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Guru Granth Sahib
Composition, Arrangement & Layout
ਜਪੁ | Jup
ਸੋ ਦਰੁ | So Dar
ਸੋਹਿਲਾ | Sohilaa
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
Ashtpadiyan (53-71)
Gurbani (71-74)
Pahre (74-78)
Chhant (78-81)
Vanjara (81-82)
Vaar Siri Raag (83-91)
Bhagat Bani (91-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
Gurbani (94-109)
Ashtpadi (109)
Ashtpadiyan (110-129)
Ashtpadi (129-130)
Ashtpadiyan (130-133)
Bara Maha (133-136)
Din Raen (136-137)
Vaar Maajh Ki (137-150)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
Ashtpadiyan (220-234)
Karhalei (234-235)
Ashtpadiyan (235-242)
Chhant (242-249)
Baavan Akhari (250-262)
Sukhmani (262-296)
Thittee (296-300)
Gauree kii Vaar (300-323)
Gurbani (323-330)
Ashtpadiyan (330-340)
Baavan Akhari (340-343)
Thintteen (343-344)
Vaar Kabir (344-345)
Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
Aasaavaree (409-411)
Ashtpadiyan (411-432)
Patee (432-435)
Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
Bhagat Bani (475-488)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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Gurmat Vichaar
Gurmat Vichar - Discussions
Raagas In SGGS
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<blockquote data-quote="spnadmin" data-source="post: 143878" data-attributes="member: 35"><p><strong>Re: Raagas in Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji</strong></p><p></p><p><span style="color: Blue">There is a wealth of information at this source. If you mouse over this page and click on the embedded inks, each link takes you to another page which explains in great detail, every raag. There are also links at the bottom of the page that discuss instruments, taals, sangeet, and other topics. <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite1" alt=":)" title="Smile :)" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":)" /></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags" target="_blank">http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags</a></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><span style="color: Blue"><strong>Gurbani Raags </strong></span></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_siri" target="_blank">Sri</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_devgandhari" target="_blank">Devghandhari</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_jaitsri" target="_blank">Jaitsiri </a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bilaval" target="_blank">Bilawal</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_maru" target="_blank">Maru</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_sarang" target="_blank">Sarang</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_majh" target="_blank">Maj</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bihagara" target="_blank">Bihagra</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_todi" target="_blank">Todi</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gond" target="_blank">Gaund</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_tukhari" target="_blank">Tukhari </a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_malar" target="_blank">Malhar</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gauri" target="_blank">Gauri</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_vadahans" target="_blank">Wadhans</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bairari" target="_blank">Berari</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_ramkali" target="_blank">Ramkali </a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kedara" target="_blank">Kedara</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kanara" target="_blank">Kanara</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_asa" target="_blank">Asa</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_sorathi" target="_blank">Sorath</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_tilang" target="_blank"> Tilang</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_nutnarain" target="_blank">Nutnarain</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bhairav" target="_blank">Bhairav</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kalyan" target="_blank">Kalyan</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gujri" target="_blank">Gujri</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_dhanasri" target="_blank">Dhanasri</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_suhi" target="_blank">Suhi </a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_maligaura" target="_blank">Mali Gaura </a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_basant" target="_blank">Basant</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_prabhati" target="_blank">Parbhati </a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_jaijaiwanti" target="_blank">Jaijaiwanti </a> </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"> </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"> The Indian Classical Music has three built in pillars called elements of music, they are: </span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"></span></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"><br /> Raga<br /> Mood<br /> Expression</span></li> </ul><p></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><span style="color: Blue"> <strong>A. Raga: </strong></span></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue">Raag, in the Sanskrit dictionary, is defined as "the act of coloring or dyeing" (the mind in this context) and "any feeling or passion especially love, affection, sympathy, vehement desire, interest, joy, or delight". In music, these descriptions apply to the impressions of melodic sounds on both the artist(s) and listener(s). A raag consists of required and optional rules governing the melodic movements of notes within a performance. </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue">Indian classical music is based on raga system, which has continuously evolved over the millenniums, from pre Aryan period until today. The music and ragas also have their roots in the Hindu mythology e.g., Shiv's tandav dance, and Narad's and Saraswati's playing of divine musical instruments are legendary evidences of the existence of music in the world of gods. </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue">The definition and meaning of raga has changed many a times over the long period of history and mythology. The root word for the term 'Raga' is the Sanskrit word 'Ranja' meaning to please, to colour or to tinge. The meaning of the raga revolves around three basic elements: </span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"></span></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"><br /> <br /> colour<br /> passion, and<br /> melody.</span></li> </ul><p></p><p> <span style="color: Blue">The melodic performer utilizes a raag as the foundation for improvisation. A recital explores a raag in an non-metered form and/or within the confines of a cyclical rhythmic structure, using intricate ornamentation of notes. First the raag is introduced with a note or group of notes, and then the improvisation progresses to a more melodically and rhythmically complex form. </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue">The manner in which raags originate is a fascinating subject. Many raags are polished forms of a family of regional folk melodies while others have been created through the imagination of musicians. Some of the latter are raags with their own distinct characteristics whereas other creations are a combination of one or more existing raags. The names of some established raags have changed with time and the characteristics/ definitions of raags also are not as rigid as claimed in theory.</span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><span style="color: Blue"> <strong>History of ragas: </strong></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"></span></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"> Bharata is considered to be the earliest authority on Indian Music. In his work 'Natya Shastra' written in the third century A.D.. he has explained the meaning of ragas but has not given any coherent definition of the word. Later works of this period were produced by Kayshap and Matanga</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"> Pandit Somnath's work titled 'Rag - Vobodh' was produced in the medieval period. He said that a raga was an arrangement of sounds, consisting of musical notes, which possess Varna. Varna here means manner and order in which Svaras (notes) are applied.</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"> The modern writers have given the following definitions of a raga:</span></li> </ul><p></p><p><span style="color: Blue"> i. Fox Strangeway defines a raga as: "An arbitrary series of notes characterised as far as possible as individuals, by proximity to or remoteness from the note which marks the general level of melody, by a special order in which they are usually reinforced by a drone". 1</span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"> Music of Hindustan, Oxford University, 1914, pp. 107 </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue">ii. Herbert A. Popley defines a raga as: "Different series of notes within the octave, which form each other by the prominence of certain fixed notes and by the sequence of particular notes". 2 </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"> <strong>B .Mood</strong></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"> Mood is the frame of mind or state of feelings. It is the comprehensive term for any state of mind in which one emotion or desire or a set of them is ascendant. </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><strong> C. Expression </strong></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue">It is primarily an act or process of representation. It deals with the role of expression in a musical performance, the means of expression and the factors responsible for expression while presenting any raga. </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><span style="color: Blue"> <strong>Ragamala </strong></span></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"> The literal meaning of the word Ragmala is: a chain/necklace (mala) of ragas i.e., a list of ragas. This list differs according to the author and the music school it is based upon. Thus there exists a number of such lists in the music text books. </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"> The Ragamala listed in Guru Granth Sahib belongs to Hanumant school of music. According to Bhai Vir Singh, a Sikh scholar, the ragamala included in Guru Granth Sahib was prepared by Guru Nanak Dev and it contains a list of popular ragas of that period of time. This ragamala must not be read as an index of ragas of Guru Granth Sahib, for it is only a list of popular ragas sung at the time period of Sikh Gurus. </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue">Moreover there are ragas mentioned in the Ragamala which are not included in Guru Granth Sahib, and there are ragas used in Guru Granth Sahib which are not mentioned in the Ragamala. In fact the Ragamala included in Guru Granth Sahib is no way related to the ragas used by the Sikh Gurus to compose their hymns. It is just an independent list of ragas based on Hanumant School of music. </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"> It is also important to note that unlike various Schools of Music, there is no mention of raginis (consort of ragas) or their sons in Guru Granth Sahib. There is a mention of 37 ragas. Thirty one ragas refer to 31 chapters in the musical section of Guru Granth Sahib (pages 14 - 1353), and six other ragas mentioned therein have been mixed with the 31 major names used in Guru Granth Sahib. </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><span style="color: Blue"> The following ragas names, which are used as chapter headings, have been used by the Sikh Gurus to compose their hymns: </span></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_siri" target="_blank">Sri</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_devgandhari" target="_blank">Devghandhari</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_jaitsri" target="_blank">Jaitsiri </a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bilaval" target="_blank">Bilawal</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_maru" target="_blank">Maru</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_sarang" target="_blank">Sarang</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_majh" target="_blank">Maj</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bihagara" target="_blank">Bihagra</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_todi" target="_blank">Todi</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gond" target="_blank">Gaund</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_tukhari" target="_blank">Tukhari </a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_malar" target="_blank">Malhar</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gauri" target="_blank">Gauri</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_vadahans" target="_blank">Wadhans</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bairari" target="_blank">Berari</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_ramkali" target="_blank">Ramkali </a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kedara" target="_blank">Kedara</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kanara" target="_blank">Kanara</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_asa" target="_blank">Asa</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_sorathi" target="_blank">Sorath</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_tilang" target="_blank"> Tilang</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_nutnarain" target="_blank">Nutnarain</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bhairav" target="_blank">Bhairav</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kalyan" target="_blank">Kalyan</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gujri" target="_blank">Gujri</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_dhanasri" target="_blank">Dhanasri</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_suhi" target="_blank">Suhi </a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_maligaura" target="_blank">Mali Gaura </a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_basant" target="_blank">Basant</a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_prabhati" target="_blank">Parbhati </a> <a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_jaijaiwanti" target="_blank">Jaijaiwanti </a></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><span style="color: Blue"> <strong></strong></span></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><span style="color: Blue"><strong> Other six raga names mentioned/used in Guru Granth Sahib are: </strong></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><span style="color: Blue"></span></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"> Asawari*</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"> Lalit*</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"> Hindol*</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"> Vibas</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"> Kafi</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"> Bhopali</span></li> </ul><p></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue">The ragas marked with asterix (*) sign mentioned above are listed in Guru Granth Sahib's ragamala, which has a mention of a total of 64 raga names, including 6 major ragas, 30 raginis and 48 sons of ragas. Thus out of a total of 64 ragas mentioned in the ragamala, the Sikh Gurus have used only 20 (17 major names, and 3 other raga names) ragas and have used 17 (14 major names and 3 other names) other ragas which are not mentioned in the Guru Granth Sahib's ragamala. </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><span style="color: Blue"> <strong> Specialist Terminology to understand musical terms used in the following pages. </strong></span></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> 1. <strong>Thaat</strong>- The tune of seven ascending and descending notes is called 'Thath oio' ,</p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> </p></span></p><ul style="margin-left: 20px"> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue">A Thaat must have seven notes out of the twelve notes [Seven Shuddha, Four komal (Re, Ga, Dha , Ni), one teevra (Ma) ], placed in an ascending order. Both the forms of the notes can be used.</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue">Thaat has only an Aaroha.</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue">Thaats are not sung but the raags produced from the Thaats are sung.</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue">Thaats are named after the popular raag of that Thaat. For example Bhairavi is a popular raag and the thaat of the raag Bhairavi is named after the raag.<br /> </span></li> </ul> <p style="margin-left: 20px"><strong> The music books record ten basic thaats: </strong></p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"></p><p></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_kalyan" target="_blank">Kalyan </a></span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_bilaval" target="_blank">Bilaval </a></span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_khamaj" target="_blank">Khamaj </a></span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_bhairav" target="_blank">Bhairav </a></span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_bhairavi" target="_blank"> Bhairvi </a></span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_asavari" target="_blank">Asawari </a></span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_todi" target="_blank"> Todi </a></span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_poorvi" target="_blank"> Poorvi </a></span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_marwa" target="_blank"> Marwa</a></span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_kafi" target="_blank"> Kafi </a></span></li> </ul><p></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> 2. <strong>Arohi </strong>- The ascending scale (sa re ga ma pa dha ni sa) .This is the pattern of notes in which a Raag ascends the scale. </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> 3. <strong>Avroh</strong>i - The descending scale (sa ni dha pa ma ga re sa) This is the pattern of notes in which a Raag decends the scale.</p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> 4. <strong>Vadi</strong>- The most popular note ,This is a note which is strongly emphasised within a particular Raag. </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> 5. <strong>Samvadi</strong>- The second most popular note,This is a note which is emphasised within a particular Raag, but not as much as the Vadi. </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> 6. <strong>Aurav</strong>- A raga of five notes </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> 7. <strong>Khaurav</strong>- A raga of six notes </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> 8. <strong>Sampooran</strong>- A raga of seven notes </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> 9. <strong>Aurav-Khaurav</strong>- Where arohi has five notes, but avrohi has six notes. </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> 10.<strong> Khaurav-Aurav</strong>- Where arohi has six notes, but avrohi has five notes. </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> 11. <strong>Aurav-Sampooran</strong>- Where arohi has five notes, but avrohi has seven notes </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> 12. <strong>Khaurav-Sampooran</strong>- Where arohi has six notes, but avrohi has seven notes. </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> 13. <strong>Sampooran-Aurav</strong>- Where arohi has seven notes, but avrohi has five notes. </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> 14. <strong>Sampooran-Khaurav</strong>- Where arohi has seven notes, but avrohi has six notes. </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> 15. <strong>Saptaks</strong> - This refers to three divisions of a harmonium </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"></p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"> Mandar - first (top) part of seven notes</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"> Middle - central part of seven notes</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"> Tar - last part of seven notes.</li> </ul></p> <p style="margin-left: 20px"> </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue">16. The notes can be soft (komal) or sharp (teever) </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"></p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"><span style="color: Blue"></span></p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"><span style="color: Blue"><strong>Musical terms regarding a presentation of a raag in vocal style</strong></span></p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue">1.<strong>Sthayee :</strong> The first part of the composition. Mainly develops in the the lower and the middle octave.</p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue">2.<strong>.Antaraa :</strong> Second part of the composition. Develops in the middle or higher note. </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue">3.<strong>Mukhadaa :</strong> The first line of the composition.</p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> </p></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px"><span style="color: Blue"> </p><p><span style="color: Blue"><strong>Common Themes of Shabads placed under Raags of Guru Granth Sahib</strong> </span></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><ol> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Soohi - Being away from home. The soul being away from the House of Lord and the joy of meeting the true husband.</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Bilaaval - beautification of soul, happiness.</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Gaund - Separation, union, surprise.</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Sri - Maya and detachment</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Maajh - yearning to merge with Lord, giving up of negative values.</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Gauri - Principles, serious, thoughtfulness, composed</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Aasa - Hope</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Gujri - Prayer (Pooja)</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Devgandhari - Merging with spouse, self - realization</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Bihaagra - Yearning due to separation of soul and happiness due to meeting the Lord.</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Sorath - Merits of God</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Dhanasari - Mixed theme</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Jaitsree - Stability</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Todi - Maya, separation</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Bairagi - motivation to sing praises of Lord</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Tilang - many words from the vocabulary of Islamic origins are used, sadness, beautification.</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Raamkali - to give up the life of a wandering Jogi.</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Nat Narayan - Joy of meeting the Lord</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Maali Gaura - Happiness</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Maaru - Bravery</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Tukhari - Separation and union with Lord</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Kedara - Love</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Bhairav - Man's state of hell</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Basant - Happiness</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Sarang - Thirst to meet God</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Malaar - State of separated and united soul</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Jaijawanti - Vairaag (Detachment)</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Kalyaan - Bhakti (Prayer) Ras</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Vadhans - Vairaag (Detachment)</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Parbhati - Bhakti (Prayer)</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><span style="color: Blue">Kaanra - Bhakti (Prayer)</span></li> </ol><p></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><span style="color: Blue"> <strong>Feelings communicated by the music of Raags</strong> </span></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"> <ol> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Soohi - joy and separation</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Bilaaval - happiness</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Gaund - strangeness, surprise, beauty</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Sri - satisfaction and balance</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Maajh - loss, beautification</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Gauri - seriousness</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Aasa - making effort</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Gujri - satisfaction, softness of heart, sadness</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Devgandhari - no specific feeling but the Raag has a softness</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Bihaagra - beautification</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Sorath - motivation</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Dhanasari - inspiration, motivation</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Jaitsree - softness, satisfaction, sadness</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Todi - this being a flexible Raag it is apt for communicating many feelings</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Bhairaagi - sadness, (Gurus have, however, used it for the message of Bhakti)</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Tilang - this is a favourite Raag of Muslims. It denotes feeling of beautification and yearning.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Raamkali - calmness</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Nat Narayan - happiness</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Maali Gaura - happiness</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Maaru - giving up of cowardice</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Tukhari - beautification</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Kedara - love and beautification</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Bhairav - seriousness, brings stability of mind</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Basant - happiness</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Sarang - sadness</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Malaar - separation</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Jaijawanti - viraag</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Kalyaan - Bhakti Ras</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Vadhans - vairaag, loss (that is why Alahniya is sung in this Raag when someone passes away)</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Parbhati - Bhakti and seriousness</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Kaanra - Bhakti and seriousness</li> </ol><p><span style="color: Blue"><strong></strong></span></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><span style="color: Blue"><strong>Links to discussion of Gurbani raags</strong></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_siri" target="_blank">Sri</a> </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_devgandhari" target="_blank">Devghandhari</a> </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_jaitsri" target="_blank">Jaitsiri </a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bilaval" target="_blank">Bilawal</a> </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_maru" target="_blank">Maru</a> </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_sarang" target="_blank">Sarang</a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_majh" target="_blank">Maj</a> </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bihagara" target="_blank">Bihagra</a> </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_todi" target="_blank">Todi</a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gond" target="_blank">Gaund</a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_tukhari" target="_blank">Tukhari </a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_malar" target="_blank">Malhar</a> </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gauri" target="_blank">Gauri</a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_vadahans" target="_blank">Wadhans</a> </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bairari" target="_blank">Berari</a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_ramkali" target="_blank">Ramkali </a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kedara" target="_blank">Kedara</a> </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kanara" target="_blank">Kanara</a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_asa" target="_blank">Asa</a> </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_sorathi" target="_blank">Sorath</a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_tilang" target="_blank"> Tilang</a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_nutnarain" target="_blank">Nutnarain</a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bhairav" target="_blank">Bhairav</a> </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kalyan" target="_blank">Kalyan</a> </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gujri" target="_blank">Gujri</a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_dhanasri" target="_blank">Dhanasri</a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_suhi" target="_blank">Suhi </a> </span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_maligaura" target="_blank">Mali Gaura </a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_basant" target="_blank">Basant</a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_prabhati" target="_blank">Parbhati </a></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_jaijaiwanti" target="_blank">Jaijaiwanti</a></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><strong><span style="color: Blue">Additional links: Timing of Gurbani Raags, Taals in Gurbani Sangeet, Glossary of Indian Musical Terms, Musical Instruments</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><strong><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raags_time" target="_blank"> Timing of Gurbani Raags </a></strong></span></p><p> <span style="color: Blue"><strong><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/taal" target="_blank">Taals in Gurbani Sangeet </a></strong></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><strong><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/glossary" target="_blank">Glossary of Indian Musical Terms </a></strong></span></p><p><span style="color: Blue"><strong><a href="http://www.searchgurbani.com/saaj" target="_blank">Musical Instruments </a></strong></span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="spnadmin, post: 143878, member: 35"] [b]Re: Raagas in Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji[/b] [COLOR="Blue"]There is a wealth of information at this source. If you mouse over this page and click on the embedded inks, each link takes you to another page which explains in great detail, every raag. There are also links at the bottom of the page that discuss instruments, taals, sangeet, and other topics. :) [url]http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags[/url] [COLOR="Blue"][B]Gurbani Raags [/B][/COLOR] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_siri"]Sri[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_devgandhari"]Devghandhari[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_jaitsri"]Jaitsiri [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bilaval"]Bilawal[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_maru"]Maru[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_sarang"]Sarang[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_majh"]Maj[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bihagara"]Bihagra[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_todi"]Todi[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gond"]Gaund[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_tukhari"]Tukhari [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_malar"]Malhar[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gauri"]Gauri[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_vadahans"]Wadhans[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bairari"]Berari[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_ramkali"]Ramkali [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kedara"]Kedara[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kanara"]Kanara[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_asa"]Asa[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_sorathi"]Sorath[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_tilang"] Tilang[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_nutnarain"]Nutnarain[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bhairav"]Bhairav[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kalyan"]Kalyan[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gujri"]Gujri[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_dhanasri"]Dhanasri[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_suhi"]Suhi [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_maligaura"]Mali Gaura [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_basant"]Basant[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_prabhati"]Parbhati [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_jaijaiwanti"]Jaijaiwanti [/URL] The Indian Classical Music has three built in pillars called elements of music, they are: [LIST] Raga Mood Expression [/LIST] [COLOR="Blue"] [B]A. Raga: [/B][/COLOR] Raag, in the Sanskrit dictionary, is defined as "the act of coloring or dyeing" (the mind in this context) and "any feeling or passion especially love, affection, sympathy, vehement desire, interest, joy, or delight". In music, these descriptions apply to the impressions of melodic sounds on both the artist(s) and listener(s). A raag consists of required and optional rules governing the melodic movements of notes within a performance. Indian classical music is based on raga system, which has continuously evolved over the millenniums, from pre Aryan period until today. The music and ragas also have their roots in the Hindu mythology e.g., Shiv's tandav dance, and Narad's and Saraswati's playing of divine musical instruments are legendary evidences of the existence of music in the world of gods. The definition and meaning of raga has changed many a times over the long period of history and mythology. The root word for the term 'Raga' is the Sanskrit word 'Ranja' meaning to please, to colour or to tinge. The meaning of the raga revolves around three basic elements: [LIST] colour passion, and melody. [/LIST] The melodic performer utilizes a raag as the foundation for improvisation. A recital explores a raag in an non-metered form and/or within the confines of a cyclical rhythmic structure, using intricate ornamentation of notes. First the raag is introduced with a note or group of notes, and then the improvisation progresses to a more melodically and rhythmically complex form. The manner in which raags originate is a fascinating subject. Many raags are polished forms of a family of regional folk melodies while others have been created through the imagination of musicians. Some of the latter are raags with their own distinct characteristics whereas other creations are a combination of one or more existing raags. The names of some established raags have changed with time and the characteristics/ definitions of raags also are not as rigid as claimed in theory. [COLOR="Blue"] [B]History of ragas: [/B][/COLOR] [LIST] [*] Bharata is considered to be the earliest authority on Indian Music. In his work 'Natya Shastra' written in the third century A.D.. he has explained the meaning of ragas but has not given any coherent definition of the word. Later works of this period were produced by Kayshap and Matanga [*] Pandit Somnath's work titled 'Rag - Vobodh' was produced in the medieval period. He said that a raga was an arrangement of sounds, consisting of musical notes, which possess Varna. Varna here means manner and order in which Svaras (notes) are applied. [*] The modern writers have given the following definitions of a raga: [/LIST] i. Fox Strangeway defines a raga as: "An arbitrary series of notes characterised as far as possible as individuals, by proximity to or remoteness from the note which marks the general level of melody, by a special order in which they are usually reinforced by a drone". 1 Music of Hindustan, Oxford University, 1914, pp. 107 ii. Herbert A. Popley defines a raga as: "Different series of notes within the octave, which form each other by the prominence of certain fixed notes and by the sequence of particular notes". 2 [B]B .Mood[/B] Mood is the frame of mind or state of feelings. It is the comprehensive term for any state of mind in which one emotion or desire or a set of them is ascendant. [B] C. Expression [/B] It is primarily an act or process of representation. It deals with the role of expression in a musical performance, the means of expression and the factors responsible for expression while presenting any raga. [COLOR="Blue"] [B]Ragamala [/B][/COLOR] The literal meaning of the word Ragmala is: a chain/necklace (mala) of ragas i.e., a list of ragas. This list differs according to the author and the music school it is based upon. Thus there exists a number of such lists in the music text books. The Ragamala listed in Guru Granth Sahib belongs to Hanumant school of music. According to Bhai Vir Singh, a Sikh scholar, the ragamala included in Guru Granth Sahib was prepared by Guru Nanak Dev and it contains a list of popular ragas of that period of time. This ragamala must not be read as an index of ragas of Guru Granth Sahib, for it is only a list of popular ragas sung at the time period of Sikh Gurus. Moreover there are ragas mentioned in the Ragamala which are not included in Guru Granth Sahib, and there are ragas used in Guru Granth Sahib which are not mentioned in the Ragamala. In fact the Ragamala included in Guru Granth Sahib is no way related to the ragas used by the Sikh Gurus to compose their hymns. It is just an independent list of ragas based on Hanumant School of music. It is also important to note that unlike various Schools of Music, there is no mention of raginis (consort of ragas) or their sons in Guru Granth Sahib. There is a mention of 37 ragas. Thirty one ragas refer to 31 chapters in the musical section of Guru Granth Sahib (pages 14 - 1353), and six other ragas mentioned therein have been mixed with the 31 major names used in Guru Granth Sahib. [COLOR="Blue"] The following ragas names, which are used as chapter headings, have been used by the Sikh Gurus to compose their hymns: [/COLOR] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_siri"]Sri[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_devgandhari"]Devghandhari[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_jaitsri"]Jaitsiri [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bilaval"]Bilawal[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_maru"]Maru[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_sarang"]Sarang[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_majh"]Maj[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bihagara"]Bihagra[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_todi"]Todi[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gond"]Gaund[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_tukhari"]Tukhari [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_malar"]Malhar[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gauri"]Gauri[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_vadahans"]Wadhans[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bairari"]Berari[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_ramkali"]Ramkali [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kedara"]Kedara[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kanara"]Kanara[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_asa"]Asa[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_sorathi"]Sorath[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_tilang"] Tilang[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_nutnarain"]Nutnarain[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bhairav"]Bhairav[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kalyan"]Kalyan[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gujri"]Gujri[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_dhanasri"]Dhanasri[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_suhi"]Suhi [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_maligaura"]Mali Gaura [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_basant"]Basant[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_prabhati"]Parbhati [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_jaijaiwanti"]Jaijaiwanti [/URL] [COLOR="Blue"] [B] Other six raga names mentioned/used in Guru Granth Sahib are: [/B] [/COLOR] [LIST] [*] Asawari* [*] Lalit* [*] Hindol* [*] Vibas [*] Kafi [*] Bhopali [/LIST] The ragas marked with asterix (*) sign mentioned above are listed in Guru Granth Sahib's ragamala, which has a mention of a total of 64 raga names, including 6 major ragas, 30 raginis and 48 sons of ragas. Thus out of a total of 64 ragas mentioned in the ragamala, the Sikh Gurus have used only 20 (17 major names, and 3 other raga names) ragas and have used 17 (14 major names and 3 other names) other ragas which are not mentioned in the Guru Granth Sahib's ragamala. [COLOR="Blue"] [B] Specialist Terminology to understand musical terms used in the following pages. [/B][/COLOR] [INDENT] 1. [B]Thaat[/B]- The tune of seven ascending and descending notes is called 'Thath oio' , [LIST] [*]A Thaat must have seven notes out of the twelve notes [Seven Shuddha, Four komal (Re, Ga, Dha , Ni), one teevra (Ma) ], placed in an ascending order. Both the forms of the notes can be used. [*]Thaat has only an Aaroha. [*]Thaats are not sung but the raags produced from the Thaats are sung. [*]Thaats are named after the popular raag of that Thaat. For example Bhairavi is a popular raag and the thaat of the raag Bhairavi is named after the raag. [/LIST] [B] The music books record ten basic thaats: [/B] [/INDENT] [LIST] [*][URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_kalyan"]Kalyan [/URL] [*][URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_bilaval"]Bilaval [/URL] [*][URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_khamaj"]Khamaj [/URL] [*][URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_bhairav"]Bhairav [/URL] [*][URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_bhairavi"] Bhairvi [/URL] [*][URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_asavari"]Asawari [/URL] [*][URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_todi"] Todi [/URL] [*][URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_poorvi"] Poorvi [/URL] [*][URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_marwa"] Marwa[/URL] [*][URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/thaat_kafi"] Kafi [/URL] [/LIST] [INDENT] 2. [B]Arohi [/B]- The ascending scale (sa re ga ma pa dha ni sa) .This is the pattern of notes in which a Raag ascends the scale. 3. [B]Avroh[/B]i - The descending scale (sa ni dha pa ma ga re sa) This is the pattern of notes in which a Raag decends the scale. 4. [B]Vadi[/B]- The most popular note ,This is a note which is strongly emphasised within a particular Raag. 5. [B]Samvadi[/B]- The second most popular note,This is a note which is emphasised within a particular Raag, but not as much as the Vadi. 6. [B]Aurav[/B]- A raga of five notes 7. [B]Khaurav[/B]- A raga of six notes 8. [B]Sampooran[/B]- A raga of seven notes 9. [B]Aurav-Khaurav[/B]- Where arohi has five notes, but avrohi has six notes. 10.[B] Khaurav-Aurav[/B]- Where arohi has six notes, but avrohi has five notes. 11. [B]Aurav-Sampooran[/B]- Where arohi has five notes, but avrohi has seven notes 12. [B]Khaurav-Sampooran[/B]- Where arohi has six notes, but avrohi has seven notes. 13. [B]Sampooran-Aurav[/B]- Where arohi has seven notes, but avrohi has five notes. 14. [B]Sampooran-Khaurav[/B]- Where arohi has seven notes, but avrohi has six notes. 15. [B]Saptaks[/B] - This refers to three divisions of a harmonium [LIST] [*] Mandar - first (top) part of seven notes [*] Middle - central part of seven notes [*] Tar - last part of seven notes. [/LIST] 16. The notes can be soft (komal) or sharp (teever) [COLOR="Blue"] [B]Musical terms regarding a presentation of a raag in vocal style[/B][/COLOR] 1.[B]Sthayee :[/B] The first part of the composition. Mainly develops in the the lower and the middle octave. 2.[B].Antaraa :[/B] Second part of the composition. Develops in the middle or higher note. 3.[B]Mukhadaa :[/B] The first line of the composition. [/INDENT] [COLOR="Blue"][B]Common Themes of Shabads placed under Raags of Guru Granth Sahib[/B] [/COLOR] [LIST=1] [*]Soohi - Being away from home. The soul being away from the House of Lord and the joy of meeting the true husband. [*]Bilaaval - beautification of soul, happiness. [*]Gaund - Separation, union, surprise. [*]Sri - Maya and detachment [*]Maajh - yearning to merge with Lord, giving up of negative values. [*]Gauri - Principles, serious, thoughtfulness, composed [*]Aasa - Hope [*]Gujri - Prayer (Pooja) [*]Devgandhari - Merging with spouse, self - realization [*]Bihaagra - Yearning due to separation of soul and happiness due to meeting the Lord. [*]Sorath - Merits of God [*]Dhanasari - Mixed theme [*]Jaitsree - Stability [*]Todi - Maya, separation [*]Bairagi - motivation to sing praises of Lord [*]Tilang - many words from the vocabulary of Islamic origins are used, sadness, beautification. [*]Raamkali - to give up the life of a wandering Jogi. [*]Nat Narayan - Joy of meeting the Lord [*]Maali Gaura - Happiness [*]Maaru - Bravery [*]Tukhari - Separation and union with Lord [*]Kedara - Love [*]Bhairav - Man's state of hell [*]Basant - Happiness [*]Sarang - Thirst to meet God [*]Malaar - State of separated and united soul [*]Jaijawanti - Vairaag (Detachment) [*]Kalyaan - Bhakti (Prayer) Ras [*]Vadhans - Vairaag (Detachment) [*]Parbhati - Bhakti (Prayer) [*]Kaanra - Bhakti (Prayer) [/LIST] [COLOR="Blue"] [B]Feelings communicated by the music of Raags[/B] [/COLOR] [LIST=1] [*]Soohi - joy and separation [*]Bilaaval - happiness [*]Gaund - strangeness, surprise, beauty [*]Sri - satisfaction and balance [*]Maajh - loss, beautification [*]Gauri - seriousness [*]Aasa - making effort [*]Gujri - satisfaction, softness of heart, sadness [*]Devgandhari - no specific feeling but the Raag has a softness [*]Bihaagra - beautification [*]Sorath - motivation [*]Dhanasari - inspiration, motivation [*]Jaitsree - softness, satisfaction, sadness [*]Todi - this being a flexible Raag it is apt for communicating many feelings [*]Bhairaagi - sadness, (Gurus have, however, used it for the message of Bhakti) [*]Tilang - this is a favourite Raag of Muslims. It denotes feeling of beautification and yearning. [*]Raamkali - calmness [*]Nat Narayan - happiness [*]Maali Gaura - happiness [*]Maaru - giving up of cowardice [*]Tukhari - beautification [*]Kedara - love and beautification [*]Bhairav - seriousness, brings stability of mind [*]Basant - happiness [*]Sarang - sadness [*]Malaar - separation [*]Jaijawanti - viraag [*]Kalyaan - Bhakti Ras [*]Vadhans - vairaag, loss (that is why Alahniya is sung in this Raag when someone passes away) [*]Parbhati - Bhakti and seriousness [*]Kaanra - Bhakti and seriousness [/LIST] [COLOR="Blue"][B] Links to discussion of Gurbani raags[/B][/COLOR] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_siri"]Sri[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_devgandhari"]Devghandhari[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_jaitsri"]Jaitsiri [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bilaval"]Bilawal[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_maru"]Maru[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_sarang"]Sarang[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_majh"]Maj[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bihagara"]Bihagra[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_todi"]Todi[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gond"]Gaund[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_tukhari"]Tukhari [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_malar"]Malhar[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gauri"]Gauri[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_vadahans"]Wadhans[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bairari"]Berari[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_ramkali"]Ramkali [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kedara"]Kedara[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kanara"]Kanara[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_asa"]Asa[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_sorathi"]Sorath[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_tilang"] Tilang[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_nutnarain"]Nutnarain[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_bhairav"]Bhairav[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_kalyan"]Kalyan[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_gujri"]Gujri[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_dhanasri"]Dhanasri[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_suhi"]Suhi [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_maligaura"]Mali Gaura [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_basant"]Basant[/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_prabhati"]Parbhati [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raag_jaijaiwanti"]Jaijaiwanti[/URL] [B][COLOR="Blue"]Additional links: Timing of Gurbani Raags, Taals in Gurbani Sangeet, Glossary of Indian Musical Terms, Musical Instruments[/COLOR][/B] [B][URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/raags_time"] Timing of Gurbani Raags [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/taal"]Taals in Gurbani Sangeet [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/glossary"]Glossary of Indian Musical Terms [/URL] [URL="http://www.searchgurbani.com/saaj"]Musical Instruments [/URL][/B][/COLOR] [/QUOTE]
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Raagas In SGGS
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