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ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
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ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
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Thintteen (343-344)
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Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
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Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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ਕ਼ Kakka Pair Bindi
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<blockquote data-quote="Serjinder Singh" data-source="post: 183474" data-attributes="member: 13216"><p><?"urn:<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite9" alt=":eek:" title="Eek! :eek:" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":eek:" />ffice<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite9" alt=":eek:" title="Eek! :eek:" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":eek:" />ffice" /><o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />> </o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'"><span style="font-size: 12px">Scripts of different languages are not always perfect. The deficiencies get noticed when one comes across sounds that are new and don’t correspond to the new sounds. These new sounds mostly are noticed either when speakers come across speakers of non-native languages and cultures. Alternatively, one might find certain sounds in one’s own language that have no appropriate consonant or vowel to represent that sound in the script employed to write that native language. In the case of Panjabi language and Gurmukhi script, to write Panjabi, we have both kinds of deficiencies. This is despite the emotional notion that Gurmukhi being standardised by second Guruji or as some enthusiastic Sikhs would claim to having been invented by second Guruji both claims having no appropriate evidence to substantiate these claims. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'"><span style="font-size: 12px">The first kind of deficiencies for Gurmukhi were noticed when the Farsi/Arabic sounds could not be written in Gurmukhi and other Indic languages. These sounds were those corresponding to the letters of Farsi/Arabic letters, Khe, Zaal, Zey, Zuad, and Zoay, Sheen, Ghain, Fey, and Quaf for which there were no corresponding letters in Gurmukh.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">For those of us who haven’t learnt Farsi or Arabic languages it would be difficult to understand the new sounds that cannot be written in Gurmukhi. However we can understand from some examples from the English script use. For instance, we have two letters in Roman alphabet, Z and J. In original Gurmukhi we can represent only the sound ‘J’ as ‘ </span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਜ</span><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'"> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">‘ whereas the appropriate letter for the sound of ‘Z’ does not exist in Gurmukhi. Hence, we do not see any word with a sound of ‘Z’ in Gurbani. Guru Nanak wrote numerous Farsi words in Gurbani, he had to change the original Farsi words where the words had the ‘Z’ sound in it. For example, the word Kagaz (for paper) and Kazian (for muslim religious judges) could not be written in Gurmukhi accurately. In such cases Guruji modified the word itself. Thus we find the word ‘Kagaz’ written either as Kaagad </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'"><span style="font-family: 'Calibri'">(</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਕਾਗਦਿ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਕਲਮ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਨ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਲਿਖਣਹਾਰੁ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Mangal'">॥</span><span style="font-family: 'Mangal'">, Japuji) or even ‘Kaagal’ </span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਕਢਿ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਕਾਗਲੁ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਦਸੇ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਰਾਹੁ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Mangal'">॥</span><span style="font-family: 'Mangal'"> SGGS 471. Similarly, the word for strength in Farsi is Zore. In the absence of any ‘Z’ sound in Gurmukhi, it was written with the ‘J’ sound as ‘</span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਤਿਸ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਤੇ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਭਾਰੁ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਤਲੈ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਕਵਣੁ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਜੋਰੁ</span><span style="font-family: 'Mangal'">॥</span><span style="font-family: 'Mangal'"> The word for Muslim religious judges in Farsi is Qazian but Guru Nanak Dev ji wrote it as ‘Kadiaan’ in Japuji </span><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Mangal'">thus, </span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਵਖਤੁ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਨ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਪਾਇਓ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਕਾਦੀਆ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਜਿ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਲਿਖਨਿ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਲੇਖੁ</span> <span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਕੁਰਾਣੁ</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">The sound of ‘Z’ in Arabic is represented by four different letters Zaal, Zey, Zuad, and Zoay depending on the context and historical spellings of the word. However, all the four letters sound just like ‘Z’ hence all the corresponding Arabic/Farsi words are written in Gurmukhi as ‘J’ in old Gurmukhi literature. But over the past century or longer the modification ‘</span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">ਜ਼ </span><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">‘ Jajjey paireen bindi has been used. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'"><span style="font-size: 12px">It must be remembered that the ‘paireen bindi (dot under the letter) does not change any stress etc in the sound of the letter concerned but is a new sound altogether but similar to the letter under which the dot is placed.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'"><span style="font-size: 12px">Other letters and sounds in this category are ‘Sh’ as in ‘She’, ‘Kh’ as in Scottish word ‘Loch for a lake’ or German word ‘auch’ for ‘also’. In original Gurmukhi we had only the letter ‘ਖ’ but the ‘Khakkhey paireen bindi in now being used. Same is the situation with the soft form ‘Sh’ sound instead of the only harsh sound known to Gurmukhi ie ‘ਛ’. The ‘Sh’ sound is very soft where the ‘ਛ’ is harsh. We these days often write ‘chh’ to represent this harsh sound in Roman script. During the last 125 years the Gurmukhi writers invented ‘Sassey paireen bindi ‘ਸ਼’ for this sound. Same kind of logic is for using ‘paireen bindi’ for Arabic/Farsi sound for ‘ ‘F’ in Gurmukhi.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'"><span style="font-size: 12px">The Kakkey paireen bindi is just an extension of the same process to differentiate the ‘K’ sound of English from that of ‘Q’. In Arabic/Farsi we have two kinds of ‘G’ sounds. One is the usual ‘G’ as in God and in Gurmukhi it is written as simple ‘ਗ’but another one is for the sound of Arabic/Farsi sound of letter ‘Ghain’ one uses ‘ਗ਼’ as for words ‘Moghul’ etc.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'"><span style="font-size: 12px">I have, in another post in this very thread discussed the ‘Lalley Paireen Bindi’ issue to overcome the lack of appropriate letter to write for the retroflex lalla sound ie ‘<strong>ਲ਼</strong></span></span><strong><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">’</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">Humbly</span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Raavi'">Serjinder Singh</span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Serjinder Singh, post: 183474, member: 13216"] <?"urn::office:office" /><o:p>[FONT=Calibri][SIZE=3] [/SIZE][/FONT]</o:p> [FONT=Calibri][SIZE=3]Scripts of different languages are not always perfect. The deficiencies get noticed when one comes across sounds that are new and don’t correspond to the new sounds. These new sounds mostly are noticed either when speakers come across speakers of non-native languages and cultures. Alternatively, one might find certain sounds in one’s own language that have no appropriate consonant or vowel to represent that sound in the script employed to write that native language. In the case of Panjabi language and Gurmukhi script, to write Panjabi, we have both kinds of deficiencies. This is despite the emotional notion that Gurmukhi being standardised by second Guruji or as some enthusiastic Sikhs would claim to having been invented by second Guruji both claims having no appropriate evidence to substantiate these claims. [/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Calibri][SIZE=3]The first kind of deficiencies for Gurmukhi were noticed when the Farsi/Arabic sounds could not be written in Gurmukhi and other Indic languages. These sounds were those corresponding to the letters of Farsi/Arabic letters, Khe, Zaal, Zey, Zuad, and Zoay, Sheen, Ghain, Fey, and Quaf for which there were no corresponding letters in Gurmukh.[/SIZE][/FONT] [SIZE=3][FONT=Calibri]For those of us who haven’t learnt Farsi or Arabic languages it would be difficult to understand the new sounds that cannot be written in Gurmukhi. However we can understand from some examples from the English script use. For instance, we have two letters in Roman alphabet, Z and J. In original Gurmukhi we can represent only the sound ‘J’ as ‘ [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਜ[/FONT][FONT=Calibri][FONT=Raavi] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]‘ whereas the appropriate letter for the sound of ‘Z’ does not exist in Gurmukhi. Hence, we do not see any word with a sound of ‘Z’ in Gurbani. Guru Nanak wrote numerous Farsi words in Gurbani, he had to change the original Farsi words where the words had the ‘Z’ sound in it. For example, the word Kagaz (for paper) and Kazian (for muslim religious judges) could not be written in Gurmukhi accurately. In such cases Guruji modified the word itself. Thus we find the word ‘Kagaz’ written either as Kaagad [/FONT][/FONT][/SIZE][FONT=Raavi][FONT=Calibri]([/FONT][/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਕਾਗਦਿ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਕਲਮ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਨ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਲਿਖਣਹਾਰੁ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Mangal]॥[/FONT][FONT=Mangal], Japuji) or even ‘Kaagal’ [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਕਢਿ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਕਾਗਲੁ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਦਸੇ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਰਾਹੁ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Mangal]॥[/FONT][FONT=Mangal] SGGS 471. Similarly, the word for strength in Farsi is Zore. In the absence of any ‘Z’ sound in Gurmukhi, it was written with the ‘J’ sound as ‘[/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਤਿਸ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਤੇ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਭਾਰੁ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਤਲੈ[/FONT][FONT=AnmolUniBani][FONT=Calibri] [/FONT][/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਕਵਣੁ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਜੋਰੁ[/FONT][FONT=Mangal]॥[/FONT][FONT=Mangal] The word for Muslim religious judges in Farsi is Qazian but Guru Nanak Dev ji wrote it as ‘Kadiaan’ in Japuji [/FONT][SIZE=3][FONT=Mangal]thus, [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਵਖਤੁ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਨ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਪਾਇਓ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਕਾਦੀਆ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਜਿ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਲਿਖਨਿ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਲੇਖੁ[/FONT][FONT=Malgun Gothic] [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਕੁਰਾਣੁ[/FONT][FONT=Raavi][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Raavi]The sound of ‘Z’ in Arabic is represented by four different letters Zaal, Zey, Zuad, and Zoay depending on the context and historical spellings of the word. However, all the four letters sound just like ‘Z’ hence all the corresponding Arabic/Farsi words are written in Gurmukhi as ‘J’ in old Gurmukhi literature. But over the past century or longer the modification ‘[/FONT][FONT=Raavi]ਜ਼ [/FONT][FONT=Raavi]‘ Jajjey paireen bindi has been used. [/FONT][/SIZE] [FONT=Raavi][SIZE=3]It must be remembered that the ‘paireen bindi (dot under the letter) does not change any stress etc in the sound of the letter concerned but is a new sound altogether but similar to the letter under which the dot is placed.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Raavi][SIZE=3]Other letters and sounds in this category are ‘Sh’ as in ‘She’, ‘Kh’ as in Scottish word ‘Loch for a lake’ or German word ‘auch’ for ‘also’. In original Gurmukhi we had only the letter ‘ਖ’ but the ‘Khakkhey paireen bindi in now being used. Same is the situation with the soft form ‘Sh’ sound instead of the only harsh sound known to Gurmukhi ie ‘ਛ’. The ‘Sh’ sound is very soft where the ‘ਛ’ is harsh. We these days often write ‘chh’ to represent this harsh sound in Roman script. During the last 125 years the Gurmukhi writers invented ‘Sassey paireen bindi ‘ਸ਼’ for this sound. Same kind of logic is for using ‘paireen bindi’ for Arabic/Farsi sound for ‘ ‘F’ in Gurmukhi.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Raavi][SIZE=3]The Kakkey paireen bindi is just an extension of the same process to differentiate the ‘K’ sound of English from that of ‘Q’. In Arabic/Farsi we have two kinds of ‘G’ sounds. One is the usual ‘G’ as in God and in Gurmukhi it is written as simple ‘ਗ’but another one is for the sound of Arabic/Farsi sound of letter ‘Ghain’ one uses ‘ਗ਼’ as for words ‘Moghul’ etc.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Raavi][SIZE=3]I have, in another post in this very thread discussed the ‘Lalley Paireen Bindi’ issue to overcome the lack of appropriate letter to write for the retroflex lalla sound ie ‘[B]ਲ਼[/B][/SIZE][/FONT][B][FONT=Raavi]’[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Raavi]Humbly[/FONT] [FONT=Raavi]Serjinder Singh[/FONT] [/QUOTE]
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