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Guru Granth Sahib
Composition, Arrangement & Layout
ਜਪੁ | Jup
ਸੋ ਦਰੁ | So Dar
ਸੋਹਿਲਾ | Sohilaa
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
Ashtpadiyan (53-71)
Gurbani (71-74)
Pahre (74-78)
Chhant (78-81)
Vanjara (81-82)
Vaar Siri Raag (83-91)
Bhagat Bani (91-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
Gurbani (94-109)
Ashtpadi (109)
Ashtpadiyan (110-129)
Ashtpadi (129-130)
Ashtpadiyan (130-133)
Bara Maha (133-136)
Din Raen (136-137)
Vaar Maajh Ki (137-150)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
Ashtpadiyan (220-234)
Karhalei (234-235)
Ashtpadiyan (235-242)
Chhant (242-249)
Baavan Akhari (250-262)
Sukhmani (262-296)
Thittee (296-300)
Gauree kii Vaar (300-323)
Gurbani (323-330)
Ashtpadiyan (330-340)
Baavan Akhari (340-343)
Thintteen (343-344)
Vaar Kabir (344-345)
Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
Aasaavaree (409-411)
Ashtpadiyan (411-432)
Patee (432-435)
Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
Bhagat Bani (475-488)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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Sikh History & Heritage
Sikh Revolutionaries: The Ghadar Party's Oregon Roots
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<blockquote data-quote="spnadmin" data-source="post: 182116" data-attributes="member: 35"><p><strong>Indian revolutionaries have roots in Astoria: Sikhs formed the Ghadar Party 100 years ago.</strong></p><p></p><p><a href="http://www.dailyastorian.com/free/indian-revolutionaries-have-roots-in-astoria/article_a5dc3278-9707-11e2-8d4e-0019bb2963f4.html" target="_blank">http://www.dailyastorian.com/free/indian-revolutionaries-have-roots-in-astoria/article_a5dc3278-9707-11e2-8d4e-0019bb2963f4.html</a></p><p></p><p>By CHELSEA GORROW</p><p></p><p>It was 1913 when a group on Punjabi Sikh Indians in Astoria, working in Alderbrook and along the Columbia River, had an idea.</p><p></p><p>Sparked by the history of the American Revolution, a group of inspired immigrants who were not treated equally at home or in America, held a meeting at the Finnish Socialist Hall, where the Dunes Motel on Marine Drive now sits.</p><p></p><p>It was there that the group founded the Ghadar political party, eventually leading to the freedom of the Indians from British rule. And on the 100th anniversary of the party’s creation – a party that no longer exists – Astoria will be celebrated as the birthplace of “the shot heard around the world.”</p><p></p><p>“Hundreds went back to India with the idea, with this party,” Astoria City Councilwoman Karen Mellin said. “They were a real threat to British rule so they were arrested, tortured, murdered, massacred. But that party was the first shot that was heard around the world. They identified with the American Revolution and what they learned here was a sense of freedom. They learned that if America could have a revolution against the British, that the Indians could do the same thing.”</p><p></p><p>A celebration of the political party’s founding – at first thought to be created in San Fransisco but since corrected – is in the works to be held the first week of October. Mellin hopes it will be a big success and that the Indian Sikhs will become part of Heritage Square eventually, joining the lot where the Garden of Surging Waves is currently under construction.</p><p></p><p>The garden is a tribute to the Chinese who assisted in creating Astoria as we know it, but were treated as less than equal. In many ways, that was also true for the Indians.</p><p></p><p>The week of events, Mellin said, a collaboration between the city, historians and Indians, will be once again heard around the world, as Indians across the globe celebrate their freedom.</p><p></p><p>An Air National Guard flyover is planned. A proclamation for the Ghadar recognition was read at the March 18 Astoria City Council meeting.</p><p></p><p>Indians in Astoria</p><p></p><p>Like the Chinese who came to work in Astoria during the early years of the city’s establishment, Sikh Indians also came, fleeing their homeland that was under British rule and experiencing a drought and a “plague of some sort,” Mellin said.</p><p></p><p>Often misclassified as Hindus once in Astoria, the Indians had fled first to Canada and then trickled down the coast looking for work. Most were Sikhs.</p><p></p><p>The Columbia River provided many opportunities and at one time there were more than 400 Indians in Astoria alone, according to a Kartar Dhillon article in a Cumtux publication.</p><p></p><p>“They came here I think in 1905 and they were all up and down the Columbia River as far as Bonneville,” Mellin said. “They booked passage to Canada but even though the Sikhs were also part of the British empire – and if you belonged to the British Empire under the conditions at the time you could live anywhere – they were discriminated against because they were low-wage earners. There was competition for work at that time, and the discrimination was pretty horrible against them in Canada. ... They were brown so they couldn’t be citizens.”</p><p></p><p>Sikhs eventually moved down to Bellingham, Wash., from Canada, and worked their way towards the Columbia River, until many settled in Astoria.</p><p></p><p>The neighborhoods where they lived in Alderbrook became known as “Hindu Alley.”</p><p></p><p>“The Sikhs were living in Alderbrook alongside the Finns,” Mellin said. “They were working alongside the Finns. This is at a time when the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) were really active. Wages were very low, working conditions were dangerous at best, but somehow in Alderbrook they all had a comradery there because the Finns and the Chinese and the Indians were all kind of classified in the same socioeconomic level.”</p><p></p><p>Most of the Sikhs worked at the Hammond Mill, located on Tongue Point. Their time in Astoria, however, was short-lived. When the mill burned down in 1922, the Indians left the area, too.</p><p></p><p>“That was it,” Mellin said. “They didn’t stick around long after that.”</p><p></p><p>But one family left their mark on the city.</p><p></p><p>They were the Dhillon family – two parents, four children, and three friends.</p><p></p><p>The youngest child, Kartar Dhillon, came back to Astoria in the 1990s with her granddaughter and documentary filmmaker Erica Andersen.</p><p></p><p>Andersen made a film about the Indians in the Northwest, titled “Turbans.” Mellin hopes the film will be brought back to Astoria for the October celebration.</p><p></p><p>But Andersen’s movie was just the start of the focus on the Indians in the Northwest and the birthplace of Ghadar.</p><p></p><p>‘Unusual request’</p><p></p><p>“All of this started with a letter to Mayor Van Dusen,” Mellin said. “Feb. 22, 2013, it says, ‘As mayor, chances are, you get your share of unusual requests.’ The letter writer said she would like to ‘add another one, but I hope you might find this one interesting enough to pursue further.’”</p><p></p><p>The letter was written by Johanna Ogden, who wrote an article, Ghadar, Historical Silences, and Notions of Belonging in the Summer 2013 Oregon Historical Quarterly. She used the help of Liisa Penner at the Clatsop County Historical Society for much of her information and credits her in the article. Penner is Mellin’s sister.</p><p></p><p>“This would have never happened if Liisa Penner hadn’t (helped),” Mellin said. “I feel very privileged to have grown up listening to history with my sister.”</p><p></p><p>In Ogden’s article, she writes that the Daily Budget printed a notice on May 30, 1913, announcing an invitation to hear Har Dyal, a Stanford professor and “noted philosopher and revolutionist in India.” Dyal delivered a lecture on India. His presentation sparked the founding of the Ghadar party, a revolutionary nationalist party that was “an uncompromising and radical new direction for Indian nationalist politics.”</p><p></p><p>“The Punjabi Indians here, not all Sikhs, formed the party Ghadar. It sounds like ‘gudder,’” Mellin said. “They felt welcome enough to be able to use the Finnish Hall and they formed this party. Ghadar means revolution or mutiny. And after that, many of them had gone down to California and the party spread. It was formally thought it was formed in 1913 in San Fransisco but the research shows that no, it started in Astoria and then went to San Fransisco.”</p><p></p><p>When the mill burned down, some of the former Astoria residents returned to India to fight for their freedom under the party. Other Indians in the U.S. went to India as well. They were treated like terrorists, Mellin says, and captured, tortured or killed.</p><p></p><p>But though the party died, the idea lived on. India celebrated its freedom in 1947 after Winston Churchill left office.</p><p></p><p>The Ghadar party formerly dissolved in 1948.</p><p></p><p><strong>See also the blog, India Ink, at <a href="http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/14/american-roots-of-the-indian-independence-movement/" target="_blank">http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/14/american-roots-of-the-indian-independence-movement/</a></strong></p><p></p><p>and <strong>Ghadar Party Martyr's Memorial <a href="http://www.ghadarmemorial.net/memorialhall.htm" target="_blank">http://www.ghadarmemorial.net/memorialhall.htm</a></strong></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="spnadmin, post: 182116, member: 35"] [B]Indian revolutionaries have roots in Astoria: Sikhs formed the Ghadar Party 100 years ago.[/B] [url]http://www.dailyastorian.com/free/indian-revolutionaries-have-roots-in-astoria/article_a5dc3278-9707-11e2-8d4e-0019bb2963f4.html[/url] By CHELSEA GORROW It was 1913 when a group on Punjabi Sikh Indians in Astoria, working in Alderbrook and along the Columbia River, had an idea. Sparked by the history of the American Revolution, a group of inspired immigrants who were not treated equally at home or in America, held a meeting at the Finnish Socialist Hall, where the Dunes Motel on Marine Drive now sits. It was there that the group founded the Ghadar political party, eventually leading to the freedom of the Indians from British rule. And on the 100th anniversary of the party’s creation – a party that no longer exists – Astoria will be celebrated as the birthplace of “the shot heard around the world.” “Hundreds went back to India with the idea, with this party,” Astoria City Councilwoman Karen Mellin said. “They were a real threat to British rule so they were arrested, tortured, murdered, massacred. But that party was the first shot that was heard around the world. They identified with the American Revolution and what they learned here was a sense of freedom. They learned that if America could have a revolution against the British, that the Indians could do the same thing.” A celebration of the political party’s founding – at first thought to be created in San Fransisco but since corrected – is in the works to be held the first week of October. Mellin hopes it will be a big success and that the Indian Sikhs will become part of Heritage Square eventually, joining the lot where the Garden of Surging Waves is currently under construction. The garden is a tribute to the Chinese who assisted in creating Astoria as we know it, but were treated as less than equal. In many ways, that was also true for the Indians. The week of events, Mellin said, a collaboration between the city, historians and Indians, will be once again heard around the world, as Indians across the globe celebrate their freedom. An Air National Guard flyover is planned. A proclamation for the Ghadar recognition was read at the March 18 Astoria City Council meeting. Indians in Astoria Like the Chinese who came to work in Astoria during the early years of the city’s establishment, Sikh Indians also came, fleeing their homeland that was under British rule and experiencing a drought and a “plague of some sort,” Mellin said. Often misclassified as Hindus once in Astoria, the Indians had fled first to Canada and then trickled down the coast looking for work. Most were Sikhs. The Columbia River provided many opportunities and at one time there were more than 400 Indians in Astoria alone, according to a Kartar Dhillon article in a Cumtux publication. “They came here I think in 1905 and they were all up and down the Columbia River as far as Bonneville,” Mellin said. “They booked passage to Canada but even though the Sikhs were also part of the British empire – and if you belonged to the British Empire under the conditions at the time you could live anywhere – they were discriminated against because they were low-wage earners. There was competition for work at that time, and the discrimination was pretty horrible against them in Canada. ... They were brown so they couldn’t be citizens.” Sikhs eventually moved down to Bellingham, Wash., from Canada, and worked their way towards the Columbia River, until many settled in Astoria. The neighborhoods where they lived in Alderbrook became known as “Hindu Alley.” “The Sikhs were living in Alderbrook alongside the Finns,” Mellin said. “They were working alongside the Finns. This is at a time when the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) were really active. Wages were very low, working conditions were dangerous at best, but somehow in Alderbrook they all had a comradery there because the Finns and the Chinese and the Indians were all kind of classified in the same socioeconomic level.” Most of the Sikhs worked at the Hammond Mill, located on Tongue Point. Their time in Astoria, however, was short-lived. When the mill burned down in 1922, the Indians left the area, too. “That was it,” Mellin said. “They didn’t stick around long after that.” But one family left their mark on the city. They were the Dhillon family – two parents, four children, and three friends. The youngest child, Kartar Dhillon, came back to Astoria in the 1990s with her granddaughter and documentary filmmaker Erica Andersen. Andersen made a film about the Indians in the Northwest, titled “Turbans.” Mellin hopes the film will be brought back to Astoria for the October celebration. But Andersen’s movie was just the start of the focus on the Indians in the Northwest and the birthplace of Ghadar. ‘Unusual request’ “All of this started with a letter to Mayor Van Dusen,” Mellin said. “Feb. 22, 2013, it says, ‘As mayor, chances are, you get your share of unusual requests.’ The letter writer said she would like to ‘add another one, but I hope you might find this one interesting enough to pursue further.’” The letter was written by Johanna Ogden, who wrote an article, Ghadar, Historical Silences, and Notions of Belonging in the Summer 2013 Oregon Historical Quarterly. She used the help of Liisa Penner at the Clatsop County Historical Society for much of her information and credits her in the article. Penner is Mellin’s sister. “This would have never happened if Liisa Penner hadn’t (helped),” Mellin said. “I feel very privileged to have grown up listening to history with my sister.” In Ogden’s article, she writes that the Daily Budget printed a notice on May 30, 1913, announcing an invitation to hear Har Dyal, a Stanford professor and “noted philosopher and revolutionist in India.” Dyal delivered a lecture on India. His presentation sparked the founding of the Ghadar party, a revolutionary nationalist party that was “an uncompromising and radical new direction for Indian nationalist politics.” “The Punjabi Indians here, not all Sikhs, formed the party Ghadar. It sounds like ‘gudder,’” Mellin said. “They felt welcome enough to be able to use the Finnish Hall and they formed this party. Ghadar means revolution or mutiny. And after that, many of them had gone down to California and the party spread. It was formally thought it was formed in 1913 in San Fransisco but the research shows that no, it started in Astoria and then went to San Fransisco.” When the mill burned down, some of the former Astoria residents returned to India to fight for their freedom under the party. Other Indians in the U.S. went to India as well. They were treated like terrorists, Mellin says, and captured, tortured or killed. But though the party died, the idea lived on. India celebrated its freedom in 1947 after Winston Churchill left office. The Ghadar party formerly dissolved in 1948. [B]See also the blog, India Ink, at [url]http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/14/american-roots-of-the-indian-independence-movement/[/url][/B] and [B]Ghadar Party Martyr's Memorial [url]http://www.ghadarmemorial.net/memorialhall.htm[/url][/B] [/QUOTE]
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