☀️ JOIN SPN MOBILE
Forums
New posts
Guru Granth Sahib
Composition, Arrangement & Layout
ਜਪੁ | Jup
ਸੋ ਦਰੁ | So Dar
ਸੋਹਿਲਾ | Sohilaa
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
Ashtpadiyan (53-71)
Gurbani (71-74)
Pahre (74-78)
Chhant (78-81)
Vanjara (81-82)
Vaar Siri Raag (83-91)
Bhagat Bani (91-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
Gurbani (94-109)
Ashtpadi (109)
Ashtpadiyan (110-129)
Ashtpadi (129-130)
Ashtpadiyan (130-133)
Bara Maha (133-136)
Din Raen (136-137)
Vaar Maajh Ki (137-150)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
Ashtpadiyan (220-234)
Karhalei (234-235)
Ashtpadiyan (235-242)
Chhant (242-249)
Baavan Akhari (250-262)
Sukhmani (262-296)
Thittee (296-300)
Gauree kii Vaar (300-323)
Gurbani (323-330)
Ashtpadiyan (330-340)
Baavan Akhari (340-343)
Thintteen (343-344)
Vaar Kabir (344-345)
Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
Aasaavaree (409-411)
Ashtpadiyan (411-432)
Patee (432-435)
Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
Bhagat Bani (475-488)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
What's new
New posts
New media
New media comments
New resources
Latest activity
Videos
New media
New comments
Library
Latest reviews
Donate
Log in
Register
What's new
New posts
Menu
Log in
Register
Install the app
Install
Welcome to all New Sikh Philosophy Network Forums!
Explore Sikh Sikhi Sikhism...
Sign up
Log in
Discussions
Sikh Sikhi Sikhism
Travels of Guru Nanak: A Brief
JavaScript is disabled. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding.
You are using an out of date browser. It may not display this or other websites correctly.
You should upgrade or use an
alternative browser
.
Reply to thread
Message
<blockquote data-quote="dalvinder45" data-source="post: 225146" data-attributes="member: 26009"><p style="text-align: center"><strong>GURU NANAK IN ASSAM & KAMRROP</strong></p> <p style="text-align: center"><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-align: center"><strong>[ATTACH=full]22425[/ATTACH] </strong></p><p>[ATTACH=full]22426[/ATTACH]</p><p><strong> Map 19.1 Map Guru Nanak in Kamroop and Assam</strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Assam</strong> is a state of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" target="_blank">India</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East_India" target="_blank">north-eastern region</a> with its capital at Dispur near Gwahati located south of the eastern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayas" target="_blank">Himalayas</a> comprising the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmaputra_Valley" target="_blank">Brahmaputra Valley</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barak_Valley" target="_blank">Barak</a> river valleys along with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbi_Anglong_District" target="_blank">Karbi Anglong</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Cachar" target="_blank">North Cachar</a> Hills with an area of 30,285 square miles (78,438 km²). The Land of mighty Brahamputra banked by lush green tree gardens and tropical forests, Assam is the North Eastern State of India bounded by Tibet and Bhutan in the North, Burma and China in the east, Burma in the south and Bengal and Bangla-Desh in the west. Earlier a composite state with a total area of 9 millions miles is now divided into 7 state territories i.e. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" target="_blank">Arunachal Pradesh</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagaland" target="_blank">Nagaland</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur" target="_blank">Manipur</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizoram" target="_blank">Mizoram</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripura" target="_blank">Tripura</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" target="_blank">Meghalaya</a> which bifurcated from it in sixties. Geographically it is connected to India through Siligurhi corridor also called chicken neck. Assam shares international borders with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan" target="_blank">Bhutan</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh" target="_blank">Bangladesh</a>; and cultures, peoples and climate with South-East Asia. Assam became a part of the British India after the British occupied the region following the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Anglo-Burmese_War" target="_blank">First Anglo-Burmese War</a> of 1824–1826. Prior to the thirteenth century, the present region was called Kāmarūpa or, alternatively, Prāgjyotiṣapur. [19.1] [19.2].</p><p></p><p>The word 'Assamese' is an English name based on the anglicised form 'Assam' from the native word "Asam", which in its turn is connected with the Shans who invaded the Brahmaputra Valley in the 13th century. [19.3][19.4] The term 'Axom or Asom' was earlier used to mean the Shan community...Subsequently the term came to be used to mean also the territory they ruled. The term 'Assam' is, relatively speaking, of recent origin and traces back to the tradition of the Ahoms who entered the Brahmaputra valley in the thirteenth century." [19.5][19.6] But most probably <em>Asama</em> meaning peerless or unequalled is a latter day Sanskritisation of some earlier form like <em>Āchām </em>[7] In medieval times the Mughals used <em>Asham</em> and Kamrup to denote a region within Assam, and during British colonialism, the English used Assam.The Ahom king was called Swargdeo, who had to be a descendant of the first king Sukapha who founded the Ahom Kingdom in India with boundaries between the Dikhau and the Dihing rivers in the 13th century, and by the end of the 19th century, the western outpost was the Assam Chouki, or Hadira Chouki, contiguous with British territories. The southern boundaries were defined by Doboka and Dimapur. The eastern portion around Bengmara, the Matak regions, was under the autonomous control of the B{censored}napati. The Kingdom of Assam, where it is entered from Bengal, commences on the north of the Berhamputra, at the Khonder Chokey, nearly opposite to the picturesque estate of the late Mr Raush at Goalpara; and at the Nagrabaree Hill on the South". [19.8]</p><p></p><p><strong>Assam during 15-16th century</strong>:</p><p>During 15th and 16th centuries Assam had two major parts; the eastern most being called Assam under the Ahom rulers and the western part was known as Kamrup under Koch rulers; the loose boundaries between the two being the Barnadi River on the northern bank of the Brahmaputra River.</p><p></p><p><strong> Ahom Kingdom</strong> (1228–1826)</p><p></p><p>Ahoms had established a kingdom in the Brahmaputra valley in Assam that maintained its sovereignty for nearly 600 years and successfully resisted <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire" target="_blank">Mughal</a> expansion in North-East India. Established by Sukapha, a Tai prince from Mong Mao, it began as a Mong in the upper reaches of the Brahamputra River. It expanded suddenly under Suhungmung in the 16th century and became multi-ethnic in character, casting a profound effect on the political and social life in the entire Brahmaputra valley. Assam was in turmoil in the sixteenth century.</p><p></p><p>Along its boundary the various small rulers of 15th century i.e., Kamta Kings, Ahom King Chutiya Kings, Kachari kings and Bhuyan Chieftains were struggling hard and fighting amongst each other to gain supremacy. “West of the Kacharis on the south bank (of the Brahmaputra), and of the Chutiya on the north, were a number of petty chiefs called Bhuyas (or Bhuyans). These chiefs were independent of the others within their own domain. But they seem to have been in the habit of joining their forces whenever</p><p></p><p>they were threatened by a common enemy. The boundary between the tract ruled by these Bhuiyas and the kingdom of Kamarupa doubtless varied from time to time; a powerful prince would bring many of them under his control, but they would again become independent when this sceptre passed into the hands of a weaker ruler. The strongest among them was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhungmung" target="_blank">Suhungmung</a> (1497–1539 AD) also known as Dahingia Raja who ultimately subdued Chuttiyas and Kacharis during his rule. They were in this process when Guru Nanak is said to have visited the area and his contact with various kings needs to be studied in this light as shown in the sketch at table 1: <strong>Change of Kamrup to Assam</strong></p><p> [ATTACH=full]22424[/ATTACH]</p><p style="text-align: center"><strong>Table 19.1 Change of Kamrup to Assam</strong></p><p></p><p>Upper boundary between Assam and Kamroop during the time of Guru Nanak’s visit was the confluence of Brahmputra and Barnadi river. Kamroop lay between Barnadi and Manas rivers. Barnadi is a river of Assam which rises in the Himalayas and enters the valley of the Brahmaputra at 26° 13′ N. and 91° 48′ E. From this point it once formed the boundary between the Districts of Kamrup and Darrang, but the river has so often changed its channel that its present course is no longer recognized as the boundary. Near the hills the Barnadi flows through forest and grass jungle, but farther south villages appear on the banks. The most important places are Sonarikhal, where two small fairs are held, and Magamuri market in the Tamulpur tahsil, which is situated about 4 miles from the Barnadi, but is a considerable centre of river-borne trade. A ferry plies throughout the year at Dumunichaki on the trunk road. The river is largely used as a trade route, and boats of 4 tons burthen can proceed as far as Sonarikhal throughout the year, and to Malmuragaon in the rainy season. It has a total length of about 100 miles.[19.9] </p><p></p><p><strong>Kamroop </strong></p><p></p><p>Kavroo Des is mentioned in Janamsakhi edited by Bhai Vir Singh [19.10] (<em>Tab Kauroo des ai nikle</em>, p.74-79) and in Janam Sakhi Bhai Bala [19.11] (<em>Aage karoo des jai pae</em>, p.152). It is realted to Kamrup.</p><p></p><p><strong> Table 2: Episodes related to Kamproop in various Janamsakhis pagewise</strong></p><p></p><table style='width: 100%'><tr><td>Sr</td><td>Episode</td><td>Puratan JS Vir Singh pages</td><td>Puratan JS SS Ashok pages</td><td>JS Bhai Bala : Kohli pages</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>Kamroop</td><td>74-79</td><td>64-66</td><td>152-153</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Kalyug</td><td>79-82</td><td>66-68</td><td>143-146</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Keed Nagar</td><td>83-84</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Keep settled (<em>Vasde Rahe</em>)</td><td>85</td><td></td><td>146</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Be uprooted (<em>Ujad jave</em>)</td><td>85-86</td><td></td><td>147</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Entering Assa Desh</td><td>86-94</td><td></td><td>147-151</td></tr></table><p></p><p>If we see the sequence of episodes; 1 to 5 can be related to Kamroop and 6 to 11 to Assam. Hence these are dealt under separate headings under Guru Nanak in Kamroop and Guru Nanak in Assam. The anecdotes that can be related to Kamroop are: Magical women of Kamroop, Meeting Kalyug, Keed Nagar, Keep settled and Be uprooted. The episodes started by visiting Assa Des can be related to Assam. These are ‘Meeting Sheikh Farid and installing a new king’, Mardana blessed with Amrit, Kauda Rakshash and ‘Meeting Jhanda Badhi’. For explaining the contents of these anecdotes Paratan Janam Sakhi edited by Bhai Vir Singh has been taken as the base to study episodes of of Kamroop.</p><p></p><p>The Koch king ruled the then Kamroop kingdom and its extent included Dhubri, Goalpara, Kokrajhar, Barpeta, Nalabari and Kamrup district of modern Assam, portions of Northern Bengal and Mymen Singh of Bangla Desh. [19.12] According to D. Nath, 1989, [13] Bishwa Singh ruled over from 1509-1540. Bishwa Singha also subjugated Bhuyans. Since this is generally the period of Guru Nanak’s visit to Kamroop, Koch King Bishwa Singh can be considered as the ruler of Kamroop<strong>.</strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p></p><p>[19.1] Bhuyan S.K., Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681–1826) 1968 p. 199</p><p>[19.2] Barbaruah Hiteswar Ahomar-Din or A History of Assam under the Ahoms 1981 p. 299</p><p>[19.3] Barua Gunaviram Assam Buranji or A History of Assam 2008 p. 108</p><p>[19.4] Gait E.A. A History of Assam 1926 Calcutta and Shimla Thacker & Co p. 230</p><p>[19.5] Bhuyan S.K. Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681–1826) 1968 p. 206</p><p>[19.6] Barbaruah Hiteswar Ahomar-Din or A History of Assam under the Ahoms 1981 p. 320</p><p>[19.7] Neog, M, 1980, <em>Early History of the Vaisnava Faith and Movement in Assam</em>, Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass, pp. 53-55</p><p>[19.8] Wade, Dr John Peter, 1805, A Geographical Sketch of Assam, Asiatic Annual Register, reprinted (Sharma,1972, p.341)</p><p>[19.9] <a href="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_029.gif" target="_blank">Page Not Found -- $NAME -- Digital South Asia Library</a></p><p>[19.10] Bhai Vir Singh, Jan 2006, Puratan Janamsakhi, Bhai Vir Singh Sahit Sadan New Delhi.</p><p>[19.11] Surinder Singh Kohli, Dr 1997, Travels of Guru Nanak, Punjab University Chandigarh 3rd edition.</p><p>[19.12] Sircar J.N. 19 90 and Sircar D.C1990 as cited in 10</p><p>[19.13] Nath D, 1989, History of Koch Kingdom, 1515-1615, Delhi, pp. 27-28.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="dalvinder45, post: 225146, member: 26009"] [CENTER][B]GURU NANAK IN ASSAM & KAMRROP [ATTACH type="full"]22425[/ATTACH] [/B][/CENTER] [ATTACH type="full"]22426[/ATTACH] [B] Map 19.1 Map Guru Nanak in Kamroop and Assam Assam[/B] is a state of [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India']India[/URL] in the [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East_India']north-eastern region[/URL] with its capital at Dispur near Gwahati located south of the eastern [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayas']Himalayas[/URL] comprising the [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmaputra_Valley']Brahmaputra Valley[/URL] and the [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barak_Valley']Barak[/URL] river valleys along with the [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbi_Anglong_District']Karbi Anglong[/URL] and the [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Cachar']North Cachar[/URL] Hills with an area of 30,285 square miles (78,438 km²). The Land of mighty Brahamputra banked by lush green tree gardens and tropical forests, Assam is the North Eastern State of India bounded by Tibet and Bhutan in the North, Burma and China in the east, Burma in the south and Bengal and Bangla-Desh in the west. Earlier a composite state with a total area of 9 millions miles is now divided into 7 state territories i.e. [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh']Arunachal Pradesh[/URL], [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagaland']Nagaland[/URL], [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipur']Manipur[/URL], [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizoram']Mizoram[/URL], [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripura']Tripura[/URL], and [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya']Meghalaya[/URL] which bifurcated from it in sixties. Geographically it is connected to India through Siligurhi corridor also called chicken neck. Assam shares international borders with [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan']Bhutan[/URL] and [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh']Bangladesh[/URL]; and cultures, peoples and climate with South-East Asia. Assam became a part of the British India after the British occupied the region following the [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Anglo-Burmese_War']First Anglo-Burmese War[/URL] of 1824–1826. Prior to the thirteenth century, the present region was called Kāmarūpa or, alternatively, Prāgjyotiṣapur. [19.1] [19.2]. The word 'Assamese' is an English name based on the anglicised form 'Assam' from the native word "Asam", which in its turn is connected with the Shans who invaded the Brahmaputra Valley in the 13th century. [19.3][19.4] The term 'Axom or Asom' was earlier used to mean the Shan community...Subsequently the term came to be used to mean also the territory they ruled. The term 'Assam' is, relatively speaking, of recent origin and traces back to the tradition of the Ahoms who entered the Brahmaputra valley in the thirteenth century." [19.5][19.6] But most probably [I]Asama[/I] meaning peerless or unequalled is a latter day Sanskritisation of some earlier form like [I]Āchām [/I][7] In medieval times the Mughals used [I]Asham[/I] and Kamrup to denote a region within Assam, and during British colonialism, the English used Assam.The Ahom king was called Swargdeo, who had to be a descendant of the first king Sukapha who founded the Ahom Kingdom in India with boundaries between the Dikhau and the Dihing rivers in the 13th century, and by the end of the 19th century, the western outpost was the Assam Chouki, or Hadira Chouki, contiguous with British territories. The southern boundaries were defined by Doboka and Dimapur. The eastern portion around Bengmara, the Matak regions, was under the autonomous control of the B{censored}napati. The Kingdom of Assam, where it is entered from Bengal, commences on the north of the Berhamputra, at the Khonder Chokey, nearly opposite to the picturesque estate of the late Mr Raush at Goalpara; and at the Nagrabaree Hill on the South". [19.8] [B]Assam during 15-16th century[/B]: During 15th and 16th centuries Assam had two major parts; the eastern most being called Assam under the Ahom rulers and the western part was known as Kamrup under Koch rulers; the loose boundaries between the two being the Barnadi River on the northern bank of the Brahmaputra River. [B] Ahom Kingdom[/B] (1228–1826) Ahoms had established a kingdom in the Brahmaputra valley in Assam that maintained its sovereignty for nearly 600 years and successfully resisted [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire']Mughal[/URL] expansion in North-East India. Established by Sukapha, a Tai prince from Mong Mao, it began as a Mong in the upper reaches of the Brahamputra River. It expanded suddenly under Suhungmung in the 16th century and became multi-ethnic in character, casting a profound effect on the political and social life in the entire Brahmaputra valley. Assam was in turmoil in the sixteenth century. Along its boundary the various small rulers of 15th century i.e., Kamta Kings, Ahom King Chutiya Kings, Kachari kings and Bhuyan Chieftains were struggling hard and fighting amongst each other to gain supremacy. “West of the Kacharis on the south bank (of the Brahmaputra), and of the Chutiya on the north, were a number of petty chiefs called Bhuyas (or Bhuyans). These chiefs were independent of the others within their own domain. But they seem to have been in the habit of joining their forces whenever they were threatened by a common enemy. The boundary between the tract ruled by these Bhuiyas and the kingdom of Kamarupa doubtless varied from time to time; a powerful prince would bring many of them under his control, but they would again become independent when this sceptre passed into the hands of a weaker ruler. The strongest among them was [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhungmung']Suhungmung[/URL] (1497–1539 AD) also known as Dahingia Raja who ultimately subdued Chuttiyas and Kacharis during his rule. They were in this process when Guru Nanak is said to have visited the area and his contact with various kings needs to be studied in this light as shown in the sketch at table 1: [B]Change of Kamrup to Assam[/B] [ATTACH type="full"]22424[/ATTACH] [CENTER][B]Table 19.1 Change of Kamrup to Assam[/B][/CENTER] Upper boundary between Assam and Kamroop during the time of Guru Nanak’s visit was the confluence of Brahmputra and Barnadi river. Kamroop lay between Barnadi and Manas rivers. Barnadi is a river of Assam which rises in the Himalayas and enters the valley of the Brahmaputra at 26° 13′ N. and 91° 48′ E. From this point it once formed the boundary between the Districts of Kamrup and Darrang, but the river has so often changed its channel that its present course is no longer recognized as the boundary. Near the hills the Barnadi flows through forest and grass jungle, but farther south villages appear on the banks. The most important places are Sonarikhal, where two small fairs are held, and Magamuri market in the Tamulpur tahsil, which is situated about 4 miles from the Barnadi, but is a considerable centre of river-borne trade. A ferry plies throughout the year at Dumunichaki on the trunk road. The river is largely used as a trade route, and boats of 4 tons burthen can proceed as far as Sonarikhal throughout the year, and to Malmuragaon in the rainy season. It has a total length of about 100 miles.[19.9] [B]Kamroop [/B] Kavroo Des is mentioned in Janamsakhi edited by Bhai Vir Singh [19.10] ([I]Tab Kauroo des ai nikle[/I], p.74-79) and in Janam Sakhi Bhai Bala [19.11] ([I]Aage karoo des jai pae[/I], p.152). It is realted to Kamrup. [B] Table 2: Episodes related to Kamproop in various Janamsakhis pagewise[/B] [TABLE] [TR] [TD]Sr[/TD] [TD]Episode[/TD] [TD]Puratan JS Vir Singh pages[/TD] [TD]Puratan JS SS Ashok pages[/TD] [TD]JS Bhai Bala : Kohli pages[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]1[/TD] [TD]Kamroop[/TD] [TD]74-79[/TD] [TD]64-66[/TD] [TD]152-153[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]2[/TD] [TD]Kalyug[/TD] [TD]79-82[/TD] [TD]66-68[/TD] [TD]143-146[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]3[/TD] [TD]Keed Nagar[/TD] [TD]83-84[/TD] [TD][/TD] [TD][/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]4[/TD] [TD]Keep settled ([I]Vasde Rahe[/I])[/TD] [TD]85[/TD] [TD][/TD] [TD]146[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]5[/TD] [TD]Be uprooted ([I]Ujad jave[/I])[/TD] [TD]85-86[/TD] [TD][/TD] [TD]147[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]6[/TD] [TD]Entering Assa Desh[/TD] [TD]86-94[/TD] [TD][/TD] [TD]147-151[/TD] [/TR] [/TABLE] If we see the sequence of episodes; 1 to 5 can be related to Kamroop and 6 to 11 to Assam. Hence these are dealt under separate headings under Guru Nanak in Kamroop and Guru Nanak in Assam. The anecdotes that can be related to Kamroop are: Magical women of Kamroop, Meeting Kalyug, Keed Nagar, Keep settled and Be uprooted. The episodes started by visiting Assa Des can be related to Assam. These are ‘Meeting Sheikh Farid and installing a new king’, Mardana blessed with Amrit, Kauda Rakshash and ‘Meeting Jhanda Badhi’. For explaining the contents of these anecdotes Paratan Janam Sakhi edited by Bhai Vir Singh has been taken as the base to study episodes of of Kamroop. The Koch king ruled the then Kamroop kingdom and its extent included Dhubri, Goalpara, Kokrajhar, Barpeta, Nalabari and Kamrup district of modern Assam, portions of Northern Bengal and Mymen Singh of Bangla Desh. [19.12] According to D. Nath, 1989, [13] Bishwa Singh ruled over from 1509-1540. Bishwa Singha also subjugated Bhuyans. Since this is generally the period of Guru Nanak’s visit to Kamroop, Koch King Bishwa Singh can be considered as the ruler of Kamroop[B]. References[/B] [19.1] Bhuyan S.K., Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681–1826) 1968 p. 199 [19.2] Barbaruah Hiteswar Ahomar-Din or A History of Assam under the Ahoms 1981 p. 299 [19.3] Barua Gunaviram Assam Buranji or A History of Assam 2008 p. 108 [19.4] Gait E.A. A History of Assam 1926 Calcutta and Shimla Thacker & Co p. 230 [19.5] Bhuyan S.K. Tunkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam (1681–1826) 1968 p. 206 [19.6] Barbaruah Hiteswar Ahomar-Din or A History of Assam under the Ahoms 1981 p. 320 [19.7] Neog, M, 1980, [I]Early History of the Vaisnava Faith and Movement in Assam[/I], Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass, pp. 53-55 [19.8] Wade, Dr John Peter, 1805, A Geographical Sketch of Assam, Asiatic Annual Register, reprinted (Sharma,1972, p.341) [19.9] [URL="http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_029.gif"]Page Not Found -- $NAME -- Digital South Asia Library[/URL] [19.10] Bhai Vir Singh, Jan 2006, Puratan Janamsakhi, Bhai Vir Singh Sahit Sadan New Delhi. [19.11] Surinder Singh Kohli, Dr 1997, Travels of Guru Nanak, Punjab University Chandigarh 3rd edition. [19.12] Sircar J.N. 19 90 and Sircar D.C1990 as cited in 10 [19.13] Nath D, 1989, History of Koch Kingdom, 1515-1615, Delhi, pp. 27-28. [/QUOTE]
Insert quotes…
Verification
Post reply
Discussions
Sikh Sikhi Sikhism
Travels of Guru Nanak: A Brief
This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register.
By continuing to use this site, you are consenting to our use of cookies.
Accept
Learn more…
Top