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Guru Granth Sahib
Composition, Arrangement & Layout
ਜਪੁ | Jup
ਸੋ ਦਰੁ | So Dar
ਸੋਹਿਲਾ | Sohilaa
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
Ashtpadiyan (53-71)
Gurbani (71-74)
Pahre (74-78)
Chhant (78-81)
Vanjara (81-82)
Vaar Siri Raag (83-91)
Bhagat Bani (91-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
Gurbani (94-109)
Ashtpadi (109)
Ashtpadiyan (110-129)
Ashtpadi (129-130)
Ashtpadiyan (130-133)
Bara Maha (133-136)
Din Raen (136-137)
Vaar Maajh Ki (137-150)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
Ashtpadiyan (220-234)
Karhalei (234-235)
Ashtpadiyan (235-242)
Chhant (242-249)
Baavan Akhari (250-262)
Sukhmani (262-296)
Thittee (296-300)
Gauree kii Vaar (300-323)
Gurbani (323-330)
Ashtpadiyan (330-340)
Baavan Akhari (340-343)
Thintteen (343-344)
Vaar Kabir (344-345)
Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
Aasaavaree (409-411)
Ashtpadiyan (411-432)
Patee (432-435)
Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
Bhagat Bani (475-488)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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Semiotics In Guru Nanak’s Hymns
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Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} </style> <![endif]--> <span style="font-size: 12px"><strong>Semiotics in Guru Nanak’s Hymns</strong></span></p><p> <span style="font-size: 12px"><strong>Col Dr Dalvinder Singh Grewal</strong></span></p><p></p><p></p><p> Language is a system of signs. Ferdinand de Saussure defined semiotics “as a general science of all signs or symbol systems by means of which human beings communicate”<a href="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_edn1" target="_blank">http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_edn1</a><em> and ‘Semilogy of communication deals with international signs whose main function is communication’<a href="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_edn2" target="_blank">[ii]</a>. Mounin defined it as “the science of sign or symbol systems by means of which human communicate.”<a href="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_edn3" target="_blank">[iii]</a></em></p><p><em><a href="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_edn3" target="_blank">http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_edn3</a></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em></em></p><p><em>Semiotics also called semiotic studies or semiology, is the study of signs and symbols as elements of communicative behavior; the analysis of systems of communication, as language, gestures, or clothing. It is a general theory of signs and symbolism, usually divided into the branches of pragmatics, semantics, and syntactic.<a href="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_edn4" target="_blank">[iv]</a> Semiotics, is the study of sign processes (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiosis" target="_blank">semiosis</a>), or signification and communication, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_%28semiotics%29" target="_blank">signs</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol" target="_blank">symbols</a>.<a href="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_edn5" target="_blank">[v]</a></em></p><p><em> Semiotics is the thus the study of signs and signifying practices. It is largely the creation of the </em></p><p><em> Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure and the American pragmatist Charles Sanders Peirce. </em></p><p><em> Independently, they worked to better understand how certain structures were able to produce</em></p><p><em> meaning rather than work on the traditional matter of meaning itself. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> Saussure's work on semiotics is better known, and he argued that there was no inherent or </em></p><p><em> necessary relationship between that which carries the meaning (the signifier, usually a word </em></p><p><em> or symbol) and the actual meaning which is carried (the signified). For example, the word</em></p><p><em> "car" is not actually a car - the meaning of car could be carried by any random string of</em></p><p><em> letters. It just so happens that, in English, that meaning is carried by the letter c-a-r. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> Peirce's ideas about semiotics distinguished between three types of signs: icon, index and </em></p><p><em> symbol. Whether a sign belongs in one category or another is dependent upon the nature of</em></p><p><em> its relationship between the sign itself (which he called the referent) and the actual meaning. </em></p><p><em> An icon is a meaning which is based upon similarity or appearance (for example, similarity in </em></p><p><em> shape). According to Pierce, icons are "the only means of directly communicating an idea." An </em></p><p><em> index is a meaning based upon some cause and effect relationship (for example, a weathervane</em></p><p><em> carries certain meaning because of the wind): "Because the indexical sign is understood to be </em></p><p><em> connected to the real object, it is capable of making that object conceptually present." <a href="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_edn6" target="_blank">[vi]</a></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> Finally, a symbol carries meaning is a purely arbitrary way - this is the way natural </em></p><p><em> language carries meaning. Saussure's system is appropriate to language and texts, for the most</em></p><p><em> part, but Pierce's has a wider application, including not just language but also the visual arts. </em></p><p><em> An important concept in semiotics is that signs and meaning are unlimited. Called "unlimited semiosis," this principle makes it clear that one sign or set of signs can take the place of some other sign or set of signs in a theoretically infinite process. If this were not possible, then artists would eventually run out of signs with which to carry meaning, and that would be the end.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> <hr width="33%" align="left" size="1"> <a href="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_ednref1" target="_blank">http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_ednref1</a>1. As quoted by Jeane Martinet, Paris in “What is semiotics?, Pakha Sangam, Punjabi University Patiala , Vol. VI, 1973, p.93.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> <a href="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_ednref2" target="_blank">[ii]</a> Op. cit,</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> <a href="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_ednref3" target="_blank">[iii]</a> Op. cit,</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> <a href="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_ednref4" target="_blank">[iv]</a> <a href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/semiotics" target="_blank">http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/semiotics</a></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> <a href="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_ednref5" target="_blank">[v]</a>Jeam Martinet, “Elements of General Linguistics”.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> <a href="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_ednref6" target="_blank">[vi]</a> On line dictionary Wikipedia, Semiotics</em></p></blockquote><p></p>
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gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} </style> <![endif]--> [SIZE=3][B]Semiotics in Guru Nanak’s Hymns[/B][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][B]Col Dr Dalvinder Singh Grewal[/B][/SIZE] Language is a system of signs. Ferdinand de Saussure defined semiotics “as a general science of all signs or symbol systems by means of which human beings communicate”[URL="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_edn1"][i][/i][/URL][i] and ‘Semilogy of communication deals with international signs whose main function is communication’[URL="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_edn2"][ii][/URL]. Mounin defined it as “the science of sign or symbol systems by means of which human communicate.”[URL="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_edn3"][iii][/URL] [URL="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_edn3"][/URL] Semiotics also called semiotic studies or semiology, is the study of signs and symbols as elements of communicative behavior; the analysis of systems of communication, as language, gestures, or clothing. It is a general theory of signs and symbolism, usually divided into the branches of pragmatics, semantics, and syntactic.[URL="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_edn4"][iv][/URL] Semiotics, is the study of sign processes ([url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiosis"]semiosis[/url]), or signification and communication, [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_%28semiotics%29"]signs[/URL] and [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol"]symbols[/url].[URL="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_edn5"][v][/URL] Semiotics is the thus the study of signs and signifying practices. It is largely the creation of the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure and the American pragmatist Charles Sanders Peirce. Independently, they worked to better understand how certain structures were able to produce meaning rather than work on the traditional matter of meaning itself. Saussure's work on semiotics is better known, and he argued that there was no inherent or necessary relationship between that which carries the meaning (the signifier, usually a word or symbol) and the actual meaning which is carried (the signified). For example, the word "car" is not actually a car - the meaning of car could be carried by any random string of letters. It just so happens that, in English, that meaning is carried by the letter c-a-r. Peirce's ideas about semiotics distinguished between three types of signs: icon, index and symbol. Whether a sign belongs in one category or another is dependent upon the nature of its relationship between the sign itself (which he called the referent) and the actual meaning. An icon is a meaning which is based upon similarity or appearance (for example, similarity in shape). According to Pierce, icons are "the only means of directly communicating an idea." An index is a meaning based upon some cause and effect relationship (for example, a weathervane carries certain meaning because of the wind): "Because the indexical sign is understood to be connected to the real object, it is capable of making that object conceptually present." [URL="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_edn6"][vi][/URL] Finally, a symbol carries meaning is a purely arbitrary way - this is the way natural language carries meaning. Saussure's system is appropriate to language and texts, for the most part, but Pierce's has a wider application, including not just language but also the visual arts. An important concept in semiotics is that signs and meaning are unlimited. Called "unlimited semiosis," this principle makes it clear that one sign or set of signs can take the place of some other sign or set of signs in a theoretically infinite process. If this were not possible, then artists would eventually run out of signs with which to carry meaning, and that would be the end. <hr width="33%" align="left" size="1"> [URL="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_ednref1"][/URL]1. As quoted by Jeane Martinet, Paris in “What is semiotics?, Pakha Sangam, Punjabi University Patiala , Vol. VI, 1973, p.93. [URL="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_ednref2"][ii][/URL] Op. cit, [URL="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_ednref3"][iii][/URL] Op. cit, [URL="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_ednref4"][iv][/URL] [URL]http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/semiotics[/URL] [URL="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_ednref5"][v][/URL]Jeam Martinet, “Elements of General Linguistics”. [URL="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/#_ednref6"][vi][/URL] On line dictionary Wikipedia, Semiotics[/i] [/QUOTE]
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Semiotics In Guru Nanak’s Hymns
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