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Guru Granth Sahib
Composition, Arrangement & Layout
ਜਪੁ | Jup
ਸੋ ਦਰੁ | So Dar
ਸੋਹਿਲਾ | Sohilaa
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
Ashtpadiyan (53-71)
Gurbani (71-74)
Pahre (74-78)
Chhant (78-81)
Vanjara (81-82)
Vaar Siri Raag (83-91)
Bhagat Bani (91-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
Gurbani (94-109)
Ashtpadi (109)
Ashtpadiyan (110-129)
Ashtpadi (129-130)
Ashtpadiyan (130-133)
Bara Maha (133-136)
Din Raen (136-137)
Vaar Maajh Ki (137-150)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
Ashtpadiyan (220-234)
Karhalei (234-235)
Ashtpadiyan (235-242)
Chhant (242-249)
Baavan Akhari (250-262)
Sukhmani (262-296)
Thittee (296-300)
Gauree kii Vaar (300-323)
Gurbani (323-330)
Ashtpadiyan (330-340)
Baavan Akhari (340-343)
Thintteen (343-344)
Vaar Kabir (344-345)
Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
Aasaavaree (409-411)
Ashtpadiyan (411-432)
Patee (432-435)
Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
Bhagat Bani (475-488)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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Hard Talk
How Can We Balance Growing Demand
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<blockquote data-quote="Archived_Member_19" data-source="post: 86167" data-attributes="member: 2850"><p>Brazil's cost of ethnol</p><p> </p><p>This is insight into monoculture and destruction of soil as well as forest cover due to mass scale plantations</p><p> </p><p>Excerpt from "The WTO and the Destructive Effects of the Sugarcane</p><p>Industry in Brazil." February 13, 2006</p><p><a href="http://www.landaction.org/display.php?article=405" target="_blank">Sugarcane Industry in Brazil</a></p><p></p><p>"The sugarcane industry is Brazil?s fastest-growing agribusiness of</p><p>2005. Its expansion has brought with it serious consequences for the</p><p>country, such as environmental destruction, removal of agricultural</p><p>workers from their land and frequent workers? rights violations.</p><p>Sugarcane plant supervisors demand that each worker cut, on average,</p><p>twelve to fifteen tons of sugarcane per day. Between January 2004 and</p><p>September 2005, the Migrants? Pastoral registered eight workers?</p><p>deaths due to an excess of work in the cane fields of the Ribeir o</p><p>Preto region alone."</p><p></p><p>..</p><p></p><p>"According to the University of S o Paulo professor, Ariovaldo</p><p>Umbelino, of the total jobs generated in the Brazilian countryside,</p><p>87.3% are in the small units of production, 10.2% are in medium-sized,</p><p>and only 2.5% are in the large units. This study also demonstrates</p><p>that the small and medium-sized rural properties are responsible for</p><p>the majority of food production. Despite these data, the government</p><p>has prioritized an agricultural policy that principally favors large</p><p>businesses. In 2004, 10 transnational corporations received close to</p><p>$4.5 billion reais from Banco do Brasil. This amount is larger than</p><p>all of the credit given to small farmers through PRONAF (National</p><p>Program for the Strengthening of Family Agriculture). In total, the</p><p>government disposed of R$37 billion reais in credit for large</p><p>landowners."</p><p></p><p>...</p><p></p><p>After Australia, Brazil has the lowest cost of production of sugar in</p><p>the world because it exploits workers. In the state of S o Paulo, the</p><p>cost of production is $165 dollars per ton. In the European Union the</p><p>cost is $700 dollars per ton. "The sugarcane complex is one of the</p><p>most important agroindustrial complexes of Brazil; it has very</p><p>competitive products in the international market thanks to low costs</p><p>of production, which are associated with low salaries paid to</p><p>workers", explains professor Francisco Alves, from the Federal</p><p>University of S o Carlos."</p><p></p><p></p><p>Continue reading entire article...Migration, Slave Work and Violations</p><p>of Workers? Rights...</p><p><a href="http://www.landaction.org/display.php?article=405" target="_blank">Sugarcane Industry in Brazil</a></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT</p><p>=====================</p><p></p><p></p><p>From Bioenergy and the Rise of Sugarcane-Based Ethanol in Brazil</p><p>by Joao Martines-Filho, Heloisa L. Burnquist, and Carlos E.F. Vian</p><p><a href="http://www.choicesmagazine.org/2006-2/tilling/2006-2-10.htm" target="_blank">Choices Article - Bioenergy and the Rise of Sugarcane-Based Ethanol in Brazil</a></p><p></p><p></p><p>"One of the most harmful environmental effects from sugarcane</p><p>production is the burning of fields to facilitate manual harvesting.</p><p>Burning is conducted prior to harvesting to eliminate pests and remove</p><p>weeds. This makes movement through the field safer and easier, but</p><p>produces significant quantities of greenhouse gases, ash, and other</p><p>airborne particulates. Absolute elimination of burning has proven</p><p>difficult so a schedule was established to gradually reduce the</p><p>burning over the next 20 years in Sao Paulo, the largest production</p><p>region. In 2000, additional steps were taken to eliminate burning and</p><p>shift practices over to mechanized harvesting (Law no. 10.547, March</p><p>5, 2000). The new law specifically established where burning was</p><p>prohibited and mechanization in turn would be used; about 55% of</p><p>production. It also established rules where burning would be allowed;</p><p>45% of production. Burning is still permitted where the ground is</p><p>sloped 12% or more, making mechanized harvesting impossible; or where</p><p>small landholders were involved and had no other means of harvesting."</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Archived_Member_19, post: 86167, member: 2850"] Brazil's cost of ethnol This is insight into monoculture and destruction of soil as well as forest cover due to mass scale plantations Excerpt from "The WTO and the Destructive Effects of the Sugarcane Industry in Brazil." February 13, 2006 [url=http://www.landaction.org/display.php?article=405]Sugarcane Industry in Brazil[/url] "The sugarcane industry is Brazil?s fastest-growing agribusiness of 2005. Its expansion has brought with it serious consequences for the country, such as environmental destruction, removal of agricultural workers from their land and frequent workers? rights violations. Sugarcane plant supervisors demand that each worker cut, on average, twelve to fifteen tons of sugarcane per day. Between January 2004 and September 2005, the Migrants? Pastoral registered eight workers? deaths due to an excess of work in the cane fields of the Ribeir o Preto region alone." .. "According to the University of S o Paulo professor, Ariovaldo Umbelino, of the total jobs generated in the Brazilian countryside, 87.3% are in the small units of production, 10.2% are in medium-sized, and only 2.5% are in the large units. This study also demonstrates that the small and medium-sized rural properties are responsible for the majority of food production. Despite these data, the government has prioritized an agricultural policy that principally favors large businesses. In 2004, 10 transnational corporations received close to $4.5 billion reais from Banco do Brasil. This amount is larger than all of the credit given to small farmers through PRONAF (National Program for the Strengthening of Family Agriculture). In total, the government disposed of R$37 billion reais in credit for large landowners." ... After Australia, Brazil has the lowest cost of production of sugar in the world because it exploits workers. In the state of S o Paulo, the cost of production is $165 dollars per ton. In the European Union the cost is $700 dollars per ton. "The sugarcane complex is one of the most important agroindustrial complexes of Brazil; it has very competitive products in the international market thanks to low costs of production, which are associated with low salaries paid to workers", explains professor Francisco Alves, from the Federal University of S o Carlos." Continue reading entire article...Migration, Slave Work and Violations of Workers? Rights... [url=http://www.landaction.org/display.php?article=405]Sugarcane Industry in Brazil[/url] ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ===================== From Bioenergy and the Rise of Sugarcane-Based Ethanol in Brazil by Joao Martines-Filho, Heloisa L. Burnquist, and Carlos E.F. Vian [url=http://www.choicesmagazine.org/2006-2/tilling/2006-2-10.htm]Choices Article - Bioenergy and the Rise of Sugarcane-Based Ethanol in Brazil[/url] "One of the most harmful environmental effects from sugarcane production is the burning of fields to facilitate manual harvesting. Burning is conducted prior to harvesting to eliminate pests and remove weeds. This makes movement through the field safer and easier, but produces significant quantities of greenhouse gases, ash, and other airborne particulates. Absolute elimination of burning has proven difficult so a schedule was established to gradually reduce the burning over the next 20 years in Sao Paulo, the largest production region. In 2000, additional steps were taken to eliminate burning and shift practices over to mechanized harvesting (Law no. 10.547, March 5, 2000). The new law specifically established where burning was prohibited and mechanization in turn would be used; about 55% of production. It also established rules where burning would be allowed; 45% of production. Burning is still permitted where the ground is sloped 12% or more, making mechanized harvesting impossible; or where small landholders were involved and had no other means of harvesting." [/QUOTE]
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How Can We Balance Growing Demand
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