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Gurbani (151-185)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
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Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
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Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
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Gurbani (660-685)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
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Gurbani (721-727)
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Gurbani (795-831)
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Chhant (843-848)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
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Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
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ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
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Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
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Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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ਕ਼ Kakka Pair Bindi
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<blockquote data-quote="spnadmin" data-source="post: 183468" data-attributes="member: 35"><p>Gyani ji - To inject some light humor and a different slant on your questions too! </p><p></p><p><span style="color: Olive">It is becoming clearer the WHY of pair bindi. But the WHO? Professor Kahan Singh Nabha?</span></p><p></p><p>I came to the sorry state of needing to know, know badly, about the pair bindi. No longer could I avoid learning them. They still don't make a lot of sense to me. They also add a problem to learning a new language that was not there in the first place ... because Guru Angaad as you say did not use them. Too much rote memorization takes learning a language away from understanding the logic of a language. And it is the logic of a language that the human mind uses to decode that which he/she has not seen before. A dependable rule is used to interpret a new situation. Not the case with bindis.</p><p></p><p>Here is what I found out, from another reliable forum. </p><p></p><p>Where in Indic languages they have been historically used</p><p></p><p><span style="color: RoyalBlue"> "languages owing origin to sanskrit. it is found in marathi (spoken in maharashtra ) and drawidian (southern indian languages). In hindi, only some kaidas (primers) have it. in written hindi it is seldom used. in punjabi we find it in latter day paintee, (thirty five word primer) only, almost never came across in real print." </span></p><p></p><p>Me speaking: <span style="color: DarkOliveGreen">Except I am finding that newspapers use them all the time in headlines.</span></p><p></p><p>How they are used in Punjabi:</p><p><span style="color: RoyalBlue"></span></p><p><span style="color: RoyalBlue">"Putting bindi below a letter in punjabi ascribes stressed voice to the letter, as described by the linguist. For other pairi bindi letters, as said above, these are stressed syllables, normally used in persiam script (used to write urdu)" </span>and </p><p></p><p>A scholar who has written on the topic</p><p></p><p><span style="color: RoyalBlue">"Bhai Kahan Singh NABHA has written in his treatise clearly, that he has used these forms to explain words having origin in other language, and punjabi as written in gurmukhi script does not require these letters. "</span></p><p></p><p>A funny comment on the same thread where all posters were irritated with pair bindi:</p><p></p><p><span style="color: RoyalBlue">"It would not surprise me if in the last forty years it was some academic from Patiala uni who created it because that's the prime place of learning of the Punjabi language and that department has done a lot of great work. However I have never understood how lalla pair bindi differs from a standard lalla. "</span></p><p></p><p>This same poster sheds some light on the problem with pair bindi: </p><p></p><p><span style="color: RoyalBlue">"I read Urdu/ farsi script as well as Gurmukhi and can understand aira, haha and tatta having pair bindis as this would more accurately place some pronunciations that are Arabic or Farsi in origin. But then we would need an alternative sassa for the Arabic s (suad) if we were going down that road and we already have sasse pair bindi for the sh sound - so we may need to introduce sasse pair double-bindi?"</span></p><p></p><p>Another poster explains that bindi crept in stages. They did not enter Punjabi all at once, but the first few were originally introduced by Professor Kahan Singh Nabha.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="spnadmin, post: 183468, member: 35"] Gyani ji - To inject some light humor and a different slant on your questions too! [COLOR="Olive"]It is becoming clearer the WHY of pair bindi. But the WHO? Professor Kahan Singh Nabha?[/COLOR] I came to the sorry state of needing to know, know badly, about the pair bindi. No longer could I avoid learning them. They still don't make a lot of sense to me. They also add a problem to learning a new language that was not there in the first place ... because Guru Angaad as you say did not use them. Too much rote memorization takes learning a language away from understanding the logic of a language. And it is the logic of a language that the human mind uses to decode that which he/she has not seen before. A dependable rule is used to interpret a new situation. Not the case with bindis. Here is what I found out, from another reliable forum. Where in Indic languages they have been historically used [COLOR="RoyalBlue"] "languages owing origin to sanskrit. it is found in marathi (spoken in maharashtra ) and drawidian (southern indian languages). In hindi, only some kaidas (primers) have it. in written hindi it is seldom used. in punjabi we find it in latter day paintee, (thirty five word primer) only, almost never came across in real print." [/COLOR] Me speaking: [COLOR="DarkOliveGreen"]Except I am finding that newspapers use them all the time in headlines.[/COLOR] How they are used in Punjabi: [COLOR="RoyalBlue"] "Putting bindi below a letter in punjabi ascribes stressed voice to the letter, as described by the linguist. For other pairi bindi letters, as said above, these are stressed syllables, normally used in persiam script (used to write urdu)" [/COLOR]and A scholar who has written on the topic [COLOR="RoyalBlue"]"Bhai Kahan Singh NABHA has written in his treatise clearly, that he has used these forms to explain words having origin in other language, and punjabi as written in gurmukhi script does not require these letters. "[/COLOR] A funny comment on the same thread where all posters were irritated with pair bindi: [COLOR="RoyalBlue"]"It would not surprise me if in the last forty years it was some academic from Patiala uni who created it because that's the prime place of learning of the Punjabi language and that department has done a lot of great work. However I have never understood how lalla pair bindi differs from a standard lalla. "[/COLOR] This same poster sheds some light on the problem with pair bindi: [COLOR="RoyalBlue"]"I read Urdu/ farsi script as well as Gurmukhi and can understand aira, haha and tatta having pair bindis as this would more accurately place some pronunciations that are Arabic or Farsi in origin. But then we would need an alternative sassa for the Arabic s (suad) if we were going down that road and we already have sasse pair bindi for the sh sound - so we may need to introduce sasse pair double-bindi?"[/COLOR] Another poster explains that bindi crept in stages. They did not enter Punjabi all at once, but the first few were originally introduced by Professor Kahan Singh Nabha. [/QUOTE]
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