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Gurbani (527-536)
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Gurbani (660-685)
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Gurbani (696-703)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
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Gurbani (721-727)
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Gurbani (728-750)
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Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
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Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
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Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
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ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
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Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
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Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
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Gurbani (1254-1293)
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Gurbani (1294-96)
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Gurbani (1352-53)
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Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
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ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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Creation Of The Universe As Expounded In Guru Nanak's Hymns (Part-II)
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<blockquote data-quote="Dr. D. P. Singh" data-source="post: 93790" data-attributes="member: 2479"><p><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Creation of the Universe</span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">as Expounded in Guru Nanak’s Hymns </span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(Part-II)</span></strong></p><p><strong><em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Dr. D. P. Singh*</span></em></strong></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px"><strong>Vastness of Universe: </strong>The Sun, the Earth, the Moon, the stars, the satellites and the galaxies etc. form our universe. A wreath like arch of stars, stretching across the sky is the Milky Way. It is a part of our galaxy, which is an enormous system of clouds of glowing gas and 100 billion stars. Our universe contains about 100 billion</span> <span style="font-size: 12px">galaxies. Our universe is vast. No one knows whether the universe is finite or infinite in size. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px">The observable universe is a few tens of billions of light years across. A light year is a distance traveled by light in one year, at the speed of 300,000 kilometers per second. It is equal to 9460 billion</span><span style="font-size: 12px"> kilometers. The bright, unusual objects called quasars are the most distant objects in the universe found to date. Quasars may be as far as 16 billion light years from the earth. Even with all the latest scientific paraphernalia of radio telescopes, X-rays, observatories and space technology, our scientists are unable to find the edge of the universe. So until now, scientists could not find the limits of the creation.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">There have been speculations about the extent of universe by religious persons as well. Christianity and Islam talk of fourteen regions, seven upper and seven nether. Hinduism believes in fourteen lokas or planes; the seven upper (Bhurloka, Bhuvarloka, Swarloka, Maharloka, Janaloka, Tapaloka and Satyaloka) and the seven nether (Atala, Vitala, Nitala, Gabhastimat, Mahatala, Sutala and Patala). Sometimes it talks of three regions known as Triloka viz. Heaven, Earth and the Netherworld. The earth has been further divided into nine regions known as Nav-Khand. Though in Sri Guru Granth Sahib there is a mention of nine continents, Triloka, 14 Lokas and four Khanis (meaning different ways of being born). But all these are just examples not convictions.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Guru Nanak in his ‘Jap(u) Ji’ (Santanza 22) talks of lakhs (million) of upper and nether regions. </span></span></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">There are nether worlds beneath nether worlds, and hundreds of thousands of heavenly worlds above.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The Vedas say that you can search and search for them all, until you grow weary.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Thousands scholars, 18 Puranas and Semetic books, also establish the same One principle.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">If He could be accounted one would write, The writers finish but not His narration.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Nanak call Him “The Greatest”, He alone knows, all by Himself. </span></span></span></em></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">i.e. There are lakhs of nether worlds and skies. The ends were explored, the Vedas declare, but in vain. The Hindu and Muslim scriptures say the source is only One (The Creator). The creation is unaccountable. Whosoever takes account perishes. Only the creator knows the extent of his creation, says Nanak. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">In 24th Santanza of ‘Jap(u) Ji’ Guru Nanak talks of an immeasurable expanse in the sense of ‘Neti, Neti’</span></span></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The limits of the created universe cannot be perceived.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Its limits here and beyond cannot be perceived.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Many struggle to know His limits,</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">but His limits cannot be found.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">No one can know these limits.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The more you say about them, the more there still remains to be said. </span></span></span></em></p><p> </p><p style="text-align: right"><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(SGGS, Jap(u) Ji, Page 5)</span></span></span></em></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">i.e. There is no limit of the created material world. There is no limit and no end. Several people wander for the knowledge of its limits. None can know this limit. The more we think of it, the more it goes ****her.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Guru Nanak in his verses of <em>Jap(u) Ji</em> (Santanza 34) describe our earth as Dharam Khand (the region to do the noble things as per His command) and elaborates about the natural phenomenon that occur on it.</span></span></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Nights, days, weeks and seasons;</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">wind, water, fire and the nether regions</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">in the midst of these, He established the earth as a home for Dharma.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Upon it, He placed the various species of beings.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Their names are uncounted and endless.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">By their deeds and their actions, they shall be judged.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">God Himself is True, and True is His Court.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">There, in perfect grace and ease, sit the self-elect, the self-realized Saints.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">They receive the Mark of Grace from the Merciful Lord.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The ripe and the unripe, the good and the bad, shall there be judged.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">O Nanak, when you go home, you will see this. ||34|| </span></span></span></em></p><p style="text-align: right"><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(SGGS, Jap(u) Ji, Page 7)</span></span></span></em></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">In this bani, Guru Nanak while describing ‘Gian Khand,’ tells us:</span></span></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">So many winds, waters and fires; so many Krishnas and Shivas.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">So many Brahmas, fashioning forms of great beauty, adorned and dressed in many colours.</span></span></span></em></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Thus in the 35th Santanza of ‘Japu ji’ infinite nature of the creation becomes very obvious. Guru Nanak says: There are many airs, waters and fires, many Kaahans and many Maheshas. There are many Brahmas shaping forms of many colours and beauties. There are many earths and mountains for us to act. There are countless Dhrus, and their teachings. There are many Indras, Moons and Suns. Countless are the galaxies and the worlds.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Even scientific theories have not yet found the limits of the universe. Up to now, scientists have unrevalled only a very small portion of the universe. The vastness of the explored (yet only a small) portion of the universe can be understood from the fact that even if we use the speed of light at 300 km/s, to look at all the corners of the explored universe, it will take more than 16 billion years to cover this vastness.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">In the holy SGGS, Guru Nanak has written about the extensive nature of the creation present inside the universe as :</span></span></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">There are countless worlds and nether regions; I cannot calculate their number.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">You are the Creator, the Lord of the Universe; You create it, and You destroy it.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The 8.4 million species of beings issued forth from You. (SGGS, Page 1283)</span></span></span></em></p><p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-size: 12px">He does not stop there. In 37</span>t <span style="font-size: 12px">Santanza of Jap(u) Ji Guru Nanak talks about the abode of the creator and tells us about numerous universes…</span></span></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">In the realm of Truth, the Formless Lord abides.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Having created the creation, He watches over it. By His Glance of Grace, He bestows happiness.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">There are planets, solar systems and galaxies.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">If one speaks of them, there is no limit, no end.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">There are worlds upon worlds of His Creation.</span></span></span></em></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Thus Guru Nanak points out that there are spheres, universes and galaxies. If one attempts to describe, there is no limit. There are worlds beyond worlds, creations beyond creations. Whatsoever is ordained, by the Creator happens there accordingly.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Even the present day scientists are talking about the possible existence of other universes. Such a mention is already there in several books of astronomy. It is obvious from the above discussion that the ideas of Guru Nanak (a sixteenth century mystic) are in fitness of the things of modern science.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong>ORIGIN OF LIFE</strong></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Philosophers and scientists have long attempted to learn how, when and where life originated, and the way in which the original life gave rise to the different kinds of animals and plants found in the world. Before the end of the 17th century, both scientists and philosophers held it that life originated spontaneously from non-living materials. Until the middle of the nineteenth century, life was generally thought to be created by some supernatural power, the Creator or God, out of nothing. According to Christian belief, God created the universe, plants, animals and human beings in six natural days. According to Hindu mythology, the creator created all the various kinds of plants and animals simultaneously. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">According to modern science, about 10 billions years ago the ‘Big Bang’ occurred. About 5 billion years ago swirling clouds of cosmic dust began to condense. Our earth was extremely hot when it came into existence. There was a great volcanic activity on land and sun gave intense heat. The release of gases, from the womb of earth, lead to the formation of gaseous envelope (containing water vapours) around it. With time clouds took their shape. Then it rained on earth for several hundred years. The rainwater flooded the earth and cooled it. In the shallower parts of the earth water took the form of seas. Life, in the form of unicellular animals (e.g. Amoeba & Protozoa) is thought to have originated in the seawater. From seawater, many organisms later invaded fresh waters and land. The present complex animals and plants have been produced in the course of ages by a process of gradual change in the earlier simpler forms of life. Darwin’s theory of natural selection is today recognized as the main factor in the evolution of animal and plant life.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Guru Nanak in his hymn of <em>‘Siri Rag’</em> says; </span></span></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">From the True Lord came the air, and from the air came water.</span></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">From water, He created the three worlds; in each and every heart He has infused His Light. (SGGS, Page 19)</span></span></span></em></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">i.e. From the ultimate reality, air (mixture of gases) was produced. From the air, water came into being. Then from water the whole world of living beings came into existence. These ideas of Guru Nanak are in good agreement with the central theme of the prevalent scientific ideas about the origin of life on earth. It is important to note that the above scientific ideas became prevalent since the second half of the eighteenth century, whereas Guru Nanak had composed his hymn in early sixteenth century.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Similarly, in His hymns Guru Nanak describes about invaluable treasures of ‘Nature’ and their abundance and diversity. These natural treasures comprise of unlimited types of vegetation, animals and natural resources. Their magnificence, variety and vastness are also described. The different languages spoken by different people and animals are also mentioned.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Scientists believe that on our earth there exist a variety of creatures/forms. They have wide variety of colours and species. Based on rigorous data, a modern day estimate is that there are about 10-30 million types of vegetation and animals present on our earth. But we have the exact details of about 1.4 million of them till date.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">In Gurbani there is a mention of 8.4 million creatures. </span></span></p><p><em><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The 8.4 million species of beings issued forth from You. (SGGS: 1283)</span></span></span></em></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Bhagat Naam Dev in his hymns, which have been enshrined in Sri Guru Granth Sahib, tells us that 4.2 million creatures live on land and the rest 4.2 million live their life in the water.</span></span></p><p> </p><p style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong>EARTH’S SUPPORT IN SPACE</strong></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Since the ancient times, people were curious to know the secret of earth’s support in space. There have been several different stories in vogue from time to time. Ancient Indian believed that the world is resting on an enormous turtle floating in a huge sea of milk. Four elephants stand on the turtle’s back. With their trunks raised in the air, the elephants face the four corners of the world, holding the flat, round earth on their mighty backs.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">According to a tale described by David Evesevich, a mythical Russian scholar, in ‘The Deep Book’, the earth rests on the backs of three enormous whales, swimming in an ocean. Every thing remains alright while they were asleep, but as soon as they woke up and started moving, an earthquake begins.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Another ancient story is that the earth rests on the horns of a mythical bull. The bull is standing on the hood of a giant snake ‘Sheshnag’. The Sheshnag is sitting on the back of a huge turtle. When the mythical bull changes the position of the earth from one horn to the other, earthquakes occur.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Guru Nanak, with his scientific attitude, tried to find out the cause and the rational justification of the event objectively. He attempted to explain the cause-effect relationship about the earth’s support in space. He wrote in ‘Japu Ji’:</span></span></p><p><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‘Dhaul dharam dia ka poot. Santokh thaap rakhia jin soot.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The mythical bull is righteousness, the off spring of mercy. Which keeps the earth balanced with the thread of patience.</span></span></p><p><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Je ko bujhai hovai sachiar. Dhavalai upar keta bhaar.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">If one learns this, realizes the truth, How much is the load on that bull.</span></span></p><p><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Dharti hor parai hor hor. Tis te bhaar talai kavan jor’.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">There is earth beyond the earth, more and more. It holds up the weight; who supports it beneath.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">i.e. The creator’s law <em>(hukam)</em> is the mythical bull to provide support to the whole creation. Proper observance of the laws leads to suitable order of the things. If one learns this, one realises the truth.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Otherwise just think of it that how much is the load on that (mythical) bull. How can a poor bull support such a huge load? Also, if the bull is supporting the earth in space then it needs the support of something to stand on. This implies that there is earth under its feet. So under this earth again there will be a bull and so on. What will be the support for the last bull to stand on? </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">It is obvious that the natural laws set by the Creator are providing support to the earth in space. Guru Nanak has described these laws as <em>hukam</em> or will of the Creator. Talking about the effectiveness of the law or <em>hukam</em>, he says; </span></span></p><p><span style="color: fuchsia"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Hukam-e aandar sabh ko, bahir hukam na ko-e.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">All are subject to His supreme Will, Nothing is outside the sphere of His Will.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Thus Nanak says that every thing is happening according to the Will (Natural laws) of the Creator.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Even the scientists talk about the existence of natural laws (e.g. the law of gravitation etc) to providesupport to the earth in space. It is obvious that Guru Nanak’s viewpoint about the earth’s support in space was definitely different from the contemporary prevalent concepts. Secondly, his ideas appear to be in tune with the scientifically correct viewpoints. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(Concluded)</span></span></p><p></p><p> </p><p><em><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">* Dr. D. P. Singh M.Sc., Ph.D., P.E.S.1 is a senior faculty member at Govt. College, Dera Bassi-140507, Dist. Patiala, Punjab. </span></em></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Dr. D. P. Singh, post: 93790, member: 2479"] [COLOR=windowtext][B][FONT=Times New Roman]Creation of the Universe[/FONT][/B][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][B][FONT=Times New Roman]as Expounded in Guru Nanak’s Hymns [/FONT][/B][/COLOR] [B][FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=windowtext](Part-II)[/COLOR][/FONT][/B] [B][I][FONT=Times New Roman]Dr. D. P. Singh*[/FONT][/I][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3][B]Vastness of Universe: [/B]The Sun, the Earth, the Moon, the stars, the satellites and the galaxies etc. form our universe. A wreath like arch of stars, stretching across the sky is the Milky Way. It is a part of our galaxy, which is an enormous system of clouds of glowing gas and 100 billion stars. Our universe contains about 100 billion[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]galaxies. Our universe is vast. No one knows whether the universe is finite or infinite in size. [/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]The observable universe is a few tens of billions of light years across. A light year is a distance traveled by light in one year, at the speed of 300,000 kilometers per second. It is equal to 9460 billion[/SIZE][COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3] kilometers. The bright, unusual objects called quasars are the most distant objects in the universe found to date. Quasars may be as far as 16 billion light years from the earth. Even with all the latest scientific paraphernalia of radio telescopes, X-rays, observatories and space technology, our scientists are unable to find the edge of the universe. So until now, scientists could not find the limits of the creation.[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]There have been speculations about the extent of universe by religious persons as well. Christianity and Islam talk of fourteen regions, seven upper and seven nether. Hinduism believes in fourteen lokas or planes; the seven upper (Bhurloka, Bhuvarloka, Swarloka, Maharloka, Janaloka, Tapaloka and Satyaloka) and the seven nether (Atala, Vitala, Nitala, Gabhastimat, Mahatala, Sutala and Patala). Sometimes it talks of three regions known as Triloka viz. Heaven, Earth and the Netherworld. The earth has been further divided into nine regions known as Nav-Khand. Though in Sri Guru Granth Sahib there is a mention of nine continents, Triloka, 14 Lokas and four Khanis (meaning different ways of being born). But all these are just examples not convictions.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Guru Nanak in his ‘Jap(u) Ji’ (Santanza 22) talks of lakhs (million) of upper and nether regions. [/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]There are nether worlds beneath nether worlds, and hundreds of thousands of heavenly worlds above.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]The Vedas say that you can search and search for them all, until you grow weary.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Thousands scholars, 18 Puranas and Semetic books, also establish the same One principle.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]If He could be accounted one would write, The writers finish but not His narration.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Nanak call Him “The Greatest”, He alone knows, all by Himself. [/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]i.e. There are lakhs of nether worlds and skies. The ends were explored, the Vedas declare, but in vain. The Hindu and Muslim scriptures say the source is only One (The Creator). The creation is unaccountable. Whosoever takes account perishes. Only the creator knows the extent of his creation, says Nanak. [/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]In 24th Santanza of ‘Jap(u) Ji’ Guru Nanak talks of an immeasurable expanse in the sense of ‘Neti, Neti’[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]The limits of the created universe cannot be perceived.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Its limits here and beyond cannot be perceived.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Many struggle to know His limits,[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]but His limits cannot be found.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]No one can know these limits.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]The more you say about them, the more there still remains to be said. [/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [RIGHT][I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman](SGGS, Jap(u) Ji, Page 5)[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I][/RIGHT] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]i.e. There is no limit of the created material world. There is no limit and no end. Several people wander for the knowledge of its limits. None can know this limit. The more we think of it, the more it goes ****her.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Guru Nanak in his verses of [I]Jap(u) Ji[/I] (Santanza 34) describe our earth as Dharam Khand (the region to do the noble things as per His command) and elaborates about the natural phenomenon that occur on it.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Nights, days, weeks and seasons;[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]wind, water, fire and the nether regions[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]in the midst of these, He established the earth as a home for Dharma.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Upon it, He placed the various species of beings.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Their names are uncounted and endless.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]By their deeds and their actions, they shall be judged.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]God Himself is True, and True is His Court.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]There, in perfect grace and ease, sit the self-elect, the self-realized Saints.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]They receive the Mark of Grace from the Merciful Lord.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]The ripe and the unripe, the good and the bad, shall there be judged.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]O Nanak, when you go home, you will see this. ||34|| [/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [RIGHT][I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman](SGGS, Jap(u) Ji, Page 7)[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I][/RIGHT] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]In this bani, Guru Nanak while describing ‘Gian Khand,’ tells us:[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]So many winds, waters and fires; so many Krishnas and Shivas.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]So many Brahmas, fashioning forms of great beauty, adorned and dressed in many colours.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Thus in the 35th Santanza of ‘Japu ji’ infinite nature of the creation becomes very obvious. Guru Nanak says: There are many airs, waters and fires, many Kaahans and many Maheshas. There are many Brahmas shaping forms of many colours and beauties. There are many earths and mountains for us to act. There are countless Dhrus, and their teachings. There are many Indras, Moons and Suns. Countless are the galaxies and the worlds.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Even scientific theories have not yet found the limits of the universe. Up to now, scientists have unrevalled only a very small portion of the universe. The vastness of the explored (yet only a small) portion of the universe can be understood from the fact that even if we use the speed of light at 300 km/s, to look at all the corners of the explored universe, it will take more than 16 billion years to cover this vastness.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]In the holy SGGS, Guru Nanak has written about the extensive nature of the creation present inside the universe as :[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]There are countless worlds and nether regions; I cannot calculate their number.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]You are the Creator, the Lord of the Universe; You create it, and You destroy it.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]The 8.4 million species of beings issued forth from You. (SGGS, Page 1283)[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [FONT=Times New Roman][COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3]He does not stop there. In 37[/SIZE][/COLOR][COLOR=windowtext]t [/COLOR][COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3]Santanza of Jap(u) Ji Guru Nanak talks about the abode of the creator and tells us about numerous universes…[/SIZE][/COLOR][/FONT] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]In the realm of Truth, the Formless Lord abides.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Having created the creation, He watches over it. By His Glance of Grace, He bestows happiness.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]There are planets, solar systems and galaxies.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]If one speaks of them, there is no limit, no end.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]There are worlds upon worlds of His Creation.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Thus Guru Nanak points out that there are spheres, universes and galaxies. If one attempts to describe, there is no limit. There are worlds beyond worlds, creations beyond creations. Whatsoever is ordained, by the Creator happens there accordingly.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Even the present day scientists are talking about the possible existence of other universes. Such a mention is already there in several books of astronomy. It is obvious from the above discussion that the ideas of Guru Nanak (a sixteenth century mystic) are in fitness of the things of modern science.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=windowtext]ORIGIN OF LIFE[/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Philosophers and scientists have long attempted to learn how, when and where life originated, and the way in which the original life gave rise to the different kinds of animals and plants found in the world. Before the end of the 17th century, both scientists and philosophers held it that life originated spontaneously from non-living materials. Until the middle of the nineteenth century, life was generally thought to be created by some supernatural power, the Creator or God, out of nothing. According to Christian belief, God created the universe, plants, animals and human beings in six natural days. According to Hindu mythology, the creator created all the various kinds of plants and animals simultaneously. [/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]According to modern science, about 10 billions years ago the ‘Big Bang’ occurred. About 5 billion years ago swirling clouds of cosmic dust began to condense. Our earth was extremely hot when it came into existence. There was a great volcanic activity on land and sun gave intense heat. The release of gases, from the womb of earth, lead to the formation of gaseous envelope (containing water vapours) around it. With time clouds took their shape. Then it rained on earth for several hundred years. The rainwater flooded the earth and cooled it. In the shallower parts of the earth water took the form of seas. Life, in the form of unicellular animals (e.g. Amoeba & Protozoa) is thought to have originated in the seawater. From seawater, many organisms later invaded fresh waters and land. The present complex animals and plants have been produced in the course of ages by a process of gradual change in the earlier simpler forms of life. Darwin’s theory of natural selection is today recognized as the main factor in the evolution of animal and plant life.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Guru Nanak in his hymn of [I]‘Siri Rag’[/I] says; [/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]From the True Lord came the air, and from the air came water.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]From water, He created the three worlds; in each and every heart He has infused His Light. (SGGS, Page 19)[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]i.e. From the ultimate reality, air (mixture of gases) was produced. From the air, water came into being. Then from water the whole world of living beings came into existence. These ideas of Guru Nanak are in good agreement with the central theme of the prevalent scientific ideas about the origin of life on earth. It is important to note that the above scientific ideas became prevalent since the second half of the eighteenth century, whereas Guru Nanak had composed his hymn in early sixteenth century.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Similarly, in His hymns Guru Nanak describes about invaluable treasures of ‘Nature’ and their abundance and diversity. These natural treasures comprise of unlimited types of vegetation, animals and natural resources. Their magnificence, variety and vastness are also described. The different languages spoken by different people and animals are also mentioned.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Scientists believe that on our earth there exist a variety of creatures/forms. They have wide variety of colours and species. Based on rigorous data, a modern day estimate is that there are about 10-30 million types of vegetation and animals present on our earth. But we have the exact details of about 1.4 million of them till date.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]In Gurbani there is a mention of 8.4 million creatures. [/FONT][/SIZE] [I][COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]The 8.4 million species of beings issued forth from You. (SGGS: 1283)[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/I] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Bhagat Naam Dev in his hymns, which have been enshrined in Sri Guru Granth Sahib, tells us that 4.2 million creatures live on land and the rest 4.2 million live their life in the water.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [LEFT][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=windowtext]EARTH’S SUPPORT IN SPACE[/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE][/LEFT] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Since the ancient times, people were curious to know the secret of earth’s support in space. There have been several different stories in vogue from time to time. Ancient Indian believed that the world is resting on an enormous turtle floating in a huge sea of milk. Four elephants stand on the turtle’s back. With their trunks raised in the air, the elephants face the four corners of the world, holding the flat, round earth on their mighty backs.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]According to a tale described by David Evesevich, a mythical Russian scholar, in ‘The Deep Book’, the earth rests on the backs of three enormous whales, swimming in an ocean. Every thing remains alright while they were asleep, but as soon as they woke up and started moving, an earthquake begins.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Another ancient story is that the earth rests on the horns of a mythical bull. The bull is standing on the hood of a giant snake ‘Sheshnag’. The Sheshnag is sitting on the back of a huge turtle. When the mythical bull changes the position of the earth from one horn to the other, earthquakes occur.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Guru Nanak, with his scientific attitude, tried to find out the cause and the rational justification of the event objectively. He attempted to explain the cause-effect relationship about the earth’s support in space. He wrote in ‘Japu Ji’:[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]‘Dhaul dharam dia ka poot. Santokh thaap rakhia jin soot.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]The mythical bull is righteousness, the off spring of mercy. Which keeps the earth balanced with the thread of patience.[/FONT][/SIZE] [COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Je ko bujhai hovai sachiar. Dhavalai upar keta bhaar.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]If one learns this, realizes the truth, How much is the load on that bull.[/FONT][/SIZE] [COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Dharti hor parai hor hor. Tis te bhaar talai kavan jor’.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]There is earth beyond the earth, more and more. It holds up the weight; who supports it beneath.[/FONT][/SIZE] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]i.e. The creator’s law [I](hukam)[/I] is the mythical bull to provide support to the whole creation. Proper observance of the laws leads to suitable order of the things. If one learns this, one realises the truth.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Otherwise just think of it that how much is the load on that (mythical) bull. How can a poor bull support such a huge load? Also, if the bull is supporting the earth in space then it needs the support of something to stand on. This implies that there is earth under its feet. So under this earth again there will be a bull and so on. What will be the support for the last bull to stand on? [/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]It is obvious that the natural laws set by the Creator are providing support to the earth in space. Guru Nanak has described these laws as [I]hukam[/I] or will of the Creator. Talking about the effectiveness of the law or [I]hukam[/I], he says; [/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=fuchsia][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Hukam-e aandar sabh ko, bahir hukam na ko-e.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]All are subject to His supreme Will, Nothing is outside the sphere of His Will.[/FONT][/SIZE] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Thus Nanak says that every thing is happening according to the Will (Natural laws) of the Creator.[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Even the scientists talk about the existence of natural laws (e.g. the law of gravitation etc) to providesupport to the earth in space. It is obvious that Guru Nanak’s viewpoint about the earth’s support in space was definitely different from the contemporary prevalent concepts. Secondly, his ideas appear to be in tune with the scientifically correct viewpoints. [/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR] [RIGHT][COLOR=windowtext][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman](Concluded)[/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/RIGHT] [I][FONT=Times New Roman]* Dr. D. P. Singh M.Sc., Ph.D., P.E.S.1 is a senior faculty member at Govt. College, Dera Bassi-140507, Dist. Patiala, Punjab. [/FONT][/I] [/QUOTE]
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