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Travels of Guru Nanak: A Brief
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<blockquote data-quote="dalvinder45" data-source="post: 225154" data-attributes="member: 26009"><p style="text-align: center"><strong>Guru Nanak in Burma (Mynamar)</strong></p><p></p><p>Janamsakhi Bhai Bala mentions Guru Nanak having visited Brahmpur. [1] Gyani Gian Singh mentions: “From Manipur he (Guru Nanak) left for Salmaladvipa…and sat in a garden by the side of a pond in Brahmpur [2] According to Dr Kohli: The name Brahmpur mentioned in Janamsakhi appears to connote Burma…” [3]. Gyani Lal Singh Sangrur mentions of Guru Nanak’s visit to Burma and states “Burma… had a follower of Buddha as the king. When he heard that Guru Nanak preaches that all belong to One and the only One God who is the Creator of the entire universe, he found this to be against Buddhism. To stop this, he proceeded ferociously to punish Guruji. Seeing Guru Nanak and listening to his sermon however he mellowed down and fell at Guru’s feet”. [4] It further mentions:”In the east of Bengal Bay and in the south of East Assam and China, the hilly area is Burma. Guru Ji visited Rangoon and Mandley there”.[4] Dr Arjan Singh Mann mentions; “He (Guru Nanak) travelled through Tibet, China, Japan , Java, Sumatra, Philippine and Manipur states through Burma. Buddhism was in full force in this area. Guru Nanak held discussions with their leaders.[5] Burma, these days known as Myanmar is the country along Eastern border of India.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]22463[/ATTACH]</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Map 27.1 Guru Nanak’s route to Mynamar</strong></p><p></p><p>Starting from Bishambarpur, Patna in boat/ship in Ganga, Guru Nanak reached Asrapan (Tenassarim) an island in the ocean after a journey of fifteen days and fifteen nights. Enroute he visited other cities of Bihar and Bengal and reached Chittagong. From Chittagong he travelled to Tenasserim (Southern Burma). From Tenasserim, he went to Malayasia and then to Ayudhya in Thailand. On return he visited Singapore and Sumatra. In Sumatra he redeemed Cannibal Kauda. From Sumatra he returned to Burma and visited Rangoon and other places in Burma. He visited Rakhine in West Burma’s Arakan region and redeemed Devloot. He returned through Manipur-Tripura to Chittagong enroute to Calcutta. From Java-Sumatra he has likely visited Philipines, Japan and China.</p><p><strong>[ATTACH=full]22464[/ATTACH]</strong></p><p><strong> Map 27.2 Guru Nanak's visit to Tanneserim</strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Tenasserim (Southern Burma)</strong></p><p></p><p>‘Guru Nanak reached Asrapan (Tenassarim) an island in the ocean after a journey of fifteen days and fifteen nights. Tennasarim is an island and was then under Majapahit Empire and can be connected to Aspahan Des of Bhai Bala Janamsakhi since Asparan or Sparan are the jackfruit grown along Tenasserim.[6] There were frequent travels from Chittagong to Tennasarim en route to east Asian and China. Since Chittagong was under the control of king of Sondeep and later under Arakan and not under Majapahit, Nagaland is also not being considered here as Bisiar Des. Manipur and Cachar are not islands and were not under the influence of Majapahit hence these too are not considered. After Chittagong, the only state which comes first under the influence of Majapahit is Tennasarim, the Southern part of Burma. South of it is Singapore, the main city. This mountain chain is named after the Tenasserim Region (Tanintharyi) in Burma and its name in Thai is Thio Khao Tanaosi, also spelt as Tanawsri, Tanao Sri, Tanaw Sri or in Malay as Tanah Seri. Asparan or Sparan are the jackfruit grown along Tenasserim.[7] Tennasarim is an island and was then under Majapahit Empire. There were frequent travels from Chittagong to Tennasarim en route to east Asian and China. Niccolò de' Conti (1395–1469) travelled from Sumatra to Tennasarim and then to the mouth of Ganges (Dacca) and it took him 16 days. [8][9] It takes about the same time to travel to Tennasarim from Patna as Niccolo de Conti took a few years earlier. Gyani Lal Singh Sangrur mentions: Guru ji visited Rangoon and Mandley etc. Buddhism had large impact in this area. He held discussions with famous religious leaders.”[10] [11] Thus Tennasarim is considered here to be the country of Jhanda Badhi and the place visited as Singapore and other locations in Burma and other countries of East Asia.Thus Tennasarim is considered here to be the country of Jhanda Badhi.</p><p></p><p>While in Tennasarim, Inder Sain guided Guru Nanak to Jhanda Badhi a saintly person with courtesy. The Guru and his companions were received well and given good food and provided staying arrangements by Jhanda Badhi. The Guru blessed Jhanda Badhi to be the head preacher of entire East Asia. Inder Sain established a great rapport with the Guru. He too was blessed by the Guru. As the King Sudhar Sain got the news of Guru Nanak's arrival, He said, "A saint has come to my city that has been accepted as Guru by Jhanda Badhi. Please bring him to me". Inder Sain his nephew proceeded to Guru Nanak with fruits and gifts. Bowing before him he gave whatever he had brought. He prayed to the Guru "Sir, the king is eagerly waiting for you. You must bless him". Blessing Sudhar Sain, Guru Nanak sang a hymn in Raag Bilawal, 'Mite aandh agyan bikara, Aisa sahibmeet hamara (meet the Great Lord, whom we love”. Guru Nanak blessed Sudhar Sain and bestowed upon him the kingdom of 100 islands ruled by eighteen kings. He ruled three continents on the name of Guru Nanak and became a great person ....Guru Nanak stayed with king Sudhar Sain and Jhanda Badhi for one month on the request of Inder Sain.[11]</p><p></p><p>According to Gyani Lal Singh Sangrur [12] (p.71) Guru Nanak reached Burma giving message of Truth and Naam all over. The king of the area was a Buddhist. When he heard that the teachings of Guru Nanak are not exactly the same as Buddhism regarding God he came fuming to punish the Guru. As he came face to face with Guru ji and exchanged a few words, he realized the truth, found peace of mind and followed the Guru thereafter.</p><p></p><p>One part of Tenasserim valley of Burma came under Malaya. Guru Nanak moved to the area of Burma in Malaya Peninsula, hence covered under Malaya Peninisula wherefrm Guru Nanak went to Thailand.</p><p></p><p>While returning from Sumatra Guru Nanak renentered Burma and went to Rangoon (Yangoon) and visited various areas in and adjoining areas to Burma including Rakhine state in Arakan, Manipur- and Tripura. Yangon also known as Rangoon, is a former capital of Burma (Myanmar) and the capital of Tangon Region. It is a combination of the two words yan and koun which mean "enemies" and "run out of" respectively. It is also translated as "End of Strife". "Rangoon" most likely comes from the British imitation of the pronunciation of "Yangon" in the Rakhine dialect (Arakanese) of Burmese. Yangon was founded as Dagon in the early 11th century (circa 1028–1043) by the Mon, who dominated Lower Burma at that time.[13] Dagon was a small fishing village centred about the Shwedagon Pagoda. In 1755, King Alaungpaya conquered Dagon, renamed it "Yangon", and added settlements around Dagon. The British captured Yangon during the First Anglo-Burmese war (1824–26), but returned it to Burmese administration after the war. The city was destroyed by a fire in 1841. [14]</p><p></p><p>Yangon is located in Lower Burma (Myanmar) at the convergence of the Yangon and Bago Rivers about 30 km(19 mi) away from the Gulf of Martban at 16°48' North, 96°09' East (16.8, 96.15). Its standard time zone is UTC/GMT +6:30 hours. It is now the country's largest city with a population of over five million, and is the most important commercial centre, although the military government officially relocated the capital to Navpyadaw in March 2006.[15] Yangon is Burma's main domestic and international hub for air, rail, and ground transportation.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]22465[/ATTACH]</p><p><strong>Yangon Riverside View</strong></p><p>[ATTACH=full]22466[/ATTACH]</p><p><strong> Yangon Downtown Panorama View</strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Rakhine: Redeeming devloot</strong></p><p></p><p>During these travels the Guru came across Sea demons (JSBB p.166-167) as well various Cannibals and wild men en route. His next journey was to Deogandhar. Its ruler was Devloot, who ruled 17 lakh gods. He was a cannibal. As he came to know of the three sitting outside his city, he ordered his soldiers to bring them for his food. When the soldiers came to arrest them, they were unable to see the Guru and his companions. On the failure of soldiers, Devloot himself tried but he too was unable to see Guru. One of his ministers, Devdoot, told Devloot, "The saint seems to be a person of great divine power. Let me go with no ill feeling and see what happens. If I too get blinded, you can do to me whatever you wish." The king Devloot agreed. As Devdoot went with pure heart he could see Guru Nanak and his companions. He asked Guru Nanak his name and the place he came from. Guru Nanak told him Amar Nagar as his residence and Nanak Nirankari as his name. The minister requested him to go to the city with him which Guru Nanak refused stating that he being a saint was happy wherever he was.....The minister told the complete details to the king Devloot, but the king remained adamant to hunt upon the Guru and said, "Let us all go. In case I am able to catch him, you will be punished". As they all went, all except the minister became blind again. Raja Devloot was repentant at his act. He prayed to Guru Nanak to excuse him. At this Guru Nanak asked him to open his eyes. Astonishingly the king, on opening his eyes, found Guru Nanak in front of him. Guru Nanak then asked him to change his food habits, to stop cannibalism and to consider all men equal. He also asked him to accept king Sudharsain as his superior lord which Devloot gladly accepted. He stayed there for nine months. [16]</p><p></p><p>This area of Devloot was probably Rakhine (Arakan).The term Rakhine is believed to have been derived from the Pali word Rakkhapura (Sanskrit Raksapura), meaning "Land of Ogres" (Rakshas), possibly a pejorative referring to the original Negreto inhabitants. The Pali word "Rakkhapura" ("Rakkhita") means "land of the people of Rakhasa" (also Rakkha, Rakhaing). The reign Mrauk U as per Araknese chronicle Rakhine Razavin Thit [17] (Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1931) was from 1429 to 1785 AD. The Marak U first kingdom started from 1429 AD and continued till 1531 AD. During the times of visit of Guru Nanak Salingathu ruled the kingdom from July 1494 to February 1502 followed by his sons Raza upto Novemeber 1513 and Gazapati upto January 1515, Saw O, brother of Salingathu from January 1515 to July 1515 and Thazta son of Dawlya from July 1515 to Aril 1521. Name Arakan for it was used in British colonial times and is believed to be a Portuguese corruption of the word Rakhine that is still popularly used in English. Mrauk U was declared capital of the Arakanese kingdom in 1431. At its peak, Mrauk U controlled half of Bangladesh, modern day Rakhine State (Arakan) and the western part of Lower Burma city grew, many pagodas and temples were built. Several of them remain, and these are the main attraction of Mrauk-U. From the 15th to 18th centuries, Mrauk U was the capital of a mighty Arakan kingdom, frequently visited by foreign traders (including Portuguese and Dutch), and this is reflected in the grandeur and scope of the structures dotted around its vicinity. [18][19[20] Mrauk-U went on to be a powerful kingdom in its own right between 15th and 17th centuries, including East Bengal between 1459 and 1666. Arakan was the only post-Pagan kingdom not to be annexed by the Toungoo dynasty of Burma.</p><p></p><p>His next journey was to Parasnama. It was ruled by Teekhtain. People here looked like apes. When they reached the city Mardana got afraid of them. Guru Nanak explained that they are originals of the area and are looking like apes. There is nothing to be afraid of them. Seeing the there one of the ape fled giving loud cries and retuned with fresh fruit from the Jungle. Guru Nanak said,” Bala take this. This is a pure food. These ape like persons are vegetarians. The king of the area also came and paid them regards. Guru Nanak gave them the True Naam. All of them became followers of Guru Nanak [21].</p><p></p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p></p><p>[1] Surinder Singh Kohli (Dr) ed.,1995, Janamsakhi Bhai Bala, Chandigarh, Punjab University, 2nd edn.pp 170</p><p></p><p>[2] Giani Gyan Singh, 1955 Twareekh Guru Khalsa, Part I, Patiala, Bhasha Vibhag, , p.121 mentions: “From Manipur he left for Salmaladvipa…and sat in a garden by the side of a pond in Brahmpur.”</p><p></p><p>[3] Surinder Singh Kohli (Dr), 1978, Travels of Guru Nanak, Chandigarh, Punjab University, (2nd edn), p.54</p><p></p><p>[4] Gyani Lal Singh Sangrur, 1955, Guru Khalsa Twareekh Ludhiana, Lahore Book Shop, 3rdedition p. 71</p><p></p><p>[5] Arjan Singh Mann Dr, 1959, Guru Tegh Bahadur and Assam, Sikh Publishing House, New Delhi, p.47</p><p></p><p>[6] Jackfruit (Artocarpus champeden) is the fruit of plants from the family Moraceae.Fruit shape, flavor and fragrance such as Jackfruit, although often stab strong aroma like fruit durian. This plant comes from Southeast Asia, and spread from Tenasserim region of Burma, the Malay Peninsula, including Thailand, and partly archipelago: Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, Maluku up to Papua.Also a common sight in western Java.Monthly Archives: November 2013, Benefits of Fruit Chempedak, November 24, Originally posted on Bakulatz.</p><p></p><p>[7] Niccolò de' Conti (1395–1469) was a venetian merchant and explorer, born in Chioggia, who traveled to India and Southeast Asia, and possibly to Southern China, during the early 15th century. From Sumatra de' Conti Sumatra continued after sailing 16 days to Tennasarim on the Malay peninsula. He then sailed to the mouth of the Ganges. (Le voyage aux Indes de Nicolò de' Conti (1414–1439))</p><p></p><p>[8] Lal Singh Sangrur, (Giani), 1940,Guru Khalsa Twarikh, Ludhiana, Lahore Book shop, 1955, 3rd edn, p.71-72</p><p></p><p>[9] Giani Lal Singh Sangrur p.71</p><p></p><p>[10] Arya, R.P. (ed.) The School Atlas, p.25</p><p></p><p>[11]Surinder Singh Kohli (Dr.), p-56-7 Surinder Singh Kohli (Dr) ed.,1995, Janamsakhi Bhai Bala, Chandigarh, Punjab University, 2nd edn.</p><p></p><p>[12] Giani Lal Singh Sangrur, p.71</p><p></p><p>[13] Founded during the reign of King Pontarika, per Charles James Forbes Smith-Forbes (1882). Legendary History of Burma and Arakan.The Government Press. p. 20; the king's reign was 1028 to 1043 per Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. p. 368.</p><p></p><p>[14] Kyaw Kyaw (2006). Frauke Krass, Hartmut Gaese, Mi Mi Kyi, ed. Megacity yangon: transformation processes and modern developments. Berlin: Lit Verlag. pp. 333–334.ISBN 3-8258-0042-3</p><p></p><p>[15] "Burma’s new capital stages parade”, BBC News. 27 March 2006; Retrieved 3 August 2006.</p><p></p><p>[16] Janam Sakhi Bhai Bala edited by Dr Surinder Singh Kohli, pp. 180-183)</p><p></p><p>[17] Araknese chronicle Rakhine Razavin Thit, Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1931</p><p></p><p>[18] Hall, D.G.E., 1960, Burma (3rd edn). Hutchinson University Library. ISBN 978-1-4067-3053-1</p><p></p><p>[19] Harvey, G. E. , 1925, History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London:Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.</p><p></p><p>[20] Htin Aung, Maung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press.</p><p></p><p>[21] Janam Sakhi Bhai Bala ed Dr Surinder Singh Kohli, p.183-184</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="dalvinder45, post: 225154, member: 26009"] [CENTER][B]Guru Nanak in Burma (Mynamar)[/B][/CENTER] Janamsakhi Bhai Bala mentions Guru Nanak having visited Brahmpur. [1] Gyani Gian Singh mentions: “From Manipur he (Guru Nanak) left for Salmaladvipa…and sat in a garden by the side of a pond in Brahmpur [2] According to Dr Kohli: The name Brahmpur mentioned in Janamsakhi appears to connote Burma…” [3]. Gyani Lal Singh Sangrur mentions of Guru Nanak’s visit to Burma and states “Burma… had a follower of Buddha as the king. When he heard that Guru Nanak preaches that all belong to One and the only One God who is the Creator of the entire universe, he found this to be against Buddhism. To stop this, he proceeded ferociously to punish Guruji. Seeing Guru Nanak and listening to his sermon however he mellowed down and fell at Guru’s feet”. [4] It further mentions:”In the east of Bengal Bay and in the south of East Assam and China, the hilly area is Burma. Guru Ji visited Rangoon and Mandley there”.[4] Dr Arjan Singh Mann mentions; “He (Guru Nanak) travelled through Tibet, China, Japan , Java, Sumatra, Philippine and Manipur states through Burma. Buddhism was in full force in this area. Guru Nanak held discussions with their leaders.[5] Burma, these days known as Myanmar is the country along Eastern border of India. [ATTACH type="full"]22463[/ATTACH] [B] Map 27.1 Guru Nanak’s route to Mynamar[/B] Starting from Bishambarpur, Patna in boat/ship in Ganga, Guru Nanak reached Asrapan (Tenassarim) an island in the ocean after a journey of fifteen days and fifteen nights. Enroute he visited other cities of Bihar and Bengal and reached Chittagong. From Chittagong he travelled to Tenasserim (Southern Burma). From Tenasserim, he went to Malayasia and then to Ayudhya in Thailand. On return he visited Singapore and Sumatra. In Sumatra he redeemed Cannibal Kauda. From Sumatra he returned to Burma and visited Rangoon and other places in Burma. He visited Rakhine in West Burma’s Arakan region and redeemed Devloot. He returned through Manipur-Tripura to Chittagong enroute to Calcutta. From Java-Sumatra he has likely visited Philipines, Japan and China. [B][ATTACH type="full"]22464[/ATTACH] Map 27.2 Guru Nanak's visit to Tanneserim Tenasserim (Southern Burma)[/B] ‘Guru Nanak reached Asrapan (Tenassarim) an island in the ocean after a journey of fifteen days and fifteen nights. Tennasarim is an island and was then under Majapahit Empire and can be connected to Aspahan Des of Bhai Bala Janamsakhi since Asparan or Sparan are the jackfruit grown along Tenasserim.[6] There were frequent travels from Chittagong to Tennasarim en route to east Asian and China. Since Chittagong was under the control of king of Sondeep and later under Arakan and not under Majapahit, Nagaland is also not being considered here as Bisiar Des. Manipur and Cachar are not islands and were not under the influence of Majapahit hence these too are not considered. After Chittagong, the only state which comes first under the influence of Majapahit is Tennasarim, the Southern part of Burma. South of it is Singapore, the main city. This mountain chain is named after the Tenasserim Region (Tanintharyi) in Burma and its name in Thai is Thio Khao Tanaosi, also spelt as Tanawsri, Tanao Sri, Tanaw Sri or in Malay as Tanah Seri. Asparan or Sparan are the jackfruit grown along Tenasserim.[7] Tennasarim is an island and was then under Majapahit Empire. There were frequent travels from Chittagong to Tennasarim en route to east Asian and China. Niccolò de' Conti (1395–1469) travelled from Sumatra to Tennasarim and then to the mouth of Ganges (Dacca) and it took him 16 days. [8][9] It takes about the same time to travel to Tennasarim from Patna as Niccolo de Conti took a few years earlier. Gyani Lal Singh Sangrur mentions: Guru ji visited Rangoon and Mandley etc. Buddhism had large impact in this area. He held discussions with famous religious leaders.”[10] [11] Thus Tennasarim is considered here to be the country of Jhanda Badhi and the place visited as Singapore and other locations in Burma and other countries of East Asia.Thus Tennasarim is considered here to be the country of Jhanda Badhi. While in Tennasarim, Inder Sain guided Guru Nanak to Jhanda Badhi a saintly person with courtesy. The Guru and his companions were received well and given good food and provided staying arrangements by Jhanda Badhi. The Guru blessed Jhanda Badhi to be the head preacher of entire East Asia. Inder Sain established a great rapport with the Guru. He too was blessed by the Guru. As the King Sudhar Sain got the news of Guru Nanak's arrival, He said, "A saint has come to my city that has been accepted as Guru by Jhanda Badhi. Please bring him to me". Inder Sain his nephew proceeded to Guru Nanak with fruits and gifts. Bowing before him he gave whatever he had brought. He prayed to the Guru "Sir, the king is eagerly waiting for you. You must bless him". Blessing Sudhar Sain, Guru Nanak sang a hymn in Raag Bilawal, 'Mite aandh agyan bikara, Aisa sahibmeet hamara (meet the Great Lord, whom we love”. Guru Nanak blessed Sudhar Sain and bestowed upon him the kingdom of 100 islands ruled by eighteen kings. He ruled three continents on the name of Guru Nanak and became a great person ....Guru Nanak stayed with king Sudhar Sain and Jhanda Badhi for one month on the request of Inder Sain.[11] According to Gyani Lal Singh Sangrur [12] (p.71) Guru Nanak reached Burma giving message of Truth and Naam all over. The king of the area was a Buddhist. When he heard that the teachings of Guru Nanak are not exactly the same as Buddhism regarding God he came fuming to punish the Guru. As he came face to face with Guru ji and exchanged a few words, he realized the truth, found peace of mind and followed the Guru thereafter. One part of Tenasserim valley of Burma came under Malaya. Guru Nanak moved to the area of Burma in Malaya Peninsula, hence covered under Malaya Peninisula wherefrm Guru Nanak went to Thailand. While returning from Sumatra Guru Nanak renentered Burma and went to Rangoon (Yangoon) and visited various areas in and adjoining areas to Burma including Rakhine state in Arakan, Manipur- and Tripura. Yangon also known as Rangoon, is a former capital of Burma (Myanmar) and the capital of Tangon Region. It is a combination of the two words yan and koun which mean "enemies" and "run out of" respectively. It is also translated as "End of Strife". "Rangoon" most likely comes from the British imitation of the pronunciation of "Yangon" in the Rakhine dialect (Arakanese) of Burmese. Yangon was founded as Dagon in the early 11th century (circa 1028–1043) by the Mon, who dominated Lower Burma at that time.[13] Dagon was a small fishing village centred about the Shwedagon Pagoda. In 1755, King Alaungpaya conquered Dagon, renamed it "Yangon", and added settlements around Dagon. The British captured Yangon during the First Anglo-Burmese war (1824–26), but returned it to Burmese administration after the war. The city was destroyed by a fire in 1841. [14] Yangon is located in Lower Burma (Myanmar) at the convergence of the Yangon and Bago Rivers about 30 km(19 mi) away from the Gulf of Martban at 16°48' North, 96°09' East (16.8, 96.15). Its standard time zone is UTC/GMT +6:30 hours. It is now the country's largest city with a population of over five million, and is the most important commercial centre, although the military government officially relocated the capital to Navpyadaw in March 2006.[15] Yangon is Burma's main domestic and international hub for air, rail, and ground transportation. [ATTACH type="full"]22465[/ATTACH] [B]Yangon Riverside View[/B] [ATTACH type="full"]22466[/ATTACH] [B] Yangon Downtown Panorama View Rakhine: Redeeming devloot[/B] During these travels the Guru came across Sea demons (JSBB p.166-167) as well various Cannibals and wild men en route. His next journey was to Deogandhar. Its ruler was Devloot, who ruled 17 lakh gods. He was a cannibal. As he came to know of the three sitting outside his city, he ordered his soldiers to bring them for his food. When the soldiers came to arrest them, they were unable to see the Guru and his companions. On the failure of soldiers, Devloot himself tried but he too was unable to see Guru. One of his ministers, Devdoot, told Devloot, "The saint seems to be a person of great divine power. Let me go with no ill feeling and see what happens. If I too get blinded, you can do to me whatever you wish." The king Devloot agreed. As Devdoot went with pure heart he could see Guru Nanak and his companions. He asked Guru Nanak his name and the place he came from. Guru Nanak told him Amar Nagar as his residence and Nanak Nirankari as his name. The minister requested him to go to the city with him which Guru Nanak refused stating that he being a saint was happy wherever he was.....The minister told the complete details to the king Devloot, but the king remained adamant to hunt upon the Guru and said, "Let us all go. In case I am able to catch him, you will be punished". As they all went, all except the minister became blind again. Raja Devloot was repentant at his act. He prayed to Guru Nanak to excuse him. At this Guru Nanak asked him to open his eyes. Astonishingly the king, on opening his eyes, found Guru Nanak in front of him. Guru Nanak then asked him to change his food habits, to stop cannibalism and to consider all men equal. He also asked him to accept king Sudharsain as his superior lord which Devloot gladly accepted. He stayed there for nine months. [16] This area of Devloot was probably Rakhine (Arakan).The term Rakhine is believed to have been derived from the Pali word Rakkhapura (Sanskrit Raksapura), meaning "Land of Ogres" (Rakshas), possibly a pejorative referring to the original Negreto inhabitants. The Pali word "Rakkhapura" ("Rakkhita") means "land of the people of Rakhasa" (also Rakkha, Rakhaing). The reign Mrauk U as per Araknese chronicle Rakhine Razavin Thit [17] (Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1931) was from 1429 to 1785 AD. The Marak U first kingdom started from 1429 AD and continued till 1531 AD. During the times of visit of Guru Nanak Salingathu ruled the kingdom from July 1494 to February 1502 followed by his sons Raza upto Novemeber 1513 and Gazapati upto January 1515, Saw O, brother of Salingathu from January 1515 to July 1515 and Thazta son of Dawlya from July 1515 to Aril 1521. Name Arakan for it was used in British colonial times and is believed to be a Portuguese corruption of the word Rakhine that is still popularly used in English. Mrauk U was declared capital of the Arakanese kingdom in 1431. At its peak, Mrauk U controlled half of Bangladesh, modern day Rakhine State (Arakan) and the western part of Lower Burma city grew, many pagodas and temples were built. Several of them remain, and these are the main attraction of Mrauk-U. From the 15th to 18th centuries, Mrauk U was the capital of a mighty Arakan kingdom, frequently visited by foreign traders (including Portuguese and Dutch), and this is reflected in the grandeur and scope of the structures dotted around its vicinity. [18][19[20] Mrauk-U went on to be a powerful kingdom in its own right between 15th and 17th centuries, including East Bengal between 1459 and 1666. Arakan was the only post-Pagan kingdom not to be annexed by the Toungoo dynasty of Burma. His next journey was to Parasnama. It was ruled by Teekhtain. People here looked like apes. When they reached the city Mardana got afraid of them. Guru Nanak explained that they are originals of the area and are looking like apes. There is nothing to be afraid of them. Seeing the there one of the ape fled giving loud cries and retuned with fresh fruit from the Jungle. Guru Nanak said,” Bala take this. This is a pure food. These ape like persons are vegetarians. The king of the area also came and paid them regards. Guru Nanak gave them the True Naam. All of them became followers of Guru Nanak [21]. [B]References[/B] [1] Surinder Singh Kohli (Dr) ed.,1995, Janamsakhi Bhai Bala, Chandigarh, Punjab University, 2nd edn.pp 170 [2] Giani Gyan Singh, 1955 Twareekh Guru Khalsa, Part I, Patiala, Bhasha Vibhag, , p.121 mentions: “From Manipur he left for Salmaladvipa…and sat in a garden by the side of a pond in Brahmpur.” [3] Surinder Singh Kohli (Dr), 1978, Travels of Guru Nanak, Chandigarh, Punjab University, (2nd edn), p.54 [4] Gyani Lal Singh Sangrur, 1955, Guru Khalsa Twareekh Ludhiana, Lahore Book Shop, 3rdedition p. 71 [5] Arjan Singh Mann Dr, 1959, Guru Tegh Bahadur and Assam, Sikh Publishing House, New Delhi, p.47 [6] Jackfruit (Artocarpus champeden) is the fruit of plants from the family Moraceae.Fruit shape, flavor and fragrance such as Jackfruit, although often stab strong aroma like fruit durian. This plant comes from Southeast Asia, and spread from Tenasserim region of Burma, the Malay Peninsula, including Thailand, and partly archipelago: Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, Maluku up to Papua.Also a common sight in western Java.Monthly Archives: November 2013, Benefits of Fruit Chempedak, November 24, Originally posted on Bakulatz. [7] Niccolò de' Conti (1395–1469) was a venetian merchant and explorer, born in Chioggia, who traveled to India and Southeast Asia, and possibly to Southern China, during the early 15th century. From Sumatra de' Conti Sumatra continued after sailing 16 days to Tennasarim on the Malay peninsula. He then sailed to the mouth of the Ganges. (Le voyage aux Indes de Nicolò de' Conti (1414–1439)) [8] Lal Singh Sangrur, (Giani), 1940,Guru Khalsa Twarikh, Ludhiana, Lahore Book shop, 1955, 3rd edn, p.71-72 [9] Giani Lal Singh Sangrur p.71 [10] Arya, R.P. (ed.) The School Atlas, p.25 [11]Surinder Singh Kohli (Dr.), p-56-7 Surinder Singh Kohli (Dr) ed.,1995, Janamsakhi Bhai Bala, Chandigarh, Punjab University, 2nd edn. [12] Giani Lal Singh Sangrur, p.71 [13] Founded during the reign of King Pontarika, per Charles James Forbes Smith-Forbes (1882). Legendary History of Burma and Arakan.The Government Press. p. 20; the king's reign was 1028 to 1043 per Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. p. 368. [14] Kyaw Kyaw (2006). Frauke Krass, Hartmut Gaese, Mi Mi Kyi, ed. Megacity yangon: transformation processes and modern developments. Berlin: Lit Verlag. pp. 333–334.ISBN 3-8258-0042-3 [15] "Burma’s new capital stages parade”, BBC News. 27 March 2006; Retrieved 3 August 2006. [16] Janam Sakhi Bhai Bala edited by Dr Surinder Singh Kohli, pp. 180-183) [17] Araknese chronicle Rakhine Razavin Thit, Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1931 [18] Hall, D.G.E., 1960, Burma (3rd edn). Hutchinson University Library. ISBN 978-1-4067-3053-1 [19] Harvey, G. E. , 1925, History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London:Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. [20] Htin Aung, Maung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press. [21] Janam Sakhi Bhai Bala ed Dr Surinder Singh Kohli, p.183-184 [/QUOTE]
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Travels of Guru Nanak: A Brief
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