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Guru Granth Sahib
Composition, Arrangement & Layout
ਜਪੁ | Jup
ਸੋ ਦਰੁ | So Dar
ਸੋਹਿਲਾ | Sohilaa
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
Ashtpadiyan (53-71)
Gurbani (71-74)
Pahre (74-78)
Chhant (78-81)
Vanjara (81-82)
Vaar Siri Raag (83-91)
Bhagat Bani (91-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
Gurbani (94-109)
Ashtpadi (109)
Ashtpadiyan (110-129)
Ashtpadi (129-130)
Ashtpadiyan (130-133)
Bara Maha (133-136)
Din Raen (136-137)
Vaar Maajh Ki (137-150)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
Ashtpadiyan (220-234)
Karhalei (234-235)
Ashtpadiyan (235-242)
Chhant (242-249)
Baavan Akhari (250-262)
Sukhmani (262-296)
Thittee (296-300)
Gauree kii Vaar (300-323)
Gurbani (323-330)
Ashtpadiyan (330-340)
Baavan Akhari (340-343)
Thintteen (343-344)
Vaar Kabir (344-345)
Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
Aasaavaree (409-411)
Ashtpadiyan (411-432)
Patee (432-435)
Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
Bhagat Bani (475-488)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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<blockquote data-quote="Tejwant Singh" data-source="post: 210216" data-attributes="member: 138"><p>Inderjeet ji,</p><p></p><p>Guru Fateh.</p><p></p><p>Great thought provoking article as usual and thanks for your perspective.</p><p></p><p>Following is a little snippet from the National Geographic about the disappearing languages.</p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><strong>"Losing Our World's Languages</strong></span></p><p>By 2100, more than half of the more than 7,000 languages spoken on Earth—many of them not yet recorded—may disappear, taking with them a wealth of knowledge about history, culture, the natural environment, and the human brain.</p><p></p><p>National Geographic's Enduring Voices Project (conducted in collaboration with the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages) strives to preserve endangered languages by identifying language hotspots—the places on our planet with the most unique, poorly understood, or threatened indigenous languages—and documenting the languages and cultures within them".</p><p><a href="http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/enduring-voices/" target="_blank">Enduring Voices Project, Endangered Languages, Map, Facts, Photos, Videos -- National Geographic</a></p><p></p><p>Punjabi was an oral language of a very large northwestern region of India, it was written in the local languages' alphabets. Its demise was certain because it had not recorded in written words till Guru Angad Dev created Gurmukhi alphabets based on Indic languages.</p><p></p><p>This had two affects.</p><p></p><p>The first one was that Gurmukhi- written Punjabi, became a religious language of the Sikhs which was of utter importance to have the record. SGGS, our only Guru is the fruit of all this.</p><p></p><p>On the other hand its side effects were many. Gurmukhi became the segregation line among the Punjabi speaking people of different religions because they considered Gurmukhi only linked to Sikhi, the religion, not to all the Punjabi speaking people. I also think it was due to the multiple languages spoken in India by the natives and many more shoved into our psyche by the the invaders from all over the world for centuries.</p><p></p><p>Then due to the Hindutva propaganda, Punjabi became more a street language hence crude and less sophisticated as compared to Hindi which made many Sikhs living in New Delhi where Punjabi was mostly spoken before this propaganda, all, including the Sikhs, started speaking Hindi which became one common language for Indians in Delhi coming from the different regions with their own dialects and languages.</p><p></p><p>My parents moved my siblings and myself from a Convent School to Central School (Kendriya Vidhaliya-Sp) in 1965 which was managed by the Central government. All Central schools are meant for the armed forces plus some civilians. We had two first languages. English and Hindi. Sanskrit was optional which I did take for a year then and much later in my life studied on my own.</p><p></p><p>I was kind of an activist- a trouble maker to put it bluntly. Any havoc that took place at school, the first finger used be pointed at me.The Principal was a family friend and a Sikh lady, more importantly, my Papa ji and her were like siblings.In other words she was my 'Bhua' which was a double edged sword but as she was close to the family, all the problems created by me were kept between myself and my Bhua rather than asking for parents to show up. She was my buffer zone.</p><p></p><p>I was 12 in the 7th grade when I convinced the School Principal to have Punjabi as an optional language along with Sanskrit, the first in any Central School in the cantonments of Punjab. This was very helpful to all the Punjabis not only the Sikhs but also some Hindus who also joined in.The year was 1966.</p><p></p><p>Fast forward to 1985 when I went back to India after 15 years. All my siblings were married except myself. The most shocking part was when I saw my youngest sister who knows Punjabi and Gurmukhi was talking in Hindi with her hubby who only spoke the same and also with the kids. Her hubby is from Faridabad.</p><p></p><p>One more shocking incident from my other brother in law who was a Lt. Col in the Army then, was born and bred in Amritsar but did not know how to read Punjabi. The way I found that out was when I took him to the bus station to catch a bus to Amritsar, he needed my help to know which bus was going there.</p><p></p><p>As we can not impose that Punjabi must be spoken by all the Punjabis or those of Punjabi origin, the least we can do is to make sure our kids learn and speak Punjabi. It seems this is taken more seriously by the Sikhs in the diaspora than in India which is pathetic to say the least.</p><p></p><p>One last anecdote. When I was teaching ESL- English as a second language in Brazil, I was very lucky to climb the ladder very quickly at the best ESL and the most expensive school in Brazil. The school charged $5000.00 for 8 hours a week for a two month class in the 70's and the 80's and this was for the basic course. I became one of the teachers' trainers, although I had no background in teaching before this. I had no idea I had this in me.</p><p></p><p>When I got into the class of the first graders for the first time, many of the students were executives, working in the big multinationals who were forced to learn English and also, for many, it is a status symbol especially for the rich and famous including the bored wives after their ballet classes. I came to know later on what they wondered about when I entered the class with my black turban. They asked each other jokingly where I had parked my elephant. <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite1" alt=":)" title="Smile :)" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":)" /></p><p></p><p>I used oral Punjabi for the new potential teachers during the training for two hours non- stop. Repetition was the only way to learn a language.The reason being, I wanted them to be in the Brazilian students' shoes and face the same difficulties learning a foreign language. Many of them literally cried during the training but it was the most potent weapon to cultivate empathy for their own students and needless to say that it was very successful.</p><p></p><p>In closing, I would suggest that it is imperative for us to make Punjabi thrive rather than we, getting proselytised by ourselves due to the sheer lack of grit, in speaking Hindi.</p><p></p><p>Let's remind ourselves often that when a language dies, its culture perishes with it.</p><p></p><p>Thanks once again.</p><p></p><p>Tejwant Singh</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Tejwant Singh, post: 210216, member: 138"] Inderjeet ji, Guru Fateh. Great thought provoking article as usual and thanks for your perspective. Following is a little snippet from the National Geographic about the disappearing languages. [SIZE=4][B]"Losing Our World's Languages[/B][/SIZE] By 2100, more than half of the more than 7,000 languages spoken on Earth—many of them not yet recorded—may disappear, taking with them a wealth of knowledge about history, culture, the natural environment, and the human brain. National Geographic's Enduring Voices Project (conducted in collaboration with the Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages) strives to preserve endangered languages by identifying language hotspots—the places on our planet with the most unique, poorly understood, or threatened indigenous languages—and documenting the languages and cultures within them". [URL='http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/enduring-voices/']Enduring Voices Project, Endangered Languages, Map, Facts, Photos, Videos -- National Geographic[/URL] Punjabi was an oral language of a very large northwestern region of India, it was written in the local languages' alphabets. Its demise was certain because it had not recorded in written words till Guru Angad Dev created Gurmukhi alphabets based on Indic languages. This had two affects. The first one was that Gurmukhi- written Punjabi, became a religious language of the Sikhs which was of utter importance to have the record. SGGS, our only Guru is the fruit of all this. On the other hand its side effects were many. Gurmukhi became the segregation line among the Punjabi speaking people of different religions because they considered Gurmukhi only linked to Sikhi, the religion, not to all the Punjabi speaking people. I also think it was due to the multiple languages spoken in India by the natives and many more shoved into our psyche by the the invaders from all over the world for centuries. Then due to the Hindutva propaganda, Punjabi became more a street language hence crude and less sophisticated as compared to Hindi which made many Sikhs living in New Delhi where Punjabi was mostly spoken before this propaganda, all, including the Sikhs, started speaking Hindi which became one common language for Indians in Delhi coming from the different regions with their own dialects and languages. My parents moved my siblings and myself from a Convent School to Central School (Kendriya Vidhaliya-Sp) in 1965 which was managed by the Central government. All Central schools are meant for the armed forces plus some civilians. We had two first languages. English and Hindi. Sanskrit was optional which I did take for a year then and much later in my life studied on my own. I was kind of an activist- a trouble maker to put it bluntly. Any havoc that took place at school, the first finger used be pointed at me.The Principal was a family friend and a Sikh lady, more importantly, my Papa ji and her were like siblings.In other words she was my 'Bhua' which was a double edged sword but as she was close to the family, all the problems created by me were kept between myself and my Bhua rather than asking for parents to show up. She was my buffer zone. I was 12 in the 7th grade when I convinced the School Principal to have Punjabi as an optional language along with Sanskrit, the first in any Central School in the cantonments of Punjab. This was very helpful to all the Punjabis not only the Sikhs but also some Hindus who also joined in.The year was 1966. Fast forward to 1985 when I went back to India after 15 years. All my siblings were married except myself. The most shocking part was when I saw my youngest sister who knows Punjabi and Gurmukhi was talking in Hindi with her hubby who only spoke the same and also with the kids. Her hubby is from Faridabad. One more shocking incident from my other brother in law who was a Lt. Col in the Army then, was born and bred in Amritsar but did not know how to read Punjabi. The way I found that out was when I took him to the bus station to catch a bus to Amritsar, he needed my help to know which bus was going there. As we can not impose that Punjabi must be spoken by all the Punjabis or those of Punjabi origin, the least we can do is to make sure our kids learn and speak Punjabi. It seems this is taken more seriously by the Sikhs in the diaspora than in India which is pathetic to say the least. One last anecdote. When I was teaching ESL- English as a second language in Brazil, I was very lucky to climb the ladder very quickly at the best ESL and the most expensive school in Brazil. The school charged $5000.00 for 8 hours a week for a two month class in the 70's and the 80's and this was for the basic course. I became one of the teachers' trainers, although I had no background in teaching before this. I had no idea I had this in me. When I got into the class of the first graders for the first time, many of the students were executives, working in the big multinationals who were forced to learn English and also, for many, it is a status symbol especially for the rich and famous including the bored wives after their ballet classes. I came to know later on what they wondered about when I entered the class with my black turban. They asked each other jokingly where I had parked my elephant. :) I used oral Punjabi for the new potential teachers during the training for two hours non- stop. Repetition was the only way to learn a language.The reason being, I wanted them to be in the Brazilian students' shoes and face the same difficulties learning a foreign language. Many of them literally cried during the training but it was the most potent weapon to cultivate empathy for their own students and needless to say that it was very successful. In closing, I would suggest that it is imperative for us to make Punjabi thrive rather than we, getting proselytised by ourselves due to the sheer lack of grit, in speaking Hindi. Let's remind ourselves often that when a language dies, its culture perishes with it. Thanks once again. Tejwant Singh [/QUOTE]
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