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Guru Granth Sahib
Composition, Arrangement & Layout
ਜਪੁ | Jup
ਸੋ ਦਰੁ | So Dar
ਸੋਹਿਲਾ | Sohilaa
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
Ashtpadiyan (53-71)
Gurbani (71-74)
Pahre (74-78)
Chhant (78-81)
Vanjara (81-82)
Vaar Siri Raag (83-91)
Bhagat Bani (91-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
Gurbani (94-109)
Ashtpadi (109)
Ashtpadiyan (110-129)
Ashtpadi (129-130)
Ashtpadiyan (130-133)
Bara Maha (133-136)
Din Raen (136-137)
Vaar Maajh Ki (137-150)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
Ashtpadiyan (220-234)
Karhalei (234-235)
Ashtpadiyan (235-242)
Chhant (242-249)
Baavan Akhari (250-262)
Sukhmani (262-296)
Thittee (296-300)
Gauree kii Vaar (300-323)
Gurbani (323-330)
Ashtpadiyan (330-340)
Baavan Akhari (340-343)
Thintteen (343-344)
Vaar Kabir (344-345)
Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
Aasaavaree (409-411)
Ashtpadiyan (411-432)
Patee (432-435)
Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
Bhagat Bani (475-488)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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Dark Matter 'beach Ball' Unveiled
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<blockquote data-quote="spnadmin" data-source="post: 118295" data-attributes="member: 35"><p><strong> Dark matter 'beach ball' unveiled </strong></p><p></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p><p> </p><p> <strong>The giant halo of dark matter that surrounds our galaxy is shaped like a flattened beach ball, researchers say.</strong></p><p></p><p></p><p><strong><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8444038.stm" target="_blank">BBC News - Dark matter 'beach ball' unveiled</a></strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p></p><p>It is the first definitive measure of the scope of the dark matter that makes up the majority of galaxies' masses. </p><p></p><p>The shape of this "dark matter halo" was inferred from the path of debris left behind as the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy slowly orbits the Milky Way. </p><p>A team of US astronomers announced the findings at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Washington. </p><p></p><p>Dark matter is a mysterious kind of matter that makes up nearly a quarter of the mass in the universe, but does not interact with light and so has until now remained invisible to scientists. </p><p></p><p><strong>Mass transit</strong></p><p>However, because it has mass, it acts on matter as we know it through gravity. </p><p></p><p>"You can't actually see it directly, you can see it through its effects on stellar structure, star clusters, and dwarf galaxies orbiting around the Milky Way," explained David Law of the University of California, Los Angeles, the researcher presenting the work. </p><p></p><p>"So what you want to do is map where these star clusters and dwarf galaxies go and use that to reconstruct their orbits and where the mass is." </p><p></p><p>Dr Law and his colleagues turned to the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy as one of the best-studied cosmic neighbours orbiting the Milky Way.</p><p> </p><p>The trail of matter left by an orbiting galaxy hints at the dark matter's shape</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> Using data from telescope surveys of stars across the full scope of the sky, including the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the team was able to identify individual stars that had been dragged out of the tiny Sagittarius galaxy as it skims past our galaxy. </p><p></p><p>But in thinking about the Milky Way's dark matter halo as a sphere surrounding it, something didn't fit; the positions of the galaxy and its apparent speed didn't line up. </p><p></p><p>Dr Law's team then came up with the idea that the halo might be different sizes in different directions, and allowed for this in their gravity model. </p><p></p><p>What came out is what Dr Law described as a "cosmic beach ball, squashed from the side", flattened along the direction corresponding to the plane of the Milky Way. </p><p></p><p>The fact that the un-flattened direction should be above and below the galactic plane remains a mystery. </p><p></p><p>"It's a little weird in current dark matter models, but it'll be very useful in helping constrain future models, not only of dark matter itself but also how galaxies such as our own form in the universe." </p><p></p><p>The 215th American Astronomical Society meeting was confirmed on Wednesday as the largest astronomy meeting in history, with more than 3,400 attendees.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="spnadmin, post: 118295, member: 35"] [B] Dark matter 'beach ball' unveiled [/B] [B]The giant halo of dark matter that surrounds our galaxy is shaped like a flattened beach ball, researchers say.[/B] [B][URL="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8444038.stm"]BBC News - Dark matter 'beach ball' unveiled[/URL] [/B] It is the first definitive measure of the scope of the dark matter that makes up the majority of galaxies' masses. The shape of this "dark matter halo" was inferred from the path of debris left behind as the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy slowly orbits the Milky Way. A team of US astronomers announced the findings at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Washington. Dark matter is a mysterious kind of matter that makes up nearly a quarter of the mass in the universe, but does not interact with light and so has until now remained invisible to scientists. [B]Mass transit[/B] However, because it has mass, it acts on matter as we know it through gravity. "You can't actually see it directly, you can see it through its effects on stellar structure, star clusters, and dwarf galaxies orbiting around the Milky Way," explained David Law of the University of California, Los Angeles, the researcher presenting the work. "So what you want to do is map where these star clusters and dwarf galaxies go and use that to reconstruct their orbits and where the mass is." Dr Law and his colleagues turned to the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy as one of the best-studied cosmic neighbours orbiting the Milky Way. The trail of matter left by an orbiting galaxy hints at the dark matter's shape Using data from telescope surveys of stars across the full scope of the sky, including the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the team was able to identify individual stars that had been dragged out of the tiny Sagittarius galaxy as it skims past our galaxy. But in thinking about the Milky Way's dark matter halo as a sphere surrounding it, something didn't fit; the positions of the galaxy and its apparent speed didn't line up. Dr Law's team then came up with the idea that the halo might be different sizes in different directions, and allowed for this in their gravity model. What came out is what Dr Law described as a "cosmic beach ball, squashed from the side", flattened along the direction corresponding to the plane of the Milky Way. The fact that the un-flattened direction should be above and below the galactic plane remains a mystery. "It's a little weird in current dark matter models, but it'll be very useful in helping constrain future models, not only of dark matter itself but also how galaxies such as our own form in the universe." The 215th American Astronomical Society meeting was confirmed on Wednesday as the largest astronomy meeting in history, with more than 3,400 attendees. [/QUOTE]
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