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Travels of Guru Nanak: A Brief
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<blockquote data-quote="dalvinder45" data-source="post: 225122" data-attributes="member: 26009"><p style="text-align: center"><strong>Chapter XIV</strong></p> <p style="text-align: center"><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-align: center"><strong>IN UTTRAPRADESH AGAIN</strong></p><p>[ATTACH=full]22366[/ATTACH]</p><p><strong> Map 14.1 Guru Nanak in Uttar Pradesh</strong></p><p></p><p>The travel by this author and on groud verification done by Turban Traveller and a Bangalore Engineer, have found the route of Guru Nanak’s travel in First udasi after Delhi through Dayalpur, Vrindivan, Mathura,Agra, Etawah, Kanpur to be more plausible hence studied in detail further.</p><p></p><p><strong> GURDWARA GURU NANAK TILA VRINDAVAN </strong></p><p>[ATTACH=full]22367[/ATTACH][ATTACH=full]22368[/ATTACH]</p><p style="text-align: center"><strong>Map 14.2 Map of Vrindavan and Mathura Photo 14.1 Gurdwara Nanak Tila Vrindvan.</strong></p> <p style="text-align: center"></p> <p style="text-align: center"></p><p>Ftrom Dayalpur Guru Nanak visited Vrindavan. Vrindavan is a historic town of Hindu Vaishanva tradition having a spiritual touch of Lord Krishna and his devotees of all the ages including Chaitanya and Mira Bai. Religious personalities, scholars, researchers, students, tourists often visited the town because of its historic importance. In the begininning of 16th century Guru Nanak started his Udasis (religious tours) to spread the message of God to the mankind. Guru Nanak came to Brindavan and sat on a Tilla, a high mound. What he saw and listened at the place he recorded it in a Pothi, a holy book later known as Guru Granth Sahib. He said:</p><p></p><p>He said:"The Saam Ved says that the Lord Master is clothed in white; In the age of Truth, all desired Truth, remained in Truth and merged with Truth. Rig Ved says that God pervades everywhere; the Name of Lord is most exalted among the deities. Nanak says: by chanting. the Name, sins depart; and the human beings get salvation. In Jajur Veda, Kahn Krishna of the Yaadva tribe forcibly seduced Chandraavali. He brought the Elysian tree to the milkmaid and enjoyed in Vrindaaban. In KalYuga, the dark age, the Atharv Ved rose to prominence; Allah became the name of God. Men began to wear blue dresses and clothes; Turks and Pathans took over. All four Veds claim to be true. There are four lessons to be learnt from reading and studying them. Salvation is attained by loving devotional worship and abiding in humility. Nanak says “I am an offering to the True Guru; Meeting him, I came to like the Lord Master. He taught me and gave me the healing salvation of spiritual wisdom, and with these eyes I see the world. Those merchants who leave their Lord and Master and cling to another will perish. The true Guru is like a boat to cross over, but few are those who understand it. Out of His mercy He transports them across." (SGGS, s. 470).</p><p></p><p>It is said that the mound, where Guru Nanak Dev Ji stayed, was in the possession of the ancestors of Thakur Peetambar Sinh who donated it to the Sikhs. The small Gurdwara on the mound was managed by Singh Sabha committee of Mathura. In 1975 the affairs of the Gurdwara came under the control of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, Sri Amritsar who managed its affairs through a local committee. Now S. Barjinder Singh of Brindavan is taking keen interest in its day-to-day affairs and the present building came into existence by his efforts whose inauguration ceremony was held on 20 September 2015 as per Sikh customs.[14.1}</p><p></p><p><strong>MATHURA:</strong></p><p></p><p>After visiting Vrindavan, Guru Nanak reached Mathura, another very important religious place where Sri Krishna spent his early life. Mathura is a historical city in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The city was sacked and looted and many of its temples destroyed in 1018 by Mahmud of Ghazni and again by Sikandar Lodhi, who ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1489 to 1517. Mathura was visited by the first, sixth, ninth and (possibly) tenth Sikh gurus. Located 150 km south of Delhi, Mathura is a well-known holy place for Hindus. There are three historic Gurdwaras here, Gudwara Nanak Bagichi is dedicated to Guru Nanak Dev ji and the other two are associated with Guru Tegh Baahdur. [14.2]</p><p></p><p><strong>GURDWARA NANAK BAGICHI, MATHURA</strong></p><p>[ATTACH=full]22369[/ATTACH]</p><p><strong> Photo 14.2 Gurdwara Nanak Bagichi Mathura</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p> Gudwara Nanak Bagichi (Guru Nanak’s small garden) is situated on the right bank of Yamuna near Masani Railway Station between Mathura and Vrindavan. It is dedicated to Guru Nanak Dev who visited Mathura and Vrindavan during the month long Shravan fair held in the Bikrami month of savan (July-August).Bagichi literally means small garden. As the water of the river Yamuna is muddy and unsuitable for drinking during Sawan, Guru Nanak was told that the place was not suitable for staying. The water in the wells of the area was brackish (unfit for drinking). However, Guru Nanak asked Mardana to fetch water from the nearest well and it was found to be sweet. Guru Nanak established a Piau (drinking water stall) there and himself supplied fresh water to the pilgrims of the city. Guru Nanak is believed to have stayed here for three months. A childless couple Mohan and his wife Sita Bai served him and were blessed with a son.</p><p></p><p>A Gurdwara was constructed here to commemorate Guru Nanak's stay here. This was preserved by the Udasi priests for a long time. In the 1950s it was taken over by the Mathura Singh Sabha and in 1975 it was handed over to Sant Sadhu Singh Muni for reconstruction. It now has a hall with a square vaulted ceiling and a porch in front, in addition to several rooms for staff and pilgrims. A side water tank with taps marks the Piao of Guru Nanak Dev Ji. [14.3]</p><p></p><p>Two more Gurdwaras; Gurdwara Singh Sabha and Gurdwara Gau Ghat commemorate Guru Tegh Bahadur’s visit to the city. A Gurdwara in memory of Guru Hargobind’s visit which earlier was located in the house of a Chaube (Brahman Priest) is no longer traceable. [14.3][14.4]</p><p>[ATTACH=full]22370[/ATTACH]</p><p><strong>14.3 Gurdwara Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib Mathura</strong></p><p></p><p>Gurdwara Guru Tegh Bahadur, Sri Guru Singh Sabha is located behind Tilak Dwar in the Old City, opposite the General Post Office on Guru Tegh Bahadur Marg. Guru Tegh Bahadur preceded via Mathura to Agra, then an alternate capital of the Mughal emperors. The site then was called Karis Tilla. Guru Tegh Bahadur stayed here for three days. A small modest Gurdwara was constructed and served as a memorial to the guru's visit here. It was maintained by the Udasis until the early 1940s when it came under the control of Mathura Sikhs. A new two-storied building was constructed and the Sikh soldiers of the Mathura garrison contributed generously with money and labour.</p><p></p><p>Since then, buildings have been added and today the Gurdwara is a compact structure with many two-story rooms around a paved courtyard. The first floor has a rectangular entrance hall with verandas to the front and rear, accessed by a wide staircase covered with white marble tiles. Guru Tegh Bahadur Adarsh Vidyalaya, which has classes from Montessori to eighth standard, is also located on site. In August 1977, a museum with images of Sikh history was established in one room. Registered as Sri Guru Singh Sabha, the Gurdwara is managed by a local committee.</p><p></p><p><strong>GURDWARA GAU GHAT SAHIB MATHURA</strong></p><p>[ATTACH=full]22371[/ATTACH]</p><p><strong>14.4 Gurdwara Gau Ghat Sahib Mathura</strong></p><p></p><p>Gurdwara Sri Gau Ghat Sahib Mathura is located near the west bank of the river where Guru Tegh Bahadur is said to have taken his morning bath. The Gurdwara is still run by Udasi Sikhs. There was another Gurdwara there. According to Bhai Kahn Singh's Mahan Koshi, this Gurdwara was built to commemorate the visit of Guru Hargobind sahib. It is said to be in the residence of Chaube (a Brahmin), who can no longer be traced. [14.5]</p><p></p><p><strong>AGRA</strong></p><p></p><p>Agra is famous for the Taj Mahal. It is located 55 kilometers south of Mathura. Fateh Pur Sikri, the former capital of Akbar, is about 200 km from Delhi and 55 km from Mathura. It was the alternate capital of the Mughal emperors from the time of Akbar. Agra became famous during the Mughal period when it became the capital. Also, because of the Mughal glory epitomized by the world-famous Taj Mahal, Agra has become such an important tourist destination. Visitors are also impressed by the grandeur of this fort.</p><p></p><p>The Sikh<em> sangat</em> was also here because Guru Nanak Dev visited there in the early 16th century. Guru Ramdas is also stated to have visitd the place. Guru Hargobind is said to have passed through this place after leaving Gwalior Fort. The eminent Sikh Scholar Bhai Gurdas is said to have preached Sikhism here for some time. Guru Tegh Bahadur visited it on his journey to the east. He came here again shortly before his arrest and execution in November 1675. It was there that Emperor Bahadur Shah formally received Guru Gobind Singh in court in July 1707. He remained here until he left with Bahadur Shah for Rajputana and thence for the Deccan. There are many historical Gurdwaras in Agra. Two Gurdwaras, Gurdwara Mai Than and Gurdwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib Loha Mandi commemorate Guru Nanak's visit to the place. Two historic shrines, one within the city limits and the other outside, are associated with Guru Tegh Bahadur. [14.6] Guru Gobind Singh is also stated to have visited Agra with Bahadur Shah.</p><p></p><p><strong>GURUDWARA MAI THAN SAHIB, AGRA</strong></p><p>[ATTACH=full]22372[/ATTACH]</p><p><strong>14.5. Gurdwara Mai Than, Agra</strong></p><p></p><p> Guru Nanak Dev Ji visited Agra from Mathura. and blessed the country with his visit. At that time, Agra was just a small village. Here lived a beautiful young woman named Jassi, (Mai Sejo accoding to Dhanna Singh Chehal, p101) [14.7] who was like Meeran Bai, totally dedicated and remained in the saintly company of Bairagi sadhus.[1][14.8] She worshipped the idol of Lord Krishna as her husband. She decorated herself, danced before the idol singing. She kept herself busy in worshipping and mesditation but her mind was not at peace. All the time she prayed to the God to have a glimpse of Him. By God’s Grace Guru Nanak reached and stayed in her garden. Hearing Guru Nanak’s arrival and his praises she came to pay obeisance to him. She however, considered herself better than others. Having seen her present Guru Nanak sang a hymn in Tilang Rag (p. 722):</p><p></p><p>O foolish and ignorant soul-bride, why are you so proud? Within the home of your own self, why do you not enjoy the Love of your Lord? Your Husband Lord is so very near, O foolish bride; why do you search for Him outside? Apply the Fear of God as the maascara to adorn your eyes, and make the Love of the Lord your ornament. Then, you shall be known as a devoted and committed soul-bride, when you enshrine love for your Husband Lord. What can the silly young bride do, if she is not pleasing to her Husband Lord? She may plead and implore so many times, but still, such a bride shall not obtain the Mansion of the Lord’s Presence. Without the karma of good deeds, nothing is obtained, although she may run around frantically. She is intoxicated with greed, pride and egotism, and engrossed in Maya. She cannot obtain her Husband Lord in these ways; the young bride is so foolish! Go and ask the happy, pure soul-brides, how did they obtain their Husband Lord? Whatever the Lord does, accept that as good; do away with your own cleverness and self-will. By His Love, true wealth is obtained; link your consciousness to His lotus feet. As your Husband Lord directs, so you must act; surrender your body and mind to Him, and apply this perfume to yourself. So speaks the happy soul-bride, O sister; in this way, the Husband Lord is obtained. Give up your selfhood, and so obtain your Husband Lord; what other clever tricks are of any use? When the Husband Lord looks upon the soul-bride with His Gracious Glance, that day is historic — the bride obtains the nine treasures. She who is loved by her Husband Lord, is the true soul-bride; O Nanak, she is the queen of all. Thus she is imbued with His Love, intoxicated with delight; day and night, she is absorbed in His Love. She is beautiful, glorious and brilliant; she is known as truly wise. (p.722)</p><p></p><p>Having heard the rythmic finely tuned and related to her problem hymn sung by Guru Nanak, she fell on Guru’s feet. She was well versant with ‘sur-taal’ and was keen to meet a true Saint. She got so tuned to the ‘Great God’ that she forgot her own existence. From that day she left idol worship and became earnest devotee of Guruji and started preaching his teaching. Her house became the center of teaching of Sikhism. To provide her further experience Guru Nanak stayed there for ten days. The sangat went on increasing and the place became famous as Mai Than.</p><p></p><p>Mai Jassi was visited by Guru Ramdas, Bhai Gurdas, Guru Hargobind ji and Guru Tegh Bahadur later</p><p></p><p>People requested Guru Tegh Bahadur for availability of pure and clean water, as water of Agra was not fit for drinking. On hearing this Mata Jassi took sangat's plea Guruji laid the foundation of well which was later completed with the help of Sangat. This holy well is still present in the premises of Gurudwara Sahib.</p><p></p><p>Mata Jassi met Guruji second time when Guruji reached Agra for courting arrest on hearing the plea of Kashmiri Pandits. Mata Ji expressed Guruji her fear that as she thought that her last days were near and as she didn't have any heir, her name will have no existance after death. Guruji told her that those who have heirs, there name is carried forward only till two or three generations, but those who have earned devotees and are connected to God, their name last forever. Guruji told here that you have been blessed to meet Guru Nanak Dev Ji and have been true to your relegion all your life. So till the date Guru Nanak Dev Ji's name is followed by the world, you will also be remembered in Sikh History. [14.9] Gurdwara Mai Than commemorates Guru Nanak’s and Guru Tegh Bahadur’s visits. Guru Nanak visited Mai Jassi on 4 <em>Bhadron</em> <em>Samwat</em> 1566 and gave the spiritual message.[14.9] Sikh <em>sangat</em> has been existing since Guru Nanak’s visit. Sikandara commemorates Guru Tegh Bahdur’s visit to the place.[14.10]</p><p></p><p>Gurdwara Mai Than is located in a narrow street near Ghatia Chowk in a ward which is also named Mai Than Mohalla after the Gurdwara. Here was the house of a devoted Sikh lady, Mai Jassi, (Dhanna Singh Chehal writes as Mai Sejo) who had long cherished a desire to see the Guru and present to him a length of cloth made from cotton yarn spun by herself. Guru Tegh Bahadur also visited her at her house shortly before his arrest in 1675 and accepted her offering. It is a three-storey building with the sanctum in a spacious hall on the ground floor, where Guru Granth Sahib is seated in a canopied seat of white marble. Rooms on the upper floors are available to staff and pilgrims for administrative and residential purposes. The Gurdwara is registered as Sri Guru Singh Sabha and is administered by Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Central Board, a registered body. On meeting Guru Ji she asked him the way to meet God and Guru Ji answered her with his holy thoughts. She was so much inspired by Guru Ji's teaching that from the day itself she left idol worship & become earnest Devotee of Guru Ji and started preaching his teachings. Her home become the Centre of teachings of Sikhism,</p><p></p><p>During the period of the third Guru on the instructions of Guru Amardas, Guru Ram Das Ji and Bhai Gurdas Ji, the epitome of Sikhism came here. According to available records, the fourth Guru Sri Ram Das and Bhai Gurdas stayed in Agra when Sri Guru Amar Das assigned them the important task of representing Sikhism at the court of Akbar on Akbar’s bidding. The devoted female disciple of Guru Nanak Mai Jassi invited Guru Ram Das and Bhai Gurdas to her house. Bhai Gurdas preached Sikhism here during his two-year stay at the home of Mata Jassi Ji (Gurudwara Mai Than) and wrote Kavitt and Swaiye. Mai Jassi also got a chance to meet the Sixth Guru, Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji. She lived upto 175 years when she met the Ninth Guru, Sri Tegh Bahadur visited Agra on his way to Patna too. While meeting Guru Ji, Mata Ji expressed her fear because she thought that her last days were near and because she only had no heir, there would be no future of her name. To this Guruji replied that the names of those who have heirs are handed down only for one or two generations, but the name of those who are serious worshippers and attached to God lasts forever. Guru Ji said; You are blessed to meet Guru Nanak Dev Ji. and you have been faithful to your religion all your life, so that until the day the world proclaims Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s name, you will be remembered in Sikh history. Mata Ji then asked Guru ji that the charity done by the heirs reaches their ancestors in heaven after their death, but since I have nothing, won't I get something in heaven? Guru Ji replied that with the teachings of Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji all the work you do will be repaid to you and your home will be known as a holy place on your name. Her house has now become a shrine and is known as Gurdwara Mai Than. Sangat gathers here in laarge numbers. The Gurdwara is located on a narrow street near Ghatia Chowk in a ward also called Mai Than Mohalla after the name of the Gurdwara. Here was the house of the devout Sikh woman, Mai Jassi. She had become quite old some record say of 175 years . After meeting Guru Nanak Dev Ji, Guru Ram Das Ji, Guru Hargobind she now desired to see Guru Tegh Bahadur and to give him a cloth of cotton thread spun by herself. Guru Tegh Bahadur visited her just before his arrest in 1675 and accepted the offer. During Guru tgh bahadur’s stay, he was requested by the Agra dwellers for a well. Guru Tegh Bahadur laid the foundations of a well made through the volunteer service of the devotees. This well exists till date and has sweet and pure drinking water for the devotees thronging to the Gurudwara. [14.11]</p><p></p><p>A Gurdwara by the name Mai Than was constructed to commemorate the visits of the Gurus. It is a three-storied building with a sanctum sanctorum in a spacious hall on the first floor, where the Sri Guru Granth Sahib is established under a white marble canopy. The rooms on the upper floors are available to staff and pilgrims for both administrative and residential purposes. The Gurdwara is registered as Sri Guru Singh Sabha and is managed by Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Central Board, a registered body. Address: City Station Rd, Neel Kanth Mahadev Mohalla, Garhia Azam Khan, Civil Lines, Agra, Uttar Pradesh 282007, Phone: 094122 62900 [14.12]</p><p></p><p><strong>GURUDWARA SHRI DUKHNIWARAN SAHIB, AGRA</strong></p><p> <strong>[ATTACH=full]22373[/ATTACH]</strong></p><p style="text-align: center"><strong>14.6 Gurudwara Dukhniwaran Sahib, Agra</strong></p><p></p><p>Gurudwara Dukhniwaran Sahib, Agra is situated in the Nayabaans, Lohamandi, Old Agra City, Uttar Pradesh. Its situated in the Nayabaans, Lohamandi Agra. Guru Nanak Dev stayed for three days in Anta Ka Bagh during his Udaasi (journey) to the East. He meditated sitting under the Pilu tree located here. Now Nishan Sahib is in the place of the tree. There are foot prints of Guru's feet peserved at this place. The Guru treated the children of a woman here. Because of this, the place was named Gurudwara Dukh Nivaran Sahib. Though the garden is no more but Gurdwara Dukh Niwaran commemorates the event. Guru Ji preached the benefits of Naam Simran (to meditate on God's Name) to the congregation under this Peelu tree (Botanical Name : Salvadoroleoides} . A fair is organized on Holi, in the memory of Peelu Vale Baba, i.e Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji. . It is situated in the Nayabaans, Loha Mandi part of Agra. and can only be reached on foot through narrow alleys. Autos howver can be used o reach this place but not the cars, buses or trucks. [14.13]</p><p> </p><p><strong>GURDWARA SRI GURU TEGH BAHADUR, SIKANDRA</strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Old sources mention the existence of a shrine in a garden outside Agra, marking the spot where Guru Tegh Bahdur offered himself for arrest. This site had become obscure until traced and revived with the construction of the present magnificent Gurdwara near Sikandra, north of Agra by Sant Sadhu Singh Mauni during the 1970s. [14.14]</strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong>GURDWRA GURU KA TAAL AGRA </strong></p><p><strong>[ATTACH=full]22374[/ATTACH]</strong></p><p><strong>14.7 Gurdwara Guru Ka Taal Agra</strong></p><p> </p><p>Guru ka Tal is the next most important pilgrimage destinations for the Sikhs in Agra.. It is located close to Sikandra (famous for the Akbar tomb) and is associated with an important episode in the history of Sikhism. This gurudwara was built in memory of Guru Teg Bahadur Ji and is visited by lakhs of devotees every year to pay respects and seek blessings. The spot where the gurudwara stands today is the place where the ninth Guru, Teg Bahadur Ji, offered himself up for arrest to Aurangzeb, the Mughal emperor of India. It is said the Guru Tegh bahadur Ji came to Agra and offered himself voluntarily to the authorities in Agra. A financially hard up Muslim sheep herder met the Guru and prayed for help. The Guru gave him his ring and a shawl for purchasing groceries. These were recognisedby thegrocer whoinformed the police which arrested the Guru. This is how Guru Sahib offered his voluntary arrest to help the destitute. After arrest Guru Sahib was kept in confinement for 9 days at this place. After his confinement at Agra he was taken to Delhi The place where Guru Sahib came initially and rested is the place where now Gurudwara Manji Sahib at Gurudwara Guru Ka Tal stands. Taal meaning a water reservoir constructed during the Jehangir era. Not much of the old construction exists now except a few Chattris.The structure dates back to the 17th century and is originally believed to have been a water reservoir (hence the name taal). According to various historical sources, the water reservoir was built around 1610 AD during the reign of Jahangir to conserve water during the rainy season. However, after the surrender of the Guru, a gurudwara was constructed in its place in his honor. Apart from the Sikhs, it is also visited by tourists in general because of its tranquillity and historical importance. This gurudwara also stands out from the other ones due to its massive size.</p><p></p><p>Gurudwara Guru Ka Taal, shares a similarity with other Mughal-era structures in terms of its overall architecture. The use of red sandstone in its construction also enhances that similarity. The structure originally consisted of twelve towers, out of which only eight have survived to this day.</p><p></p><p><strong><strong>ETAWAH</strong></strong></p><p> <strong>[ATTACH=full]22375[/ATTACH]</strong></p><p><strong>14.8 Gurdwara Poorvi Tola, Etawa</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>While going to Kanpur and Lucknow, the Guru passed through Etawah. Etawah (26° 47`N, 78° 58`E), a district town of Uttar Pradesh, 127 km southeast of Agra, has two Udasi Ashrams commemorating the visits of Guru Nanak and Baba Sri Chand. There is a Gurdwara at Etawah, but no memorials at the two places. [14.15] Sikh chronicles have not recorded these visits, but they do mention that Guru Tegh Bahadur while travelling to the east passed through Etawah. He is believed to have stayed at the place where Udasi Ashram exists inside the town. The ashram is now known as Gurdwara Purabi Tola, also referred to locally as Bara Sangat. Located inside the town near the courts and the Kotwali (police station), it is popularly called Bari Sangat (lit. the larger congregation). The form of worship of the Udasi priests who control the Shrine is nearer to Hindu than a Sikh liturgy, but Guru Granth Sahib printed in Devnagri script is seated in a pavilion in one of the numerous courtyards. It is opened in the morning and closed in the same way and with the similar respect as is done in Sikh Gurudwaras. A copy of Guru Granth Sahib in Gurmukhi script is kept wrapped up in a small room nearby, because few priests of the present generation can read it. The Gurdwara is open to outsiders only during the day. Several Sahajdhari Sikhs come to bow before it in the morning and evening everyday. [14.16][14.17][14.18]</strong></p><p><strong></strong></p><p><strong><strong>References Chapter 14</strong></strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>14.1 Surinder Singh Kohli, Janamsakhi Bhai Bala, 1990, p.164-165, SGGS, s. 470.</strong></p><p><strong>14.2. Surinder Singh Kohli, Janamsakhi Bhai Bala, 1990, p.164-165</strong></p><p><strong>14.3. Op cit p.165</strong></p><p><strong>14.4 Gyani Gian Singh, Twareekh Khalsa, Guru 1, Part 1, p.133 4 Bhadron Samvat 1566 Bikrami nu Agre a thahire. Uthon ik Mai Jassi nam jano dooji Meeran bai si, satsang us nun Bairagi faqiran da si.</strong></p><p><strong>14.5.https://www.discoversikhism.com/sikh_gurdwaras/gurdwara_sri_guru_nanak_sahib_bagichi.htm</strong></p><p><strong>14.6. Tarlochan Singh Dr. Biography Guru Nanak</strong></p><p><strong>14.7. Dhanna Singh Chehal, p.101</strong></p><p><strong>14.8. Tara Singh, Sri Guru Tirath Sangrahi. Amritsar, n.d.</strong></p><p><strong>14.9.Thakar Singh, Giani, Sri Gurduare Darshan. Amritsar, 1923.</strong></p><p><strong>14.10. Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, March 2005, Gurdham Didar based on Mahan Kosh of Kahn Singh Nabha, p.248</strong></p><p><strong>14.11. Gurmukh Singh, September 1995, Sikh Shrines, Amritsar, Singh Bros, p.315)</strong></p><p><strong>14.12.http://www.historicalgurudwaras.com/India/UttarPradesh/Agra/GurudwaraShriMaiThaanSahibAgra/ gallery.php</strong></p><p><strong>14.13. <a href="https://www.historicalgurudwaras.com/GurudwaraDetail.aspx?gid=2948" target="_blank">HistoricalGurudwaras.com, a Journey to Historical Gurudwara Sahibs</a></strong></p><p><strong>14.14. <a href="https://www.historicalgurudwaras.com/GurudwaraDetail.aspx?gid=2906" target="_blank">HistoricalGurudwaras.com, a Journey to Historical Gurudwara Sahibs</a></strong></p><p><strong>14.15.Randhir Singh, Udasi Sikhan dii Vithia. Chandigarh, 1972</strong></p><p><strong>14.16. <a href="http://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/other-historical-places/india/etawah" target="_blank">ETAWAH - The Sikh Encyclopedia</a></strong></p><p><strong>14. 17 Gurmukh Singh, September 1995, Sikh Shrines, Amritsar, Singh Bros, p.315</strong></p><p><strong>14.18. Dr Surinder Singh Kohli, Travels of Guru Nanak, Punjab University, Chandigarh, p.27</strong></p><p></p><p>Continued</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="dalvinder45, post: 225122, member: 26009"] [CENTER][B]Chapter XIV IN UTTRAPRADESH AGAIN[/B][/CENTER] [ATTACH type="full" alt="1706628464312.png"]22366[/ATTACH] [B] Map 14.1 Guru Nanak in Uttar Pradesh[/B] The travel by this author and on groud verification done by Turban Traveller and a Bangalore Engineer, have found the route of Guru Nanak’s travel in First udasi after Delhi through Dayalpur, Vrindivan, Mathura,Agra, Etawah, Kanpur to be more plausible hence studied in detail further. [B] GURDWARA GURU NANAK TILA VRINDAVAN [/B] [ATTACH type="full" width="285px" alt="1706628498824.png"]22367[/ATTACH][ATTACH type="full" width="363px" alt="1706628524289.png"]22368[/ATTACH] [CENTER][B]Map 14.2 Map of Vrindavan and Mathura Photo 14.1 Gurdwara Nanak Tila Vrindvan.[/B] [/CENTER] Ftrom Dayalpur Guru Nanak visited Vrindavan. Vrindavan is a historic town of Hindu Vaishanva tradition having a spiritual touch of Lord Krishna and his devotees of all the ages including Chaitanya and Mira Bai. Religious personalities, scholars, researchers, students, tourists often visited the town because of its historic importance. In the begininning of 16th century Guru Nanak started his Udasis (religious tours) to spread the message of God to the mankind. Guru Nanak came to Brindavan and sat on a Tilla, a high mound. What he saw and listened at the place he recorded it in a Pothi, a holy book later known as Guru Granth Sahib. He said: He said:"The Saam Ved says that the Lord Master is clothed in white; In the age of Truth, all desired Truth, remained in Truth and merged with Truth. Rig Ved says that God pervades everywhere; the Name of Lord is most exalted among the deities. Nanak says: by chanting. the Name, sins depart; and the human beings get salvation. In Jajur Veda, Kahn Krishna of the Yaadva tribe forcibly seduced Chandraavali. He brought the Elysian tree to the milkmaid and enjoyed in Vrindaaban. In KalYuga, the dark age, the Atharv Ved rose to prominence; Allah became the name of God. Men began to wear blue dresses and clothes; Turks and Pathans took over. All four Veds claim to be true. There are four lessons to be learnt from reading and studying them. Salvation is attained by loving devotional worship and abiding in humility. Nanak says “I am an offering to the True Guru; Meeting him, I came to like the Lord Master. He taught me and gave me the healing salvation of spiritual wisdom, and with these eyes I see the world. Those merchants who leave their Lord and Master and cling to another will perish. The true Guru is like a boat to cross over, but few are those who understand it. Out of His mercy He transports them across." (SGGS, s. 470). It is said that the mound, where Guru Nanak Dev Ji stayed, was in the possession of the ancestors of Thakur Peetambar Sinh who donated it to the Sikhs. The small Gurdwara on the mound was managed by Singh Sabha committee of Mathura. In 1975 the affairs of the Gurdwara came under the control of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, Sri Amritsar who managed its affairs through a local committee. Now S. Barjinder Singh of Brindavan is taking keen interest in its day-to-day affairs and the present building came into existence by his efforts whose inauguration ceremony was held on 20 September 2015 as per Sikh customs.[14.1} [B]MATHURA:[/B] After visiting Vrindavan, Guru Nanak reached Mathura, another very important religious place where Sri Krishna spent his early life. Mathura is a historical city in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The city was sacked and looted and many of its temples destroyed in 1018 by Mahmud of Ghazni and again by Sikandar Lodhi, who ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1489 to 1517. Mathura was visited by the first, sixth, ninth and (possibly) tenth Sikh gurus. Located 150 km south of Delhi, Mathura is a well-known holy place for Hindus. There are three historic Gurdwaras here, Gudwara Nanak Bagichi is dedicated to Guru Nanak Dev ji and the other two are associated with Guru Tegh Baahdur. [14.2] [B]GURDWARA NANAK BAGICHI, MATHURA[/B] [ATTACH type="full" alt="1706628670118.png"]22369[/ATTACH] [B] Photo 14.2 Gurdwara Nanak Bagichi Mathura [/B] Gudwara Nanak Bagichi (Guru Nanak’s small garden) is situated on the right bank of Yamuna near Masani Railway Station between Mathura and Vrindavan. It is dedicated to Guru Nanak Dev who visited Mathura and Vrindavan during the month long Shravan fair held in the Bikrami month of savan (July-August).Bagichi literally means small garden. As the water of the river Yamuna is muddy and unsuitable for drinking during Sawan, Guru Nanak was told that the place was not suitable for staying. The water in the wells of the area was brackish (unfit for drinking). However, Guru Nanak asked Mardana to fetch water from the nearest well and it was found to be sweet. Guru Nanak established a Piau (drinking water stall) there and himself supplied fresh water to the pilgrims of the city. Guru Nanak is believed to have stayed here for three months. A childless couple Mohan and his wife Sita Bai served him and were blessed with a son. A Gurdwara was constructed here to commemorate Guru Nanak's stay here. This was preserved by the Udasi priests for a long time. In the 1950s it was taken over by the Mathura Singh Sabha and in 1975 it was handed over to Sant Sadhu Singh Muni for reconstruction. It now has a hall with a square vaulted ceiling and a porch in front, in addition to several rooms for staff and pilgrims. A side water tank with taps marks the Piao of Guru Nanak Dev Ji. [14.3] Two more Gurdwaras; Gurdwara Singh Sabha and Gurdwara Gau Ghat commemorate Guru Tegh Bahadur’s visit to the city. A Gurdwara in memory of Guru Hargobind’s visit which earlier was located in the house of a Chaube (Brahman Priest) is no longer traceable. [14.3][14.4] [ATTACH type="full" alt="1706628710929.png"]22370[/ATTACH] [B]14.3 Gurdwara Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib Mathura[/B] Gurdwara Guru Tegh Bahadur, Sri Guru Singh Sabha is located behind Tilak Dwar in the Old City, opposite the General Post Office on Guru Tegh Bahadur Marg. Guru Tegh Bahadur preceded via Mathura to Agra, then an alternate capital of the Mughal emperors. The site then was called Karis Tilla. Guru Tegh Bahadur stayed here for three days. A small modest Gurdwara was constructed and served as a memorial to the guru's visit here. It was maintained by the Udasis until the early 1940s when it came under the control of Mathura Sikhs. A new two-storied building was constructed and the Sikh soldiers of the Mathura garrison contributed generously with money and labour. Since then, buildings have been added and today the Gurdwara is a compact structure with many two-story rooms around a paved courtyard. The first floor has a rectangular entrance hall with verandas to the front and rear, accessed by a wide staircase covered with white marble tiles. Guru Tegh Bahadur Adarsh Vidyalaya, which has classes from Montessori to eighth standard, is also located on site. In August 1977, a museum with images of Sikh history was established in one room. Registered as Sri Guru Singh Sabha, the Gurdwara is managed by a local committee. [B]GURDWARA GAU GHAT SAHIB MATHURA[/B] [ATTACH type="full" alt="1706628743562.png"]22371[/ATTACH] [B]14.4 Gurdwara Gau Ghat Sahib Mathura[/B] Gurdwara Sri Gau Ghat Sahib Mathura is located near the west bank of the river where Guru Tegh Bahadur is said to have taken his morning bath. The Gurdwara is still run by Udasi Sikhs. There was another Gurdwara there. According to Bhai Kahn Singh's Mahan Koshi, this Gurdwara was built to commemorate the visit of Guru Hargobind sahib. It is said to be in the residence of Chaube (a Brahmin), who can no longer be traced. [14.5] [B]AGRA[/B] Agra is famous for the Taj Mahal. It is located 55 kilometers south of Mathura. Fateh Pur Sikri, the former capital of Akbar, is about 200 km from Delhi and 55 km from Mathura. It was the alternate capital of the Mughal emperors from the time of Akbar. Agra became famous during the Mughal period when it became the capital. Also, because of the Mughal glory epitomized by the world-famous Taj Mahal, Agra has become such an important tourist destination. Visitors are also impressed by the grandeur of this fort. The Sikh[I] sangat[/I] was also here because Guru Nanak Dev visited there in the early 16th century. Guru Ramdas is also stated to have visitd the place. Guru Hargobind is said to have passed through this place after leaving Gwalior Fort. The eminent Sikh Scholar Bhai Gurdas is said to have preached Sikhism here for some time. Guru Tegh Bahadur visited it on his journey to the east. He came here again shortly before his arrest and execution in November 1675. It was there that Emperor Bahadur Shah formally received Guru Gobind Singh in court in July 1707. He remained here until he left with Bahadur Shah for Rajputana and thence for the Deccan. There are many historical Gurdwaras in Agra. Two Gurdwaras, Gurdwara Mai Than and Gurdwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib Loha Mandi commemorate Guru Nanak's visit to the place. Two historic shrines, one within the city limits and the other outside, are associated with Guru Tegh Bahadur. [14.6] Guru Gobind Singh is also stated to have visited Agra with Bahadur Shah. [B]GURUDWARA MAI THAN SAHIB, AGRA[/B] [ATTACH type="full" alt="1706628770921.png"]22372[/ATTACH] [B]14.5. Gurdwara Mai Than, Agra[/B] Guru Nanak Dev Ji visited Agra from Mathura. and blessed the country with his visit. At that time, Agra was just a small village. Here lived a beautiful young woman named Jassi, (Mai Sejo accoding to Dhanna Singh Chehal, p101) [14.7] who was like Meeran Bai, totally dedicated and remained in the saintly company of Bairagi sadhus.[1][14.8] She worshipped the idol of Lord Krishna as her husband. She decorated herself, danced before the idol singing. She kept herself busy in worshipping and mesditation but her mind was not at peace. All the time she prayed to the God to have a glimpse of Him. By God’s Grace Guru Nanak reached and stayed in her garden. Hearing Guru Nanak’s arrival and his praises she came to pay obeisance to him. She however, considered herself better than others. Having seen her present Guru Nanak sang a hymn in Tilang Rag (p. 722): O foolish and ignorant soul-bride, why are you so proud? Within the home of your own self, why do you not enjoy the Love of your Lord? Your Husband Lord is so very near, O foolish bride; why do you search for Him outside? Apply the Fear of God as the maascara to adorn your eyes, and make the Love of the Lord your ornament. Then, you shall be known as a devoted and committed soul-bride, when you enshrine love for your Husband Lord. What can the silly young bride do, if she is not pleasing to her Husband Lord? She may plead and implore so many times, but still, such a bride shall not obtain the Mansion of the Lord’s Presence. Without the karma of good deeds, nothing is obtained, although she may run around frantically. She is intoxicated with greed, pride and egotism, and engrossed in Maya. She cannot obtain her Husband Lord in these ways; the young bride is so foolish! Go and ask the happy, pure soul-brides, how did they obtain their Husband Lord? Whatever the Lord does, accept that as good; do away with your own cleverness and self-will. By His Love, true wealth is obtained; link your consciousness to His lotus feet. As your Husband Lord directs, so you must act; surrender your body and mind to Him, and apply this perfume to yourself. So speaks the happy soul-bride, O sister; in this way, the Husband Lord is obtained. Give up your selfhood, and so obtain your Husband Lord; what other clever tricks are of any use? When the Husband Lord looks upon the soul-bride with His Gracious Glance, that day is historic — the bride obtains the nine treasures. She who is loved by her Husband Lord, is the true soul-bride; O Nanak, she is the queen of all. Thus she is imbued with His Love, intoxicated with delight; day and night, she is absorbed in His Love. She is beautiful, glorious and brilliant; she is known as truly wise. (p.722) Having heard the rythmic finely tuned and related to her problem hymn sung by Guru Nanak, she fell on Guru’s feet. She was well versant with ‘sur-taal’ and was keen to meet a true Saint. She got so tuned to the ‘Great God’ that she forgot her own existence. From that day she left idol worship and became earnest devotee of Guruji and started preaching his teaching. Her house became the center of teaching of Sikhism. To provide her further experience Guru Nanak stayed there for ten days. The sangat went on increasing and the place became famous as Mai Than. Mai Jassi was visited by Guru Ramdas, Bhai Gurdas, Guru Hargobind ji and Guru Tegh Bahadur later People requested Guru Tegh Bahadur for availability of pure and clean water, as water of Agra was not fit for drinking. On hearing this Mata Jassi took sangat's plea Guruji laid the foundation of well which was later completed with the help of Sangat. This holy well is still present in the premises of Gurudwara Sahib. Mata Jassi met Guruji second time when Guruji reached Agra for courting arrest on hearing the plea of Kashmiri Pandits. Mata Ji expressed Guruji her fear that as she thought that her last days were near and as she didn't have any heir, her name will have no existance after death. Guruji told her that those who have heirs, there name is carried forward only till two or three generations, but those who have earned devotees and are connected to God, their name last forever. Guruji told here that you have been blessed to meet Guru Nanak Dev Ji and have been true to your relegion all your life. So till the date Guru Nanak Dev Ji's name is followed by the world, you will also be remembered in Sikh History. [14.9] Gurdwara Mai Than commemorates Guru Nanak’s and Guru Tegh Bahadur’s visits. Guru Nanak visited Mai Jassi on 4 [I]Bhadron[/I] [I]Samwat[/I] 1566 and gave the spiritual message.[14.9] Sikh [I]sangat[/I] has been existing since Guru Nanak’s visit. Sikandara commemorates Guru Tegh Bahdur’s visit to the place.[14.10] Gurdwara Mai Than is located in a narrow street near Ghatia Chowk in a ward which is also named Mai Than Mohalla after the Gurdwara. Here was the house of a devoted Sikh lady, Mai Jassi, (Dhanna Singh Chehal writes as Mai Sejo) who had long cherished a desire to see the Guru and present to him a length of cloth made from cotton yarn spun by herself. Guru Tegh Bahadur also visited her at her house shortly before his arrest in 1675 and accepted her offering. It is a three-storey building with the sanctum in a spacious hall on the ground floor, where Guru Granth Sahib is seated in a canopied seat of white marble. Rooms on the upper floors are available to staff and pilgrims for administrative and residential purposes. The Gurdwara is registered as Sri Guru Singh Sabha and is administered by Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Central Board, a registered body. On meeting Guru Ji she asked him the way to meet God and Guru Ji answered her with his holy thoughts. She was so much inspired by Guru Ji's teaching that from the day itself she left idol worship & become earnest Devotee of Guru Ji and started preaching his teachings. Her home become the Centre of teachings of Sikhism, During the period of the third Guru on the instructions of Guru Amardas, Guru Ram Das Ji and Bhai Gurdas Ji, the epitome of Sikhism came here. According to available records, the fourth Guru Sri Ram Das and Bhai Gurdas stayed in Agra when Sri Guru Amar Das assigned them the important task of representing Sikhism at the court of Akbar on Akbar’s bidding. The devoted female disciple of Guru Nanak Mai Jassi invited Guru Ram Das and Bhai Gurdas to her house. Bhai Gurdas preached Sikhism here during his two-year stay at the home of Mata Jassi Ji (Gurudwara Mai Than) and wrote Kavitt and Swaiye. Mai Jassi also got a chance to meet the Sixth Guru, Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji. She lived upto 175 years when she met the Ninth Guru, Sri Tegh Bahadur visited Agra on his way to Patna too. While meeting Guru Ji, Mata Ji expressed her fear because she thought that her last days were near and because she only had no heir, there would be no future of her name. To this Guruji replied that the names of those who have heirs are handed down only for one or two generations, but the name of those who are serious worshippers and attached to God lasts forever. Guru Ji said; You are blessed to meet Guru Nanak Dev Ji. and you have been faithful to your religion all your life, so that until the day the world proclaims Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s name, you will be remembered in Sikh history. Mata Ji then asked Guru ji that the charity done by the heirs reaches their ancestors in heaven after their death, but since I have nothing, won't I get something in heaven? Guru Ji replied that with the teachings of Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji all the work you do will be repaid to you and your home will be known as a holy place on your name. Her house has now become a shrine and is known as Gurdwara Mai Than. Sangat gathers here in laarge numbers. The Gurdwara is located on a narrow street near Ghatia Chowk in a ward also called Mai Than Mohalla after the name of the Gurdwara. Here was the house of the devout Sikh woman, Mai Jassi. She had become quite old some record say of 175 years . After meeting Guru Nanak Dev Ji, Guru Ram Das Ji, Guru Hargobind she now desired to see Guru Tegh Bahadur and to give him a cloth of cotton thread spun by herself. Guru Tegh Bahadur visited her just before his arrest in 1675 and accepted the offer. During Guru tgh bahadur’s stay, he was requested by the Agra dwellers for a well. Guru Tegh Bahadur laid the foundations of a well made through the volunteer service of the devotees. This well exists till date and has sweet and pure drinking water for the devotees thronging to the Gurudwara. [14.11] A Gurdwara by the name Mai Than was constructed to commemorate the visits of the Gurus. It is a three-storied building with a sanctum sanctorum in a spacious hall on the first floor, where the Sri Guru Granth Sahib is established under a white marble canopy. The rooms on the upper floors are available to staff and pilgrims for both administrative and residential purposes. The Gurdwara is registered as Sri Guru Singh Sabha and is managed by Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Central Board, a registered body. Address: City Station Rd, Neel Kanth Mahadev Mohalla, Garhia Azam Khan, Civil Lines, Agra, Uttar Pradesh 282007, Phone: 094122 62900 [14.12] [B]GURUDWARA SHRI DUKHNIWARAN SAHIB, AGRA[/B] [B][ATTACH type="full" alt="1706628816143.png"]22373[/ATTACH][/B] [CENTER][B]14.6 Gurudwara Dukhniwaran Sahib, Agra[/B][/CENTER] Gurudwara Dukhniwaran Sahib, Agra is situated in the Nayabaans, Lohamandi, Old Agra City, Uttar Pradesh. Its situated in the Nayabaans, Lohamandi Agra. Guru Nanak Dev stayed for three days in Anta Ka Bagh during his Udaasi (journey) to the East. He meditated sitting under the Pilu tree located here. Now Nishan Sahib is in the place of the tree. There are foot prints of Guru's feet peserved at this place. The Guru treated the children of a woman here. Because of this, the place was named Gurudwara Dukh Nivaran Sahib. Though the garden is no more but Gurdwara Dukh Niwaran commemorates the event. Guru Ji preached the benefits of Naam Simran (to meditate on God's Name) to the congregation under this Peelu tree (Botanical Name : Salvadoroleoides} . A fair is organized on Holi, in the memory of Peelu Vale Baba, i.e Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji. . It is situated in the Nayabaans, Loha Mandi part of Agra. and can only be reached on foot through narrow alleys. Autos howver can be used o reach this place but not the cars, buses or trucks. [14.13] [B]GURDWARA SRI GURU TEGH BAHADUR, SIKANDRA[/B] [B]Old sources mention the existence of a shrine in a garden outside Agra, marking the spot where Guru Tegh Bahdur offered himself for arrest. This site had become obscure until traced and revived with the construction of the present magnificent Gurdwara near Sikandra, north of Agra by Sant Sadhu Singh Mauni during the 1970s. [14.14] GURDWRA GURU KA TAAL AGRA [ATTACH type="full" alt="1706628881393.png"]22374[/ATTACH] 14.7 Gurdwara Guru Ka Taal Agra[/B] Guru ka Tal is the next most important pilgrimage destinations for the Sikhs in Agra.. It is located close to Sikandra (famous for the Akbar tomb) and is associated with an important episode in the history of Sikhism. This gurudwara was built in memory of Guru Teg Bahadur Ji and is visited by lakhs of devotees every year to pay respects and seek blessings. The spot where the gurudwara stands today is the place where the ninth Guru, Teg Bahadur Ji, offered himself up for arrest to Aurangzeb, the Mughal emperor of India. It is said the Guru Tegh bahadur Ji came to Agra and offered himself voluntarily to the authorities in Agra. A financially hard up Muslim sheep herder met the Guru and prayed for help. The Guru gave him his ring and a shawl for purchasing groceries. These were recognisedby thegrocer whoinformed the police which arrested the Guru. This is how Guru Sahib offered his voluntary arrest to help the destitute. After arrest Guru Sahib was kept in confinement for 9 days at this place. After his confinement at Agra he was taken to Delhi The place where Guru Sahib came initially and rested is the place where now Gurudwara Manji Sahib at Gurudwara Guru Ka Tal stands. Taal meaning a water reservoir constructed during the Jehangir era. Not much of the old construction exists now except a few Chattris.The structure dates back to the 17th century and is originally believed to have been a water reservoir (hence the name taal). According to various historical sources, the water reservoir was built around 1610 AD during the reign of Jahangir to conserve water during the rainy season. However, after the surrender of the Guru, a gurudwara was constructed in its place in his honor. Apart from the Sikhs, it is also visited by tourists in general because of its tranquillity and historical importance. This gurudwara also stands out from the other ones due to its massive size. Gurudwara Guru Ka Taal, shares a similarity with other Mughal-era structures in terms of its overall architecture. The use of red sandstone in its construction also enhances that similarity. The structure originally consisted of twelve towers, out of which only eight have survived to this day. [B][B]ETAWAH[/B][/B] [B][ATTACH type="full" alt="1706628926963.png"]22375[/ATTACH] 14.8 Gurdwara Poorvi Tola, Etawa While going to Kanpur and Lucknow, the Guru passed through Etawah. Etawah (26° 47`N, 78° 58`E), a district town of Uttar Pradesh, 127 km southeast of Agra, has two Udasi Ashrams commemorating the visits of Guru Nanak and Baba Sri Chand. There is a Gurdwara at Etawah, but no memorials at the two places. [14.15] Sikh chronicles have not recorded these visits, but they do mention that Guru Tegh Bahadur while travelling to the east passed through Etawah. He is believed to have stayed at the place where Udasi Ashram exists inside the town. The ashram is now known as Gurdwara Purabi Tola, also referred to locally as Bara Sangat. Located inside the town near the courts and the Kotwali (police station), it is popularly called Bari Sangat (lit. the larger congregation). The form of worship of the Udasi priests who control the Shrine is nearer to Hindu than a Sikh liturgy, but Guru Granth Sahib printed in Devnagri script is seated in a pavilion in one of the numerous courtyards. It is opened in the morning and closed in the same way and with the similar respect as is done in Sikh Gurudwaras. A copy of Guru Granth Sahib in Gurmukhi script is kept wrapped up in a small room nearby, because few priests of the present generation can read it. The Gurdwara is open to outsiders only during the day. Several Sahajdhari Sikhs come to bow before it in the morning and evening everyday. [14.16][14.17][14.18] [B]References Chapter 14[/B][/B] [B]14.1 Surinder Singh Kohli, Janamsakhi Bhai Bala, 1990, p.164-165, SGGS, s. 470. 14.2. Surinder Singh Kohli, Janamsakhi Bhai Bala, 1990, p.164-165 14.3. Op cit p.165 14.4 Gyani Gian Singh, Twareekh Khalsa, Guru 1, Part 1, p.133 4 Bhadron Samvat 1566 Bikrami nu Agre a thahire. Uthon ik Mai Jassi nam jano dooji Meeran bai si, satsang us nun Bairagi faqiran da si. 14.5.https://www.discoversikhism.com/sikh_gurdwaras/gurdwara_sri_guru_nanak_sahib_bagichi.htm 14.6. Tarlochan Singh Dr. Biography Guru Nanak 14.7. Dhanna Singh Chehal, p.101 14.8. Tara Singh, Sri Guru Tirath Sangrahi. Amritsar, n.d. 14.9.Thakar Singh, Giani, Sri Gurduare Darshan. Amritsar, 1923. 14.10. Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, March 2005, Gurdham Didar based on Mahan Kosh of Kahn Singh Nabha, p.248 14.11. Gurmukh Singh, September 1995, Sikh Shrines, Amritsar, Singh Bros, p.315) 14.12.http://www.historicalgurudwaras.com/India/UttarPradesh/Agra/GurudwaraShriMaiThaanSahibAgra/ gallery.php 14.13. [URL="https://www.historicalgurudwaras.com/GurudwaraDetail.aspx?gid=2948"]HistoricalGurudwaras.com, a Journey to Historical Gurudwara Sahibs[/URL] 14.14. [URL="https://www.historicalgurudwaras.com/GurudwaraDetail.aspx?gid=2906"]HistoricalGurudwaras.com, a Journey to Historical Gurudwara Sahibs[/URL] 14.15.Randhir Singh, Udasi Sikhan dii Vithia. Chandigarh, 1972 14.16. [URL="http://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/other-historical-places/india/etawah"]ETAWAH - The Sikh Encyclopedia[/URL] 14. 17 Gurmukh Singh, September 1995, Sikh Shrines, Amritsar, Singh Bros, p.315 14.18. Dr Surinder Singh Kohli, Travels of Guru Nanak, Punjab University, Chandigarh, p.27[/B] Continued [/QUOTE]
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Travels of Guru Nanak: A Brief
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