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ਜਪੁ | Jup
ਸੋ ਦਰੁ | So Dar
ਸੋਹਿਲਾ | Sohilaa
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
Ashtpadiyan (53-71)
Gurbani (71-74)
Pahre (74-78)
Chhant (78-81)
Vanjara (81-82)
Vaar Siri Raag (83-91)
Bhagat Bani (91-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
Gurbani (94-109)
Ashtpadi (109)
Ashtpadiyan (110-129)
Ashtpadi (129-130)
Ashtpadiyan (130-133)
Bara Maha (133-136)
Din Raen (136-137)
Vaar Maajh Ki (137-150)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
Ashtpadiyan (220-234)
Karhalei (234-235)
Ashtpadiyan (235-242)
Chhant (242-249)
Baavan Akhari (250-262)
Sukhmani (262-296)
Thittee (296-300)
Gauree kii Vaar (300-323)
Gurbani (323-330)
Ashtpadiyan (330-340)
Baavan Akhari (340-343)
Thintteen (343-344)
Vaar Kabir (344-345)
Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
Aasaavaree (409-411)
Ashtpadiyan (411-432)
Patee (432-435)
Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
Bhagat Bani (475-488)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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BKI And The Naxals In Punjab: Opportunist Allies? – Analysis
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<blockquote data-quote="Archived_Member16" data-source="post: 159451" data-attributes="member: 884"><p><span style="color: Navy"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px">BKI And The Naxals In Punjab: Opportunist Allies? – Analysis</span></strong></span></p><p> <span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy">Written by: IPCS</span></p><p> <span style="color: Navy">January 18, 2012</span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy">By Medha Chaturvedi</span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy">With the arrest of two Babbar Khalsa International (BKI) Operatives during the last few days, is the resurrection of insurgency in Punjab a possibility? What are the reasons fuelling this phenomenon? Is there any evidence to point out links between BKI and the Naxals who are also gaining ground in the state? Is the state capable of handling the situation should insurgency return?</span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"><strong>Resurrection of BKI</strong></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy">The arrest of the two BKI activists, Sarabpreet Singh and Jaswinder Singh from New Delhi and Ropar towards the end of 2011 has substantiated suspicions of latent efforts of the former insurgent group to regroup and restart militant activity in Punjab. Reportedly, the BKI was planning attacks in Delhi and Punjab and resurrecting its sleeper cells since 2010. This has come to light as nearly 40 BKI operatives have been arrested in Punjab and Delhi.</span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"><strong>Pakistan - India Relations</strong></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy">It is believed that most of the remaining operatives and sympathizers of the BKI, who had gone abroad following the defeat in 1995, are strengthening the group’s ideological and financial base. This may see a return of the demand for Khalistan.</span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"><strong>Latent Naxal Activity and Issues of Contention</strong></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy">Today, there is a covert support base for Naxal activity in the state because of poor education, declining agricultural produce, rising unemployment and underemployment and caste divide. Heavily politicized Panchayats and lack of proper implementation of land ceiling laws add to this ferment. Only the agricultural sector witnessed growth in Punjab during the Green Revolution but this development was at the expense of other sectors. Declining soil quality, problems in land holdings and debt traps have led to a fall in the per capita income and assets of people. Due to the lack of opportunities in other sectors, mass protests by farmers and students have become common in Punjab and this is what the Naxals are taking advantage of, using these cons to abet their agenda. Unsurprisingly, as is evident from Naxal propaganda flyers and posters in the local language in many places, including government buildings like Courts and Police Stations all across the state, leftist ideology is gaining ground. While the problems stated are rampant all over Punjab, it is the Malwa region, bordering Haryana and Rajasthan which is reaching its boiling point faster.</span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy">Another issue that is encouraging Naxal activity in Punjab is the deep-rooted caste divide and the resulting repression towards the lower castes. About a third of the state’s population is composed of dalits who feel alienated and is thus, are vulnerable to take up the ideology and sympathize with the Naxal cause.</span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"><strong>Perfect Storm or Just a Coincidence?</strong></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy">Revolutionary journals like The Comrade and Surkh Rekha (Red Line) are now easily available in the local language (Gurmukhi script) in the state, propagating the Naxal ideology in addition to the activities of over-ground workers, indicating popular support and readership for Naxal literature. BKI’s emergence in the same areas is no coincidence.</span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy">The motivations for these people to support the BKI and the Naxal movement, in addition to the above mentioned factors are also ideological because as popularly said – ‘one who has nothing has nothing to lose.’ The support base that the BKI enjoys is from the supporters of the Khalistan movement while the Naxals enjoy the support of landless peasants, farmers, students and unemployed/under-employed youth.</span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy">While BKI aims at achieving a separate state, the Naxals aim to overthrow the state and its machinery. With the huge diaspora-money coming in, the BKI has the means, while the Naxals have the strength and people’s support. Despite ideological differences between the two movements, visible links have surfaced in the state, which point to a kind of a temporary arrangement which will help BKI logistically and the Naxals to gain ground locally. Once established, the two insurgencies, whose fundamental ideas are contrasting, may not collaborate further.</span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"><strong>State Action</strong></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy">According to senior officers in the Punjab Police, the state authorities are aware of these developments and steps like an active Naxal management cell are already in place. The state government is also aiming to set up more industries for creating more jobs and enhancing agricultural facilities especially in the bordering districts to check the flourishing contraband -trade across the border.</span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy">It is implausible that a combative restive insurgency will resurface in Punjab because it offers, neither the terrain, nor the place for guerilla warfare. However, the state as a planning centre and rest recoup hideout cannot be ruled out. BKI’s efforts may be futile if not combined with the efforts of top Naxal leadership as support from an established insurgency may help them find their own footing. Eventually, this collaboration may fork out in two different directions – one led by the Naxals and the other, a renewed demand for Khalistan.</span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy">Thus, the current wave of possible militancy puts Punjab in a much more dangerous situation. With the prosperity in the state seeing a steady decline and caste related discrimination reaching high, Punjab is sitting on a ticking time bomb.</span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy">Medha Chaturvedi</span></p><p><span style="color: Navy">Research Officer, IPCS</span></p><p><span style="color: Navy">email: <a href="mailto:medha@ipcs.org">medha@ipcs.org</a></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"><em>About the author:</em></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"><em>IPCS</em></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"><em></em></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"><em><strong>IPCS (Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies)</strong> conducts independent research on conventional and non-conventional security issues in the region and shares its findings with policy makers and the public. It provides a forum for discussion with the strategic community on strategic issues and strives to explore alternatives. Moreover, it works towards building capacity among young scholars for greater refinement of their analyses of South Asian security.</em></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"></span></p><p><span style="color: Navy"><strong>source:</strong> <a href="http://www.eurasiareview.com/18012012-bki-and-the-naxals-in-punjab-opportunist-allies-analysis/" target="_blank">http://www.eurasiareview.com/18012012-bki-and-the-naxals-in-punjab-opportunist-allies-analysis/</a></span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Archived_Member16, post: 159451, member: 884"] [COLOR="Navy"][B][SIZE="5"]BKI And The Naxals In Punjab: Opportunist Allies? – Analysis[/SIZE][/B] Written by: IPCS January 18, 2012 By Medha Chaturvedi With the arrest of two Babbar Khalsa International (BKI) Operatives during the last few days, is the resurrection of insurgency in Punjab a possibility? What are the reasons fuelling this phenomenon? Is there any evidence to point out links between BKI and the Naxals who are also gaining ground in the state? Is the state capable of handling the situation should insurgency return? [B]Resurrection of BKI[/B] The arrest of the two BKI activists, Sarabpreet Singh and Jaswinder Singh from New Delhi and Ropar towards the end of 2011 has substantiated suspicions of latent efforts of the former insurgent group to regroup and restart militant activity in Punjab. Reportedly, the BKI was planning attacks in Delhi and Punjab and resurrecting its sleeper cells since 2010. This has come to light as nearly 40 BKI operatives have been arrested in Punjab and Delhi. [B]Pakistan - India Relations[/B] It is believed that most of the remaining operatives and sympathizers of the BKI, who had gone abroad following the defeat in 1995, are strengthening the group’s ideological and financial base. This may see a return of the demand for Khalistan. [B]Latent Naxal Activity and Issues of Contention[/B] Today, there is a covert support base for Naxal activity in the state because of poor education, declining agricultural produce, rising unemployment and underemployment and caste divide. Heavily politicized Panchayats and lack of proper implementation of land ceiling laws add to this ferment. Only the agricultural sector witnessed growth in Punjab during the Green Revolution but this development was at the expense of other sectors. Declining soil quality, problems in land holdings and debt traps have led to a fall in the per capita income and assets of people. Due to the lack of opportunities in other sectors, mass protests by farmers and students have become common in Punjab and this is what the Naxals are taking advantage of, using these cons to abet their agenda. Unsurprisingly, as is evident from Naxal propaganda flyers and posters in the local language in many places, including government buildings like Courts and Police Stations all across the state, leftist ideology is gaining ground. While the problems stated are rampant all over Punjab, it is the Malwa region, bordering Haryana and Rajasthan which is reaching its boiling point faster. Another issue that is encouraging Naxal activity in Punjab is the deep-rooted caste divide and the resulting repression towards the lower castes. About a third of the state’s population is composed of dalits who feel alienated and is thus, are vulnerable to take up the ideology and sympathize with the Naxal cause. [B]Perfect Storm or Just a Coincidence?[/B] Revolutionary journals like The Comrade and Surkh Rekha (Red Line) are now easily available in the local language (Gurmukhi script) in the state, propagating the Naxal ideology in addition to the activities of over-ground workers, indicating popular support and readership for Naxal literature. BKI’s emergence in the same areas is no coincidence. The motivations for these people to support the BKI and the Naxal movement, in addition to the above mentioned factors are also ideological because as popularly said – ‘one who has nothing has nothing to lose.’ The support base that the BKI enjoys is from the supporters of the Khalistan movement while the Naxals enjoy the support of landless peasants, farmers, students and unemployed/under-employed youth. While BKI aims at achieving a separate state, the Naxals aim to overthrow the state and its machinery. With the huge diaspora-money coming in, the BKI has the means, while the Naxals have the strength and people’s support. Despite ideological differences between the two movements, visible links have surfaced in the state, which point to a kind of a temporary arrangement which will help BKI logistically and the Naxals to gain ground locally. Once established, the two insurgencies, whose fundamental ideas are contrasting, may not collaborate further. [B]State Action[/B] According to senior officers in the Punjab Police, the state authorities are aware of these developments and steps like an active Naxal management cell are already in place. The state government is also aiming to set up more industries for creating more jobs and enhancing agricultural facilities especially in the bordering districts to check the flourishing contraband -trade across the border. It is implausible that a combative restive insurgency will resurface in Punjab because it offers, neither the terrain, nor the place for guerilla warfare. However, the state as a planning centre and rest recoup hideout cannot be ruled out. BKI’s efforts may be futile if not combined with the efforts of top Naxal leadership as support from an established insurgency may help them find their own footing. Eventually, this collaboration may fork out in two different directions – one led by the Naxals and the other, a renewed demand for Khalistan. Thus, the current wave of possible militancy puts Punjab in a much more dangerous situation. With the prosperity in the state seeing a steady decline and caste related discrimination reaching high, Punjab is sitting on a ticking time bomb. Medha Chaturvedi Research Officer, IPCS email: [email]medha@ipcs.org[/email] [I]About the author: IPCS [B]IPCS (Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies)[/B] conducts independent research on conventional and non-conventional security issues in the region and shares its findings with policy makers and the public. It provides a forum for discussion with the strategic community on strategic issues and strives to explore alternatives. Moreover, it works towards building capacity among young scholars for greater refinement of their analyses of South Asian security.[/I] [B]source:[/B] [url]http://www.eurasiareview.com/18012012-bki-and-the-naxals-in-punjab-opportunist-allies-analysis/[/url][/COLOR] [/QUOTE]
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