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Guru Granth Sahib
Composition, Arrangement & Layout
ਜਪੁ | Jup
ਸੋ ਦਰੁ | So Dar
ਸੋਹਿਲਾ | Sohilaa
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
Ashtpadiyan (53-71)
Gurbani (71-74)
Pahre (74-78)
Chhant (78-81)
Vanjara (81-82)
Vaar Siri Raag (83-91)
Bhagat Bani (91-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
Gurbani (94-109)
Ashtpadi (109)
Ashtpadiyan (110-129)
Ashtpadi (129-130)
Ashtpadiyan (130-133)
Bara Maha (133-136)
Din Raen (136-137)
Vaar Maajh Ki (137-150)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
Ashtpadiyan (220-234)
Karhalei (234-235)
Ashtpadiyan (235-242)
Chhant (242-249)
Baavan Akhari (250-262)
Sukhmani (262-296)
Thittee (296-300)
Gauree kii Vaar (300-323)
Gurbani (323-330)
Ashtpadiyan (330-340)
Baavan Akhari (340-343)
Thintteen (343-344)
Vaar Kabir (344-345)
Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
Aasaavaree (409-411)
Ashtpadiyan (411-432)
Patee (432-435)
Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
Bhagat Bani (475-488)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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Animals Of India - 12 New Species Of Frogs Discovered In India
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<blockquote data-quote="spnadmin" data-source="post: 113411" data-attributes="member: 35"><p>[FONT=verdana,sans-serif,arial]<span style="font-size: 10px"><strong>12 new species of frogs discovered in India</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><strong> mongabay.com </strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><strong>February 03, 2009</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px">A dozen previously unknown species of frogs have been discovered in the forests of Western Ghats according to a paper published in latest issue of <em>Zoological Journal of Linnean Society, London</em>. </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px">The 12 species have been identified following a revision of the <em>Philautus</em> genus and are the result of ten years of field study in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka. Goa, Maharashtra, and part of Gujarat, in the Western Ghats. The Western Ghats are considered a global biodiversity hotspot for their species richness and the threats the mountain range faces. </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px">The finds include a rediscovery of a 'lost species', the Travancore bushfrog (Philautus travancoricus) which was thought to be extinct. The new discoveries bring the number of new species described by Delhi University herpetologist S D Biju and colleagues to 25 since 2003. The discoveries include the famed "purple frog" (<em>Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis</em>) belonging to a new family of frog, Nasikabatrachidae; the dimmunitive <em>Nyctibatrachus minimus</em>, the smallest herp in India; and the first Indian canopy frog, <em>Philautus nerostagona</em>, among others. </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px"></span></span> <span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px"> <img src="http://photos.mongabay.com/09/0202frog_india.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px">Philautus akroparallagi. Photo copyright S D Biju, (<a href="http://www.frogindia.org/" target="_blank">frogindia.org</a>) </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px">"Seven of the 12 new species were only found in unprotected areas," stated a news release from Delhi University. "Habitats are rapidly disappearing and immediate steps are required to protect the remaining forests from human activities." </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px">Amphibians are one of the most threatened groups of animals. Frogs, salamanders, and caecilians are declining worldwide due to habitat loss, over-collection as food and for the pet trade, the outbreak of a deadly fungal disease, pollution and pesticides, introduced species, and the effects of climate change. Some of these forces are interacting synergistically to further increase their vulnerability to extinction. Since 1980 more than 200 species are believed to have gone extinct. </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px"><a href="http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=embed&hl=en&geocode=&q=%2B14+0.0+%2B75+0.0&sll=14.008696,-74.992676&sspn=13.190473,21.862793&ie=UTF8&ll=24.046464,79.277344&spn=51.186803,87.451172&t=k&z=4" target="_blank">View Map</a></span></span> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"><span style="font-family: 'Arial'"><span style="font-size: 9px">While the discoveries are exciting for the researchers in the amphibian community, Biju warns that the surveys reveal threats to frogs, namely habitat loss to urbanization and plantations. </span></span> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10px"></span>[/FONT]<a href="http://comments.mongabay.com/pages/news.mongabay.com/2009/0202-frogs_india.html" target="_blank"></a></p><p><a href="http://comments.mongabay.com/pages/news.mongabay.com/2009/0202-frogs_india.html" target="_blank"></a></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="spnadmin, post: 113411, member: 35"] [FONT=verdana,sans-serif,arial][SIZE=2][B]12 new species of frogs discovered in India mongabay.com February 03, 2009[/B] [FONT=Arial][SIZE=1]A dozen previously unknown species of frogs have been discovered in the forests of Western Ghats according to a paper published in latest issue of [I]Zoological Journal of Linnean Society, London[/I]. The 12 species have been identified following a revision of the [I]Philautus[/I] genus and are the result of ten years of field study in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka. Goa, Maharashtra, and part of Gujarat, in the Western Ghats. The Western Ghats are considered a global biodiversity hotspot for their species richness and the threats the mountain range faces. The finds include a rediscovery of a 'lost species', the Travancore bushfrog (Philautus travancoricus) which was thought to be extinct. The new discoveries bring the number of new species described by Delhi University herpetologist S D Biju and colleagues to 25 since 2003. The discoveries include the famed "purple frog" ([I]Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis[/I]) belonging to a new family of frog, Nasikabatrachidae; the dimmunitive [I]Nyctibatrachus minimus[/I], the smallest herp in India; and the first Indian canopy frog, [I]Philautus nerostagona[/I], among others. [/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial][SIZE=1] [IMG]http://photos.mongabay.com/09/0202frog_india.jpg[/IMG] Philautus akroparallagi. Photo copyright S D Biju, ([URL="http://www.frogindia.org/"]frogindia.org[/URL]) "Seven of the 12 new species were only found in unprotected areas," stated a news release from Delhi University. "Habitats are rapidly disappearing and immediate steps are required to protect the remaining forests from human activities." Amphibians are one of the most threatened groups of animals. Frogs, salamanders, and caecilians are declining worldwide due to habitat loss, over-collection as food and for the pet trade, the outbreak of a deadly fungal disease, pollution and pesticides, introduced species, and the effects of climate change. Some of these forces are interacting synergistically to further increase their vulnerability to extinction. Since 1980 more than 200 species are believed to have gone extinct. [URL="http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=embed&hl=en&geocode=&q=%2B14+0.0+%2B75+0.0&sll=14.008696,-74.992676&sspn=13.190473,21.862793&ie=UTF8&ll=24.046464,79.277344&spn=51.186803,87.451172&t=k&z=4"]View Map[/URL][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Arial][SIZE=1]While the discoveries are exciting for the researchers in the amphibian community, Biju warns that the surveys reveal threats to frogs, namely habitat loss to urbanization and plantations. [/SIZE][/FONT] [/SIZE][/FONT][URL="http://comments.mongabay.com/pages/news.mongabay.com/2009/0202-frogs_india.html"] [/URL] [/QUOTE]
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Animals Of India - 12 New Species Of Frogs Discovered In India
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