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Guru Granth Sahib
Composition, Arrangement & Layout
ਜਪੁ | Jup
ਸੋ ਦਰੁ | So Dar
ਸੋਹਿਲਾ | Sohilaa
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
Ashtpadiyan (53-71)
Gurbani (71-74)
Pahre (74-78)
Chhant (78-81)
Vanjara (81-82)
Vaar Siri Raag (83-91)
Bhagat Bani (91-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
Gurbani (94-109)
Ashtpadi (109)
Ashtpadiyan (110-129)
Ashtpadi (129-130)
Ashtpadiyan (130-133)
Bara Maha (133-136)
Din Raen (136-137)
Vaar Maajh Ki (137-150)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
Ashtpadiyan (220-234)
Karhalei (234-235)
Ashtpadiyan (235-242)
Chhant (242-249)
Baavan Akhari (250-262)
Sukhmani (262-296)
Thittee (296-300)
Gauree kii Vaar (300-323)
Gurbani (323-330)
Ashtpadiyan (330-340)
Baavan Akhari (340-343)
Thintteen (343-344)
Vaar Kabir (344-345)
Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
Aasaavaree (409-411)
Ashtpadiyan (411-432)
Patee (432-435)
Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
Bhagat Bani (475-488)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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Mysterious Deep Sea Jets Alter Global Climate
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<blockquote data-quote="spnadmin" data-source="post: 146596" data-attributes="member: 35"><p>For the first time, scientists have discovered mysterious deep seat jets of water, which cause anomalies in wind, rainfall and sea temperature across the tropical Atlantic.</p><p></p><p>Past research has shown that the oceans impact climate in a multitude of ways, most notably with the ocean atmosphere phenomena known as El Nino and La Nina, where patterns of warmth and cold in the Pacific wreak havoc worldwide.</p><p></p><p>Now oceanographers found that regular climate fluctuations in the tropical Atlantic are apparently caused by hitherto unknown deep jets of water travelling from the abyss up about 3,000 meters, LiveScience reported.</p><p></p><p>“To date, when trying to explain tropical climate variations, we have always looked upwards, specifically to the atmosphere,” said researcher Peter Brandt of the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences in Kiel, Germany.</p><p></p><p>“Our new data, for the first time, direct our attention towards the depths of the ocean, thereby opening new perspectives.”</p><p></p><p>Detailing their findings in the journal Nature, the researchers said these currents flow at speeds of 1,180 to 2,360 feet per hour (10 to 20 centimetres per second) along the equator, crossing the entire Atlantic.</p><p></p><p>The kinetic energy they pack alters surface currents, leading to fluctuations in climate that regularly cycle about every 4.5 years. Among the areas these fluctuations impact is West Africa.</p><p></p><p>Rainfall linked with the West African Monsoon has a big effect on agriculture, water resources and health concerns in one of the more densely populated regions in Africa, Brandt said.</p><p></p><p>The scientists investigated these jets from the abyss using deep sea moorings located along the equator, consisting of several miles of wire held upright in the water column by floats and buoys.</p><p></p><p>Instruments mounted along the wire continuously recorded water speed, direction, salt levels and temperature over the long-term. The researchers also gathered data using freely drifting deep sea buoys called Argo floats, as well as from satellite.</p><p></p><p>“We have studied sea surface temperature variability in the tropical Atlantic for a long time and we also study deep circulation,” Brandt said. “At one point, we saw that they are both closely connected.”</p><p></p><p>It still remains uncertain what might cause these deep jets. But, it is speculated that strong monthly fluctuations in movement of the ocean’s surface propagate downward to generate conditions for the jets in the abyss, Brandt said.</p><p></p><p>“How large the effect of these deep jets is, and how they are generated is still somewhat of a mystery. We still have a lot of work ahead of us,” he said. He said that they are going to retrieve and redeploy our moorings along the equator on a research cruise this month.</p><p></p><p>“We hope that the new data will provide new insight into the processes of the deep sea, thereby also contributing to an improved climate prediction for West Africa.”</p><p></p><p><a href="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/article2031857.ece" target="_blank">http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/article2031857.ece</a></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="spnadmin, post: 146596, member: 35"] For the first time, scientists have discovered mysterious deep seat jets of water, which cause anomalies in wind, rainfall and sea temperature across the tropical Atlantic. Past research has shown that the oceans impact climate in a multitude of ways, most notably with the ocean atmosphere phenomena known as El Nino and La Nina, where patterns of warmth and cold in the Pacific wreak havoc worldwide. Now oceanographers found that regular climate fluctuations in the tropical Atlantic are apparently caused by hitherto unknown deep jets of water travelling from the abyss up about 3,000 meters, LiveScience reported. “To date, when trying to explain tropical climate variations, we have always looked upwards, specifically to the atmosphere,” said researcher Peter Brandt of the Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences in Kiel, Germany. “Our new data, for the first time, direct our attention towards the depths of the ocean, thereby opening new perspectives.” Detailing their findings in the journal Nature, the researchers said these currents flow at speeds of 1,180 to 2,360 feet per hour (10 to 20 centimetres per second) along the equator, crossing the entire Atlantic. The kinetic energy they pack alters surface currents, leading to fluctuations in climate that regularly cycle about every 4.5 years. Among the areas these fluctuations impact is West Africa. Rainfall linked with the West African Monsoon has a big effect on agriculture, water resources and health concerns in one of the more densely populated regions in Africa, Brandt said. The scientists investigated these jets from the abyss using deep sea moorings located along the equator, consisting of several miles of wire held upright in the water column by floats and buoys. Instruments mounted along the wire continuously recorded water speed, direction, salt levels and temperature over the long-term. The researchers also gathered data using freely drifting deep sea buoys called Argo floats, as well as from satellite. “We have studied sea surface temperature variability in the tropical Atlantic for a long time and we also study deep circulation,” Brandt said. “At one point, we saw that they are both closely connected.” It still remains uncertain what might cause these deep jets. But, it is speculated that strong monthly fluctuations in movement of the ocean’s surface propagate downward to generate conditions for the jets in the abyss, Brandt said. “How large the effect of these deep jets is, and how they are generated is still somewhat of a mystery. We still have a lot of work ahead of us,” he said. He said that they are going to retrieve and redeploy our moorings along the equator on a research cruise this month. “We hope that the new data will provide new insight into the processes of the deep sea, thereby also contributing to an improved climate prediction for West Africa.” [url]http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/article2031857.ece[/url] [/QUOTE]
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