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Gurbani (151-185)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
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Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
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ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
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Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
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Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
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Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
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Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
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ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
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Anand (917-922)
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Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
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Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
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Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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Former Jathedar Of Akal Takht Excommunicated From Sikh Community
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<blockquote data-quote="Bmandur" data-source="post: 119729" data-attributes="member: 6351"><p>Gurfateh to you all</p><p> </p><p>SSIRA & SDAD JI Please be open mind with me too</p><p> </p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="color: black">In Court we have lawyer, crown attorney, Jury & Judge</span></span></span></p><p><FONT color=black><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">You are not guilty until you are proven guilty.<?"urn:<img src="http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/ /></FONT></FONT></FONT></P><P><FONT size=3><FONT face=" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /><span style="color: black">But Prof. Darshan Singh was not even given a chance also Custom of Akal Takhat Sahib you have to understand before we go any further:</span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Both of you need to read this than ask a question I will try to reply my level best::</span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">The institution of Akal Takht was started by Guru Hargobind Ji as a political wing of Sikh religion to defend his followers from the tyranny of the rulers of the time. Since its inception in 1606, it has a glorious history and its Jathedar has guided the Sikhs during critical times in the past.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">The position of the Jathedar has evolved since the first quarter of the 17th century when Bhai Gurdas was appointed as the first custodian of Akal Takht called Akal Bunga. Guru Hargobind ji used this to take political decisions, issue Hukmanamas and invite his followers to come to the place with arms and horses .The first Hukamnama was issued by the Guru ji on June 12, 1606 in this context. However, Guru Hargobind ji had to leave the place in 1634 due to the hostilities of the Mughal rulers and it came in the possession of the Minas, descendants of Prithi Chand. In 1721 Bhai Mani Singh took Harmandir Sahib and Akal Takhat under his control at the behest of Mata Sundri. During the misl period, Sarbat Khalsa used to meet at Akal Takht twice a year on Baisakhi and Diwali days. Historic decisions were taken and strategy was discussed to fight against the Mughal forces and invaders from North-West. Nawab Kapur Singh, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and later Akali Phula Singh were the Jathedars of Akal Takht and guided the panth in the critical times.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">According to H S Dilgeer, "In April 1759 a Hukamnama was issued in the name of the Sarbat Khalsa to all Sikhs to make generous offering for the rebuilding of Darbar Sahib. The seal of Akal Takht was used on the Hukamnama."</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">By 1799 Ranjit Singh had captured Lahore and established his rule over central Punjab, yet he was not free from the authority of Akal Takhat. In 1800, Akali Phula Singh took charge of Akal Takhat and conducted its affairs according to Sikh traditions. He even summoned the powerful Maharaja at Akal Takht for having an affair with Moran, a Muslim nautch girl. Ranjit Singh was again punished by Akal Takht Jathedar when he donated a beautiful canopy to Akal Takht after himself using it for some time. In 1805, when Maratha chief Jaswant Rao Holkar came to Punjab to get Ranjit Singh's support against the British, the Sikh Maharaja summoned a meeting of Sarbat Khalsa at the Akal Takht to take a collective decision. This was perhaps the last time when he sought the advice of Sarbat Khalsa. After that he started making his own decisions by consulting his Sikh, Hindu and Muslim ministers and advisors. We don't find much activity at Akal Takht till British took over Punjab in mid 19th century.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Under the British, Akal Takht Jathedar or custodian gradually started asserting his authority. To start with, Sanatani Sikhs who believed that Sikhism was part of Hinduism were in control of Darbar Sahib. They, however, came in clash with radical reformers of Lahore Singh Sabha who were determined to free Sikhism from Hindu influence. Since the Sanatani Sikhs had control of Akal Takht and other Takhts, they issued a Hukamnama on 14 March, 1887 excommunicating Prof. Gurmukh Singh, Secretary of Lahore Singh Sabha. Though it was issued by pro Hindu Sanatani Sikhs, it still had some force and sanctity and it affected Gurmukh Singh’s standing in Sikh community. Despite this Gurmukh Singh did not look back or apologized. However, after 108 years, the hukamnama against Prof. Gurmukh Singh was specifically withdrawn by the World Sikh Convention held in Amritsar in 1995, presided over by acting Akal Takht Jathedar, Manjit Singh.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Sikhs need a strong central authority</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">that, however, does not mean that the institution of Akal Takht Jathedar is beyond repair and redemption. Sikhs need a strong central authority to resolve so many contentious issues that keep dogging and dividing the community. There should be a procedure to elect a non-partisan Jathedar of Akal Takht.Jathedar should be a man of high integrity and character, deeply knowledgeable about Sikh religion, history and its traditions and could not be easily removed from his position. He should be able to communicate in Gurmukhi,& English. </span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><strong><u><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: red">Role of Jathedat Akal Takht after 1920</span></span></u></strong></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Strictly a manager or a custodian in charge of Akal Takht was not called Jathedar before 20th century. Actually, the title of Jathedar of Akal Takht came into being in 1920. The Khalsa Biradari of lower caste Sikhs held a conference at Jalianwala Bagh on October 10- 12, 1920 where they resolved to offer Parshad at Harimandir Sahib. When they went there the priests refused to accept their Parshad. At this Jathedar Kartar Singh Jhabbar reacted sharply and threatened to throw them out if they did not accept their Parshad, did not offer ardas and took the Vaak. The priests acquiesced and with Guru’s grace Vaak came in favor of the lower caste Sikhs. After this Sangat led by Jathedar Jhabbar marched to Akal Takht to do the same. Priests in charge of Akal Takht slipped away leaving the holy place vacant. Sangat took over Akal Takht at Jathedar Jhabbar’s command. He then advised Sangat to appoint Jathedar Teja Singh Bhuchar in charge of Akal Takht. A jatha of 25 Sikhs was put at his command to help him to look after Akal Takht. After that he was called Jathedar Akal Takht.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">SGPC founded</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">On November 15, 1920 Jathedar Teja Singh Bhuchar called a meeting of all Sikh bodies and organizations at Akal Takhat. Here Sikhs decided to oust the pro-Government priests from other Gurdwaras and formed a committee of 175 members to run their management. This is how S.G.P.C. was formed. Next month on December 14, 1920 Shiromani Akali Dal, a political wing of the SGPC was launched. Jathedar Teja Singh Bhuchar was elected secretary of the new Akali Dal. This further added strength to his position and standing in the community.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Jathedar Buhchar did not just sit there as a custodian of the place; he provided strong and sterling leadership to the community. He led a jatha to Taran Taran Gurdwara to oust the priests forcefully. He succeeded in his mission after some clashes with the government agents. He appointed a committee of 15 members to look after the Gurdwara management. He also led jathas to take control of Gurdwara Panja Sahib and a Gurdwara in Pashawar. Since such actions were contrary to law, he was arrested and put in jail for quite for sometime.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">During the Jaito Morcha (1923-25), three Jathedars of Akal Takhat- Teja Singh Akarpuri on 13 October, 1923, Udham Singh Nagoke on 8 Februrary 1924, Achhar Singh on 7 May, 1924- courted arrests. After his release in 1926, Jathedar Akarpuri was elected as member of SGPC and was also appointed as Jathedar of Akal Takht for the second time and remained in this position till 1931.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">In 1925, Jathedar Didar Singh was the Akal Takhat jathedar. Akali leaders had come into agreement with the government and the agitation was withdrawn. Sikhs started coming out of jails, but some in Nabha Jail refused to leave the prison and adopted quite an unreasonable attitude. Jathedar Didar Singh went to Nabha and advised them to come out, "since you have come here at the orders of Akal Takhat, I now in the capacity of Akal Takht jathedar order you to leave the jails and get out". This had the desired effect and they agreed to obey his order. Such was the position of the Akal Takht jathedar in the Sikh world.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Sikh Rahit Maryada</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Teja Singh Akarpuri, Jathedar Akal Takhat, felt and stressed the need of a prescribed Rahit for the Sikhs, though unsuccessful attempts had been made earlier by Panch Khalsa Diwan and Chief Khalsa Diwan. It was on his suggestion that a committee of 28 Sikh scholars was appointed to work on the draft of Sikh Rahit Maryada on 15 March 1927. The committee with Prof. Teja Singh as its convener prepared a draft which was thoroughly discussed, amended and changed according to the wishes of the members at various meetings of the committee held at Akal Takht. In all meetings Jathedar of Akal Takht was present. Even Jathedars of Kesgarh and Patna were also invited. From 1931 to 1934 Gurmukh Singh Musafir, Jathedar of Akal Takht, attended the meetings and then from 1935 till the SRM was finally passed in 1945, Mohan Singh Nagoke, Jathedar Akal Takht, played an important role. He also served as President of SGPC from 1944 to 1948 which put him in much better position to bring the Sikh scholars to an agreement on SRM.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Jathedar Mohan Singh Nagoke was widely respected for his character, integrity and sacrifices. He served as the Jathedar Akal Takht for 17 years(1935-52), maximum time any Jathedar held this office. His personality added much power and prestige to this august office. Many historic decisions were taken in his time. In 1936 when Govt. banned the wearing of Kirpan by Sikhs, Jathedar Mohan Singh led the first jatha of 100 Sikhs in this morcha against the ban. The ban was withdrawn by the govt.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Ragmala</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Should Ragmala be read while reciting the whole of Guru Granth sahib at Akhand Paths ?. The issue had split the community since the beginning of the 20th century. There were well established scholars and religious leaders on both sides. In favor of Ragmala were Bhai Vir Singh, Bhai Jodh Singh, Sant Gurbachan Singh Bhinderanwale, Akali Kaur Singh and some Sants. Those opposing Ragmala were Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha, Bhai Randhir Singh Narangwal, Giani Gurdit Singh, Piara Singh Padam and others</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">In 1945 Mohan Singh called a meeting of Sikh religious leaders and scholars at Akal Takht to resolve the issue. The anti-Ragmala group carried their point with his support. But to keep unity in the panth, Jathedar issued instructions that reading of Ragmala was optional, though he stopped its reading at Akal Takhat. This practice is still in force. Baba Gurbachan Singh Bhinderanwala was staunch supporter of Ragmala. SGPC sent Giani Lal Singh to Bhinderawala to find out if he would abide by the decree of Akal Takht Jathedar. Baba Gurbachan Singh gave in writing that he would honor the decree of Akal Takht.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">During Mohan Singh's time as Jathedar, Ardas was amended to include that Sikhs should have unhindered access to Nankana Sahib and other holy shrines which were left in Pakistan after partition of Punjab in 1947.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Punishment to Master Tara Singh</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Master Tara Singh was the most powerful and well recognized leader of the Sikhs in mid-twentieth century. He was president of SGPC when Akal Takht Jathedar Achhar Singh punished him for breaking his fast without fulfilling the terms of his solemn pledge in 1961.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Then there is the historic edict of the Akal Takhat Jathedar, Sadhu Singh Bhaura, against the Sant Nirankaris in June 1978. Nirankaris had killed 13 Sikhs on the Baisakhi day of 1978. This edict was widely welcomed by Sikhs all over the world.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Such has been the authority, moral force and veneration of Akal Takht that powerful men like Maharaja Ranjt Singh, President Zial Singh and Chief Minister Surjit Singh Barnala had to appear before it when summoned by its Jathedar. Even Bhim Sen Sachar, a Hindu Chief Minister, appeared before Akal Takht and apologized for sending police in Darbar Sahib in 1955. Among the important people who were excommunicated from Panth were Teja Singh Bhasur (1928), Buta Singh (1984), Nihang Santa Singh (1984). Buta Singh and Santa Singh later apologized and underwent punishment.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">1984 developments damaged the institution</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Akal Takhat Jathedars became controversial after the turbulent developments of 1984.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">So many Jathedars - Jasbir Singh Rode, Ragi Darshan Singh, acting Jathedar Manjit Singh, Bhai Ranjit Singh, Giani Puran Singh- were appointed and removed before the turn of Jathedar Vedanti came this year. All this has affected the credibility and prestige of the Jathedar. One Jathedar would issue an edict, his successor would cancel that. So many edicts were issued that they lost their sanctity and force. One such edict ex-communicating Joginder Singh, editor Spokesman, was even challenged in high court.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Sikhs need a strong central authority</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">That, however, does not mean that the institution of Akal Takht Jathedar is beyond repair and redemption. Sikhs need a strong central authority to resolve so many contentious issues that keep dogging and dividing the community. There should be a procedure to elect a non-partisan Jathedar of Akal Takht. He should be a man of high integrity and character, deeply knowledgeable about Sikh religion, history and its traditions and could not be easily removed from his position. He should be able to communicate in English. All India Gurdwara Act as demanded by Akalis should have such provisions.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">References:</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">H. S. Dilgeer : Akal Takht Sahib, 1986</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Harbans Singh: The Heritage of the Sikhs, 1994</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">J. S. Grewal : The Akalis, a Short History, 1996</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Kartar Singh Jhabbar : Akali Morche te Jhabbar, 1998</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Kirpal Singh (Jathedar): Sri Akal Takht Sahib ate Jathedar Sahiba, 1999</span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Please kake sure to read it all</span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Thank you Bhul Chuk Maaf</span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Gurfateh</span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="color: navy"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Binder Mandur:happykaur:</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p> <span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"></o<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />></span></span></span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Bmandur, post: 119729, member: 6351"] Gurfateh to you all SSIRA & SDAD JI Please be open mind with me too [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=black]In Court we have lawyer, crown attorney, Jury & Judge[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] <FONT color=black>[SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]You are not guilty until you are proven guilty.<?"urn:[IMG]http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/ /></FONT></FONT></FONT></P><P><FONT size=3><FONT face=[/IMG][COLOR=black]But Prof. Darshan Singh was not even given a chance also Custom of Akal Takhat Sahib you have to understand before we go any further:[/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana][/FONT][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [COLOR=black][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Both of you need to read this than ask a question I will try to reply my level best::[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=black][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]<o:p>[COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]The institution of Akal Takht was started by Guru Hargobind Ji as a political wing of Sikh religion to defend his followers from the tyranny of the rulers of the time. Since its inception in 1606, it has a glorious history and its Jathedar has guided the Sikhs during critical times in the past.[/FONT][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE][FONT=Times New Roman] [SIZE=3][COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]The position of the Jathedar has evolved since the first quarter of the 17th century when Bhai Gurdas was appointed as the first custodian of Akal Takht called Akal Bunga. Guru Hargobind ji used this to take political decisions, issue Hukmanamas and invite his followers to come to the place with arms and horses .The first Hukamnama was issued by the Guru ji on June 12, 1606 in this context. However, Guru Hargobind ji had to leave the place in 1634 due to the hostilities of the Mughal rulers and it came in the possession of the Minas, descendants of Prithi Chand. In 1721 Bhai Mani Singh took Harmandir Sahib and Akal Takhat under his control at the behest of Mata Sundri. During the misl period, Sarbat Khalsa used to meet at Akal Takht twice a year on Baisakhi and Diwali days. Historic decisions were taken and strategy was discussed to fight against the Mughal forces and invaders from North-West. Nawab Kapur Singh, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and later Akali Phula Singh were the Jathedars of Akal Takht and guided the panth in the critical times.[/FONT][/COLOR][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]According to H S Dilgeer, "In April 1759 a Hukamnama was issued in the name of the Sarbat Khalsa to all Sikhs to make generous offering for the rebuilding of Darbar Sahib. The seal of Akal Takht was used on the Hukamnama."[/FONT][/COLOR][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]By 1799 Ranjit Singh had captured Lahore and established his rule over central Punjab, yet he was not free from the authority of Akal Takhat. In 1800, Akali Phula Singh took charge of Akal Takhat and conducted its affairs according to Sikh traditions. He even summoned the powerful Maharaja at Akal Takht for having an affair with Moran, a Muslim nautch girl. Ranjit Singh was again punished by Akal Takht Jathedar when he donated a beautiful canopy to Akal Takht after himself using it for some time. In 1805, when Maratha chief Jaswant Rao Holkar came to Punjab to get Ranjit Singh's support against the British, the Sikh Maharaja summoned a meeting of Sarbat Khalsa at the Akal Takht to take a collective decision. This was perhaps the last time when he sought the advice of Sarbat Khalsa. After that he started making his own decisions by consulting his Sikh, Hindu and Muslim ministers and advisors. We don't find much activity at Akal Takht till British took over Punjab in mid 19th century.[/FONT][/COLOR][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Under the British, Akal Takht Jathedar or custodian gradually started asserting his authority. To start with, Sanatani Sikhs who believed that Sikhism was part of Hinduism were in control of Darbar Sahib. They, however, came in clash with radical reformers of Lahore Singh Sabha who were determined to free Sikhism from Hindu influence. Since the Sanatani Sikhs had control of Akal Takht and other Takhts, they issued a Hukamnama on 14 March, 1887 excommunicating Prof. Gurmukh Singh, Secretary of Lahore Singh Sabha. Though it was issued by pro Hindu Sanatani Sikhs, it still had some force and sanctity and it affected Gurmukh Singh’s standing in Sikh community. Despite this Gurmukh Singh did not look back or apologized. However, after 108 years, the hukamnama against Prof. Gurmukh Singh was specifically withdrawn by the World Sikh Convention held in Amritsar in 1995, presided over by acting Akal Takht Jathedar, Manjit Singh.[/FONT][/COLOR][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Sikhs need a strong central authority[/FONT][/COLOR][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]that, however, does not mean that the institution of Akal Takht Jathedar is beyond repair and redemption. Sikhs need a strong central authority to resolve so many contentious issues that keep dogging and dividing the community. There should be a procedure to elect a non-partisan Jathedar of Akal Takht.Jathedar should be a man of high integrity and character, deeply knowledgeable about Sikh religion, history and its traditions and could not be easily removed from his position. He should be able to communicate in Gurmukhi,& English. [/FONT][/COLOR][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana][/FONT][/COLOR][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana][B][U][SIZE=3][COLOR=red]Role of Jathedat Akal Takht after 1920[/COLOR][/SIZE][/U][/B][/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Strictly a manager or a custodian in charge of Akal Takht was not called Jathedar before 20th century. Actually, the title of Jathedar of Akal Takht came into being in 1920. The Khalsa Biradari of lower caste Sikhs held a conference at Jalianwala Bagh on October 10- 12, 1920 where they resolved to offer Parshad at Harimandir Sahib. When they went there the priests refused to accept their Parshad. At this Jathedar Kartar Singh Jhabbar reacted sharply and threatened to throw them out if they did not accept their Parshad, did not offer ardas and took the Vaak. The priests acquiesced and with Guru’s grace Vaak came in favor of the lower caste Sikhs. After this Sangat led by Jathedar Jhabbar marched to Akal Takht to do the same. Priests in charge of Akal Takht slipped away leaving the holy place vacant. Sangat took over Akal Takht at Jathedar Jhabbar’s command. He then advised Sangat to appoint Jathedar Teja Singh Bhuchar in charge of Akal Takht. A jatha of 25 Sikhs was put at his command to help him to look after Akal Takht. After that he was called Jathedar Akal Takht.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]SGPC founded[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]On November 15, 1920 Jathedar Teja Singh Bhuchar called a meeting of all Sikh bodies and organizations at Akal Takhat. Here Sikhs decided to oust the pro-Government priests from other Gurdwaras and formed a committee of 175 members to run their management. This is how S.G.P.C. was formed. Next month on December 14, 1920 Shiromani Akali Dal, a political wing of the SGPC was launched. Jathedar Teja Singh Bhuchar was elected secretary of the new Akali Dal. This further added strength to his position and standing in the community.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Jathedar Buhchar did not just sit there as a custodian of the place; he provided strong and sterling leadership to the community. He led a jatha to Taran Taran Gurdwara to oust the priests forcefully. He succeeded in his mission after some clashes with the government agents. He appointed a committee of 15 members to look after the Gurdwara management. He also led jathas to take control of Gurdwara Panja Sahib and a Gurdwara in Pashawar. Since such actions were contrary to law, he was arrested and put in jail for quite for sometime.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]During the Jaito Morcha (1923-25), three Jathedars of Akal Takhat- Teja Singh Akarpuri on 13 October, 1923, Udham Singh Nagoke on 8 Februrary 1924, Achhar Singh on 7 May, 1924- courted arrests. After his release in 1926, Jathedar Akarpuri was elected as member of SGPC and was also appointed as Jathedar of Akal Takht for the second time and remained in this position till 1931.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]In 1925, Jathedar Didar Singh was the Akal Takhat jathedar. Akali leaders had come into agreement with the government and the agitation was withdrawn. Sikhs started coming out of jails, but some in Nabha Jail refused to leave the prison and adopted quite an unreasonable attitude. Jathedar Didar Singh went to Nabha and advised them to come out, "since you have come here at the orders of Akal Takhat, I now in the capacity of Akal Takht jathedar order you to leave the jails and get out". This had the desired effect and they agreed to obey his order. Such was the position of the Akal Takht jathedar in the Sikh world.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Sikh Rahit Maryada[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Teja Singh Akarpuri, Jathedar Akal Takhat, felt and stressed the need of a prescribed Rahit for the Sikhs, though unsuccessful attempts had been made earlier by Panch Khalsa Diwan and Chief Khalsa Diwan. It was on his suggestion that a committee of 28 Sikh scholars was appointed to work on the draft of Sikh Rahit Maryada on 15 March 1927. The committee with Prof. Teja Singh as its convener prepared a draft which was thoroughly discussed, amended and changed according to the wishes of the members at various meetings of the committee held at Akal Takht. In all meetings Jathedar of Akal Takht was present. Even Jathedars of Kesgarh and Patna were also invited. From 1931 to 1934 Gurmukh Singh Musafir, Jathedar of Akal Takht, attended the meetings and then from 1935 till the SRM was finally passed in 1945, Mohan Singh Nagoke, Jathedar Akal Takht, played an important role. He also served as President of SGPC from 1944 to 1948 which put him in much better position to bring the Sikh scholars to an agreement on SRM.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Jathedar Mohan Singh Nagoke was widely respected for his character, integrity and sacrifices. He served as the Jathedar Akal Takht for 17 years(1935-52), maximum time any Jathedar held this office. His personality added much power and prestige to this august office. Many historic decisions were taken in his time. In 1936 when Govt. banned the wearing of Kirpan by Sikhs, Jathedar Mohan Singh led the first jatha of 100 Sikhs in this morcha against the ban. The ban was withdrawn by the govt.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Ragmala[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Should Ragmala be read while reciting the whole of Guru Granth sahib at Akhand Paths ?. The issue had split the community since the beginning of the 20th century. There were well established scholars and religious leaders on both sides. In favor of Ragmala were Bhai Vir Singh, Bhai Jodh Singh, Sant Gurbachan Singh Bhinderanwale, Akali Kaur Singh and some Sants. Those opposing Ragmala were Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha, Bhai Randhir Singh Narangwal, Giani Gurdit Singh, Piara Singh Padam and others[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]In 1945 Mohan Singh called a meeting of Sikh religious leaders and scholars at Akal Takht to resolve the issue. The anti-Ragmala group carried their point with his support. But to keep unity in the panth, Jathedar issued instructions that reading of Ragmala was optional, though he stopped its reading at Akal Takhat. This practice is still in force. Baba Gurbachan Singh Bhinderanwala was staunch supporter of Ragmala. SGPC sent Giani Lal Singh to Bhinderawala to find out if he would abide by the decree of Akal Takht Jathedar. Baba Gurbachan Singh gave in writing that he would honor the decree of Akal Takht.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]During Mohan Singh's time as Jathedar, Ardas was amended to include that Sikhs should have unhindered access to Nankana Sahib and other holy shrines which were left in Pakistan after partition of Punjab in 1947.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Punishment to Master Tara Singh[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Master Tara Singh was the most powerful and well recognized leader of the Sikhs in mid-twentieth century. He was president of SGPC when Akal Takht Jathedar Achhar Singh punished him for breaking his fast without fulfilling the terms of his solemn pledge in 1961.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Then there is the historic edict of the Akal Takhat Jathedar, Sadhu Singh Bhaura, against the Sant Nirankaris in June 1978. Nirankaris had killed 13 Sikhs on the Baisakhi day of 1978. This edict was widely welcomed by Sikhs all over the world.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Such has been the authority, moral force and veneration of Akal Takht that powerful men like Maharaja Ranjt Singh, President Zial Singh and Chief Minister Surjit Singh Barnala had to appear before it when summoned by its Jathedar. Even Bhim Sen Sachar, a Hindu Chief Minister, appeared before Akal Takht and apologized for sending police in Darbar Sahib in 1955. Among the important people who were excommunicated from Panth were Teja Singh Bhasur (1928), Buta Singh (1984), Nihang Santa Singh (1984). Buta Singh and Santa Singh later apologized and underwent punishment.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]1984 developments damaged the institution[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Akal Takhat Jathedars became controversial after the turbulent developments of 1984.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]So many Jathedars - Jasbir Singh Rode, Ragi Darshan Singh, acting Jathedar Manjit Singh, Bhai Ranjit Singh, Giani Puran Singh- were appointed and removed before the turn of Jathedar Vedanti came this year. All this has affected the credibility and prestige of the Jathedar. One Jathedar would issue an edict, his successor would cancel that. So many edicts were issued that they lost their sanctity and force. One such edict ex-communicating Joginder Singh, editor Spokesman, was even challenged in high court.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Sikhs need a strong central authority[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]That, however, does not mean that the institution of Akal Takht Jathedar is beyond repair and redemption. Sikhs need a strong central authority to resolve so many contentious issues that keep dogging and dividing the community. There should be a procedure to elect a non-partisan Jathedar of Akal Takht. He should be a man of high integrity and character, deeply knowledgeable about Sikh religion, history and its traditions and could not be easily removed from his position. He should be able to communicate in English. All India Gurdwara Act as demanded by Akalis should have such provisions.[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]References:[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]H. S. Dilgeer : Akal Takht Sahib, 1986[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Harbans Singh: The Heritage of the Sikhs, 1994[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]J. S. Grewal : The Akalis, a Short History, 1996[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Kartar Singh Jhabbar : Akali Morche te Jhabbar, 1998[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Kirpal Singh (Jathedar): Sri Akal Takht Sahib ate Jathedar Sahiba, 1999[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Please kake sure to read it all[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Thank you Bhul Chuk Maaf[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Gurfateh[/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=navy][FONT=Verdana]Binder Mandur:happykaur:[/FONT][/COLOR] </o:p>[/SIZE][/FONT][/COLOR] [COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana][/FONT][/COLOR] [/QUOTE]
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Former Jathedar Of Akal Takht Excommunicated From Sikh Community
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