that snakes killed between 9,900 and 21,600 people annually — this was when our population was on the threshold of hitting one billion. In 2005, WHO estimated 50,000 Indians had died of snake bite, but in a study it funded in 2008, the fatality was pegged at 11,000. The same year, the government of India jumped into the number-crunching fray and came up with, ahem, 1,400 mortalities! Apparently, six of the worst-affected states never sent their figures.</p><p></p><p>These estimates don't tell us much about the nature of the problem — has it worsened or become better? So far there has been a little bit of science, but in the face of a huge logistical challenge, numbers were extrapolated to arrive at wildly unstable numbers. Sort of like our wildlife census data.</p><p></p><p>A part of the problem is that snake bite is not a “notifiable disease”, that is, the Health Ministry has not issued a data-collection directive to the states as it has done in the case with AIDS. The other problem is, of course, the obdurate belief in country medicine and quacks rather than anti-venom serum.</p><p></p><p>Recently, Rom took part in a major study to provide the first credible figures ever for India. Codenamed ‘The Million Death Study', it overcame the problems mentioned above by using a method called ‘verbal autopsy'.</p><p></p><p>The results of the study, published last week, provided some astounding figures. Annually, there are a million cases of snakebite in India and of these, close to 50,000 succumb to the bites.</p><p></p><p>When you look around the countryside, where most bites occur, and notice people's habits and lifestyles, these figures aren't surprising. People walk barefoot without a torch at night when they are most likely to step on a foraging venomous snake.</p><p></p><p>We encourage rodents by disposing waste food out in the open, or by storing food grain in the house. Attracted by the smell of rats, snakes enter houses and when one crawls over someone asleep on the floor and the person twitches or rolls over, it may bite in defence.</p><p></p><p>Once bitten, we don't rush to the hospital. Instead, we seek out the nearest conman, tie tourniquets, eat vile tasting herbal chutneys, apply poultices or spurious stones, cut-slice-suck the bitten spot, and other ghastly time-consuming deadly “remedies”.</p><p></p><p>As Rom cattily remarks: “If the snake hasn't injected enough venom, even popping an aspirin can save your life.” That's the key — snakes inject venom voluntarily and we have no way of knowing if it has injected venom, and if it is a lethal dose. The only first aid is to immobilise the bitten limb like you would a fracture, and get to a hospital for anti-venom serum without wasting time.</p><p></p><p><a href="http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article1718191.ece" target="_blank">http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article1718191.ece</a></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="spnadmin, post: 145374, member: 35"] Janiki Lenin For centuries, huge numbers of people have died of snakebite in India. In recent decades, there have been several attempts to quantify “huge numbers”. Unless we have these figures, there is no way to assess whether the problem is increasing or decreasing, and which areas are more prone to snakebite, so that something can be done about it. Joseph Fayrer reported that 19,060 Indians succumbed to snakebite in 1880. After a year-long campaign of snake extermination (467,744 snakes were killed for rewards), he reported a marginal decrease: 18,610 people died. But in 1889, the number had shot up to 22,480 deaths when India's estimated human population was 250 million. In 1954, Swaroop and Grab put together the World Health Organization's first global snake bite estimates but they lacked real data from India; they quoted a mere 20,000 deaths. Were they simply using the 1889 figures? In 1972, two Japanese researchers, Sawai and Homma, took a crack at the problem. They visited numerous hospitals around the country and did some extrapolation and came up with 10,000 deaths per year with the caveat that 90 per cent of the victims never approached a hospital. Then in 1998, Chippaux estimated that snakes killed between 9,900 and 21,600 people annually — this was when our population was on the threshold of hitting one billion. In 2005, WHO estimated 50,000 Indians had died of snake bite, but in a study it funded in 2008, the fatality was pegged at 11,000. The same year, the government of India jumped into the number-crunching fray and came up with, ahem, 1,400 mortalities! Apparently, six of the worst-affected states never sent their figures. These estimates don't tell us much about the nature of the problem — has it worsened or become better? So far there has been a little bit of science, but in the face of a huge logistical challenge, numbers were extrapolated to arrive at wildly unstable numbers. Sort of like our wildlife census data. A part of the problem is that snake bite is not a “notifiable disease”, that is, the Health Ministry has not issued a data-collection directive to the states as it has done in the case with AIDS. The other problem is, of course, the obdurate belief in country medicine and quacks rather than anti-venom serum. Recently, Rom took part in a major study to provide the first credible figures ever for India. Codenamed ‘The Million Death Study', it overcame the problems mentioned above by using a method called ‘verbal autopsy'. The results of the study, published last week, provided some astounding figures. Annually, there are a million cases of snakebite in India and of these, close to 50,000 succumb to the bites. When you look around the countryside, where most bites occur, and notice people's habits and lifestyles, these figures aren't surprising. People walk barefoot without a torch at night when they are most likely to step on a foraging venomous snake. We encourage rodents by disposing waste food out in the open, or by storing food grain in the house. Attracted by the smell of rats, snakes enter houses and when one crawls over someone asleep on the floor and the person twitches or rolls over, it may bite in defence. Once bitten, we don't rush to the hospital. Instead, we seek out the nearest conman, tie tourniquets, eat vile tasting herbal chutneys, apply poultices or spurious stones, cut-slice-suck the bitten spot, and other ghastly time-consuming deadly “remedies”. As Rom cattily remarks: “If the snake hasn't injected enough venom, even popping an aspirin can save your life.” That's the key — snakes inject venom voluntarily and we have no way of knowing if it has injected venom, and if it is a lethal dose. The only first aid is to immobilise the bitten limb like you would a fracture, and get to a hospital for anti-venom serum without wasting time. [url]http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article1718191.ece[/url] [/QUOTE]
Insert quotes…
Verification
Post reply
Discussions
Hard Talk
Interviews
Surviving A Snake Bite
This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register.
By continuing to use this site, you are consenting to our use of cookies.
Accept
Learn more…
Top