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Language, Arts & Culture
The Creation Of Gurmukhi Alphabets
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<blockquote data-quote="Chaan Pardesi" data-source="post: 177742" data-attributes="member: 7047"><p>The Creation and Advent of the Gurmukhi Script </p><p> </p><p>by ...Gurcharan Singh</p><p> </p><p>Part two -Gurcharan Singh</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Without producing any further evidence or counter assertions, GB Singh repeatedly says that Gurmukhi, when compared to the other scripts of Punjab, like Shaarda, Shraffi and Taakri have more in common with Dev Nagri than with any of the other scripts. The name Ardh nagri suggests that at least half the alphabets or letters [scripts] would be from Dev Nagri, or similar to the Dev Nagri letters; but the reality is they are not at all. If we accept GB Singh's argument that Gurmukhi originated from the Dev Nagri composition, then many current letters[script] in Gurmukhi would have similarities to Dev Nagri, but again this is not the case. Except for the Gurmukhi letters of ਟ & ਠ there is no other similarity or evidence of the presence of dev Nagri influence in Gurmukhi. GB Singh goes on to say that Taakri alphabets [script]are directly the sister composition of letters [script] as found in Gurmukhi.</p><p> </p><p>It appears that GB Singh is very much plucking the origins of both Taakri and Gurmukhi off a tree and presenting it to the world. But other scholars have very strongly asserted and proved that Taakri resulted and developed from the earlier Shaarda letters. There are many similarities between Taakri and Gurmukhi. Thus, both lipis could not have developed separately in different regions and different periods. It makes more sense to remain associated with the scientifically proven track that Gurmukhi originated from the early Shaarda, then into Taakri before it was refined and made into the Gurmukhi lipi.</p><p> </p><p>It is possible that before the advent of the relatively latter name of Gurmukhi, in the 16th century the Gurmukhi lettering in their earliest form may be called Taakri/Landa, this asserts and proves that Gurmukhi script is the current modern version of the Shaarda script, that was prevalent in the Punjab region until about the 16th century.Shaarda is the mother of Taakri,/Landa and Gurmukhi in it's current form.</p><p> </p><p>Many other sources of such evidence come from the old coins, letters, and historical documents written in that period - shows that the current Gurmukhi script is very much similar and like the ancient Shaarda script.</p><p> </p><p>Sri Udder, a resident of Western Punjab, from Uush, or Uushapuri had a document of appreciation prepared, where one whole line of the script is very much like the ancient Gurmukhi or Shaarda, proves the historical linage of Gurmukhi comes through from Shaarda over period of time.</p><p> </p><p>A Muslim Punjabi scholar Yaazdani, in his book, “Epigraphia Indo Muslimca,” refers to that line as of Shaarda script. Some coins made in Lahore by Mahmud Ghazni, too have similar script that has been referred to as Shaarda, and is again similar to current Gurmukhi in appearance.</p><p> </p><p>To conclude, I assert that the origins of Gurmukhi lipi [script] come from the ancient Shaarda script, that over time became known as the Kotil script and Gupt script, and is related to the Brahmi script of the Northern group of languages and scripts. There is no doubt that the Gurmukhi alphabet [script] on which the vernacular language of the Punjab is written now a days...is a direct descendent of the ancient Shaarda. Some ashkaras like ha, ja, ya, la, va, and ha had a peculiar development, but on the whole the ancient forms have been well preserved, as according to the book “Antiquities of Chamba.” This is further very supported and demonstrated that Gurmukhi was but another name of the variety of later Sharada script that was current on the plains of the Punjab, in the 16th century.</p><p> </p><p>This very much ends the common belief among Sikhs that Guru Angad Ji founded the Gurmukhi script.Guru Ji did not find any new script, HE simply refined and made the existing Landa/Taakri script simpler and easy and flourished it among the people, so that everyone could read and write in a language.It is possible that Guru Nanak Ji wrote HIS pothi in the Gurmukhi parent script Taakri /Landa [script] originally, but as we do NOT have the originals; we cannot establish that.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Gurcharan Singh</p><p>Kota Kamuning</p><p>Kuala Lumpur</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Chaan Pardesi, post: 177742, member: 7047"] The Creation and Advent of the Gurmukhi Script by ...Gurcharan Singh Part two -Gurcharan Singh Without producing any further evidence or counter assertions, GB Singh repeatedly says that Gurmukhi, when compared to the other scripts of Punjab, like Shaarda, Shraffi and Taakri have more in common with Dev Nagri than with any of the other scripts. The name Ardh nagri suggests that at least half the alphabets or letters [scripts] would be from Dev Nagri, or similar to the Dev Nagri letters; but the reality is they are not at all. If we accept GB Singh's argument that Gurmukhi originated from the Dev Nagri composition, then many current letters[script] in Gurmukhi would have similarities to Dev Nagri, but again this is not the case. Except for the Gurmukhi letters of ਟ & ਠ there is no other similarity or evidence of the presence of dev Nagri influence in Gurmukhi. GB Singh goes on to say that Taakri alphabets [script]are directly the sister composition of letters [script] as found in Gurmukhi. It appears that GB Singh is very much plucking the origins of both Taakri and Gurmukhi off a tree and presenting it to the world. But other scholars have very strongly asserted and proved that Taakri resulted and developed from the earlier Shaarda letters. There are many similarities between Taakri and Gurmukhi. Thus, both lipis could not have developed separately in different regions and different periods. It makes more sense to remain associated with the scientifically proven track that Gurmukhi originated from the early Shaarda, then into Taakri before it was refined and made into the Gurmukhi lipi. It is possible that before the advent of the relatively latter name of Gurmukhi, in the 16th century the Gurmukhi lettering in their earliest form may be called Taakri/Landa, this asserts and proves that Gurmukhi script is the current modern version of the Shaarda script, that was prevalent in the Punjab region until about the 16th century.Shaarda is the mother of Taakri,/Landa and Gurmukhi in it's current form. Many other sources of such evidence come from the old coins, letters, and historical documents written in that period - shows that the current Gurmukhi script is very much similar and like the ancient Shaarda script. Sri Udder, a resident of Western Punjab, from Uush, or Uushapuri had a document of appreciation prepared, where one whole line of the script is very much like the ancient Gurmukhi or Shaarda, proves the historical linage of Gurmukhi comes through from Shaarda over period of time. A Muslim Punjabi scholar Yaazdani, in his book, “Epigraphia Indo Muslimca,” refers to that line as of Shaarda script. Some coins made in Lahore by Mahmud Ghazni, too have similar script that has been referred to as Shaarda, and is again similar to current Gurmukhi in appearance. To conclude, I assert that the origins of Gurmukhi lipi [script] come from the ancient Shaarda script, that over time became known as the Kotil script and Gupt script, and is related to the Brahmi script of the Northern group of languages and scripts. There is no doubt that the Gurmukhi alphabet [script] on which the vernacular language of the Punjab is written now a days...is a direct descendent of the ancient Shaarda. Some ashkaras like ha, ja, ya, la, va, and ha had a peculiar development, but on the whole the ancient forms have been well preserved, as according to the book “Antiquities of Chamba.” This is further very supported and demonstrated that Gurmukhi was but another name of the variety of later Sharada script that was current on the plains of the Punjab, in the 16th century. This very much ends the common belief among Sikhs that Guru Angad Ji founded the Gurmukhi script.Guru Ji did not find any new script, HE simply refined and made the existing Landa/Taakri script simpler and easy and flourished it among the people, so that everyone could read and write in a language.It is possible that Guru Nanak Ji wrote HIS pothi in the Gurmukhi parent script Taakri /Landa [script] originally, but as we do NOT have the originals; we cannot establish that. Gurcharan Singh Kota Kamuning Kuala Lumpur [/QUOTE]
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