☀️ JOIN SPN MOBILE
Forums
New posts
Guru Granth Sahib
Composition, Arrangement & Layout
ਜਪੁ | Jup
ਸੋ ਦਰੁ | So Dar
ਸੋਹਿਲਾ | Sohilaa
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
Ashtpadiyan (53-71)
Gurbani (71-74)
Pahre (74-78)
Chhant (78-81)
Vanjara (81-82)
Vaar Siri Raag (83-91)
Bhagat Bani (91-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
Gurbani (94-109)
Ashtpadi (109)
Ashtpadiyan (110-129)
Ashtpadi (129-130)
Ashtpadiyan (130-133)
Bara Maha (133-136)
Din Raen (136-137)
Vaar Maajh Ki (137-150)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
Ashtpadiyan (220-234)
Karhalei (234-235)
Ashtpadiyan (235-242)
Chhant (242-249)
Baavan Akhari (250-262)
Sukhmani (262-296)
Thittee (296-300)
Gauree kii Vaar (300-323)
Gurbani (323-330)
Ashtpadiyan (330-340)
Baavan Akhari (340-343)
Thintteen (343-344)
Vaar Kabir (344-345)
Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
Aasaavaree (409-411)
Ashtpadiyan (411-432)
Patee (432-435)
Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
Bhagat Bani (475-488)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
What's new
New posts
New media
New media comments
New resources
Latest activity
Videos
New media
New comments
Library
Latest reviews
Donate
Log in
Register
What's new
New posts
Menu
Log in
Register
Install the app
Install
Welcome to all New Sikh Philosophy Network Forums!
Explore Sikh Sikhi Sikhism...
Sign up
Log in
Discussions
Sikh History & Heritage
Akhand Kirtani Jatha
JavaScript is disabled. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding.
You are using an out of date browser. It may not display this or other websites correctly.
You should upgrade or use an
alternative browser
.
Reply to thread
Message
<blockquote data-quote="Randip Singh" data-source="post: 110923" data-attributes="member: 1323"><p><strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10px">I found this on Wikipedia:</span></strong></strong></p><p></p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha" target="_blank">Akhand Kirtani Jatha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a></p><p></p><p><strong>Akhand Kirtani Jatha</strong></p><p></p><p> </p><p></p><p> The <strong>Akhand Kirtani Jatha</strong> (or AKJ) is a <em>jatha</em> (collective group) of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh" target="_blank">Sikhs</a>. <em>Akhand</em> means "non-stop",[<em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement" target="_blank">dubious</a> – <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Akhand_Kirtani_Jatha#July_2009" target="_blank">discuss</a></em>] and <em>kirtan</em> means "devotional singing";<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0" target="_blank">[1]</a> thus "Akhand Kirtani Jatha" means "non-stop devotional singing group."</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> <strong> History of the Akhand Kirtani Jatha</strong></p><p></p><p> In an article on the AKJ, Dr. Balbinder Singh Bhogal, Sardarni Kuljit Kaur Bindra Chair in Sikh Studies at Hofstra University,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-1" target="_blank">[2]</a> identified the Akhand Kirtani Jatha as a Sikh group started by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randhir_Singh" target="_blank">Randhir Singh</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0" target="_blank">[1]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-2" target="_blank">[3]</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> identifies the AKJ as a sect of Sikhism that "emerged" in the early 20th century.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-3" target="_blank">[4]</a></p><p> The Jatha did not originally have a formal name. It was referred to as <em>the Jatha</em> or <em>Nirbaan Kirtani Jatha</em>. <em>Nirbaan</em> means 'Nirvana', referring to the spiritually intoxicating singing of the group.[<em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" target="_blank">citation needed</a></em>] Others referred to the group as "<em>Bhai Randhir Singh da Jatha</em>",<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0" target="_blank">[1]</a> and still others as the <em>Waheguru Singhs</em>. The name <em>Akhand Kirtani Jatha</em> was coined after Randhir Singh began holding all-night <em>kirtan</em>.[<em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" target="_blank">citation needed</a></em>]</p><p> </p><p> <strong>AKJ practices</strong></p><p></p><p> The AKJ considers itself part of the <em>Khalsa Panth</em> (Sikh nation) and not a separate entity.[<em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" target="_blank">citation needed</a></em>] In Bhogal's<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-4" target="_blank">[5]</a> description of beliefs and practices of the AKJ, he noted some of the group's beliefs and said "In such beliefs the group reject the general code of conduct known as the Sikh Rahit Marayada of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiromani_Gurdwara_Prabandhak_Committee" target="_blank">S.G.P.C.</a> (See introduction and Singh Sabha and Sikh Panth entries), and produced their own called <em>rahit-bibek</em> (<em>bibek</em> means discrimination, discernment, insight)."</p><p> Bhogal also noted that "They also believe in a different Khalsa initiation ceremony, wherein the five beloved ones, or five Gursikhs place their right hand on the neophyte's head and meditatively repeat the mantra "<em>Vahiguru</em>", revolving around the innitiate(sic) for five or so minutes."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0" target="_blank">[1]</a></p><p> </p><p> <strong> Literal word of the Guru</strong></p><p></p><p> The Jatha strongly believes that the teachings of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Guru_Granth_Sahib" target="_blank">Sri Guru Granth Sahib</a>, the Sikh sacred scripture, provide guidance on all issues. Dr. Bhogal observed that this belief means that the AKJ may be considered "fundamentalist".<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0" target="_blank">[1]</a></p><p> </p><p> <strong>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akhand_Kirtani_Jatha&action=edit&section=4" target="_blank">edit</a>] <em>Kirtan</em> (devotional singing)</strong></p><p></p><p> The Jatha's devotional singing programmes include all-night <em>Rain sabai</em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0" target="_blank">[1]</a> and <em>Kirtan Darbars</em> which usually last around 6 hours. The kirtan is usually sung with basic musical tunes as the main emphasis of the <em>kirtans</em> is on the Guru's Word and repeating the <em>Gurmantar</em> (Guru's Mantra) of <em>Waheguru</em> with great fervour when prompted to repeat the Lord's Name in the sacred hymns being sung.</p><p> </p><p> <strong><em>Nitnem banis</em> (daily prayers)</strong></p><p></p><p> The Jatha promotes 2 additional daily prayers beyond the 3 that the official <em>Maryada</em> promotes. Most Jatha members also recite <em>Sukhmani Sahib</em> daily.</p><p> </p><p> <strong>No eating of meat</strong></p><p></p><p> Main articles: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism_in_Sikhism" target="_blank">Vegetarianism in Sikhism</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha_meat" target="_blank">Kutha meat</a></p><p> Jatha members never eat meat, and the AKJ argues strongly that eating any form of meat is forbidden in <em>Gurmat</em>, and that no Sikh should eat meat. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-tapoban-5" target="_blank">[6]</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-pathkhalsa-6" target="_blank">[7]</a> Bhogal noted that this is one of the areas in which the AKJ rejects the SGPC interpretation.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0" target="_blank">[1]</a></p><p> The SGPC <em>Sikh Rehat Maryada</em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-7" target="_blank">[8]</a> includes "Eating <em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha_meat" target="_blank">Kutthaa</a></em>" as one of the four transgressions that must be avoided by all Sikhs. The Jatha strongly believes that <em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha_meat" target="_blank">Kutthaa</a></em> means "slaughtered animal" or "killed animal", and thus that eating any meat whatsoever is a transgression.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-tapoban-5" target="_blank">[6]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-pathkhalsa-6" target="_blank">[7]</a> Some Sikhs and Sikh scholars define <em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha_meat" target="_blank">Kutthaa</a></em> as meat "slaughtered in the Muslim way" (<em>Halaal</em> meat),<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-8" target="_blank">[9]</a> others<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-9" target="_blank">[10]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-10" target="_blank">[11]</a> as any "ritually slaughtered" meat (Halal, Kosher, Hindu Bali, others). Thus, some Sikhs accept the eating of meat, and the Akhand Kirtani Jatha does not.</p><p> Bhogal also observed that AKJ members cook in and eat out of iron utensils exclusively.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0" target="_blank">[1]</a></p><p> </p><p> <strong>Requirement to wear the turban (<em>keski</em>)</strong></p><p></p><p> According to the the SGPC, there are five official <em>Kakkaar</em> (articles of faith) required of all Sikhs in the <em>Sikh Rehat Maryada</em>. These are referred to as "the five K's", and are:</p><p>I. <em>Kesh</em> (unshorn hair)</p><p>II. <em>Kirpan</em> (sheathed sword) The length of the <em>Kirpan</em> to be worn is not prescribed.</p><p>III. <em>Kachhehra</em> (drawers like garment) The <em>Kachhehra</em> may be made from any cloth, but its legs should not reach down to below the shins.</p><p>IV. <em>Kanga</em> (comb)</p><p>V. <em>Karha</em> (steel bracelet) The <em>Karha</em> should be of pure steel.</p><p> The Jatha believes that wearing a <em>Keski</em> (a small under-turban) is required for both sexes,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0" target="_blank">[1]</a> and shows greater respect and reverence for the hair, rather than the wearing of unshorn hair (<em>Kesh</em>) alone.[<em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" target="_blank">citation needed</a></em>]</p><p> </p><p> <strong>No reading of the Raagmala</strong></p><p></p><p> <em>Raagmala</em> is a composition appended to Sri Guru Granth Sahib, appearing after the <em>"Mundaavni"</em> (epilogue or "closing seal"). The Jatha do not accept the <em>Raagmala</em> and do not read it when concluding a scripture-reading.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0" target="_blank">[1]</a></p><p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bhai_randhir_singh.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/Bhai_randhir_singh.jpg/79px-Bhai_randhir_singh.jpg" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a></p><p> </p><p> Randhir Singh</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> <strong>References</strong></p><p></p><p> </p><ol> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-0" target="_blank"><em><strong>a</strong></em></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-1" target="_blank"><em><strong>b</strong></em></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-2" target="_blank"><em><strong>c</strong></em></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-3" target="_blank"><em><strong>d</strong></em></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-4" target="_blank"><em><strong>e</strong></em></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-5" target="_blank"><em><strong>f</strong></em></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-6" target="_blank"><em><strong>g</strong></em></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-7" target="_blank"><em><strong>h</strong></em></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-8" target="_blank"><em><strong>i</strong></em></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-9" target="_blank"><em><strong>j</strong></em></a> <a href="http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/sikhism/akha.html" target="_blank">Akhand Kirtani Jatha</a> - Akhand Kirtani Jatha by Balbinder Bhogal</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-1" target="_blank">^</a></strong> "<a href="http://www.hofstra.edu/home/News/PressReleases/120108_SikhChair.html" target="_blank">Press release<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite8" alt=":D" title="Big Grin :D" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":D" />r. Balbinder Singh Bhogal to be Installed as the Sardarni Kuljit Kaur Bindra Chair in Sikh Studies</a>". Hofstra.edu. 2008-12-03. <a href="http://www.hofstra.edu/home/News/PressReleases/120108_SikhChair.html" target="_blank">University Relations - Press Release - Hofstra University</a>. Retrieved 2009-08-09. </li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-2" target="_blank">^</a></strong> Nihang Teja Singh, Shromani Panth Akali Nihang Singh Khalsa 96 Crore Budha Dal Chalda Vaheer (1903-06-14). "<a href="http://www.sarbloh.info/htmls/article_samparda_akj.html" target="_blank">AOn 7th July 1878, Basant Singh Grewal was born to Sardar Natha Singh and Punjab Kaur, in the village of Narangwal, Ludhiana District. Natha Singh was a proud and wealthy Jatt lawyer who would later become a High Court judge in the state of Nabha. Basant Singh was educated at the Government and Foreman Christian Colleges at capital of Punjab, Lahore (circa 1896-1900). These schools run by the British Raj and the teachers were Christian missionaries. On 14th June 1903, Basant Singh was initiated into the Khalsa brotherhood by the notorious Teja Singh Bhasuaria (also known as ‘Babu Teja Singh’), and this spawned the beginning of the organization that today calls itself the Akhand Kirtani Jatha (A.K.J.). The A.K.J was initially known as the ‘Bhai Randhir Singh Da Jatha’, which was originally termed the ‘Tat Khalsa Jatha’ during the Tat Khalsa Singh Sabhia era</a>". Sarbloh.info. <a href="http://www.sarbloh.info/htmls/article_samparda_akj.html" target="_blank">Sanatan Sikhi - Sikh Sampardas</a>. Retrieved 2009-08-28. </span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-3" target="_blank">^</a></strong> "<a href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1195393/Akhand-Kirtani-Jatha" target="_blank">Akhand Kirtani Jatha (Sikh religious group) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia</a>". Britannica.com. <a href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1195393/Akhand-Kirtani-Jatha" target="_blank">Akhand Kirtani Jatha (Sikh religious group) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia</a>. Retrieved 2009-08-09. </li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-4" target="_blank">^</a></strong> "<a href="http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/contribs.html" target="_blank">Contributors to the Overview of World Religions</a>". Philtar.ucsm.ac.uk. <a href="http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/contribs.html" target="_blank">Contributors to the Overview of World Religions</a>. Retrieved 2009-08-09. </li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-tapoban_5-0" target="_blank"><em><strong>a</strong></em></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-tapoban_5-1" target="_blank"><em><strong>b</strong></em></a> "<a href="http://www.tapoban.org/index.html?gurmat.html" target="_blank">Tapoban.org</a>". Tapoban.org. <a href="http://www.tapoban.org/index.html?gurmat.html" target="_blank">Tapoban.org</a>. Retrieved 2009-08-09. </li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-pathkhalsa_6-0" target="_blank"><em><strong>a</strong></em></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-pathkhalsa_6-1" target="_blank"><em><strong>b</strong></em></a> "<a href="http://www.panthkhalsa.org/rahit/rahit_kuthha.php" target="_blank">Kuthha and Sikhism</a>". Fort<img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite7" alt=":p" title="Stick Out Tongue :p" loading="lazy" data-shortname=":p" />anth Khalsa. <a href="http://www.panthkhalsa.org/rahit/rahit_kuthha.php" target="_blank">http://www.panthkhalsa.org/rahit/rahit_kuthha.php</a>. Retrieved 2009-08-28. </li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-7" target="_blank">^</a></strong> "<a href="http://www.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_six.html" target="_blank">Sikh Reht Maryada, The Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India</a>". Sgpc.net. <a href="http://www.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_six.html" target="_blank">Sikh Reht Maryada, The Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India</a>. Retrieved 2009-08-09. </li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-8" target="_blank">^</a></strong> Punjabi-English Dictionary, Punjabi University, Dept. of Punjabi Lexicography, Published Dec. 1994. <em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha_meat" target="_blank">Kuttha</a>: meat of animal or fowl slaughtered slowly as prescribed by Islamic law.</em></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-9" target="_blank">^</a></strong> Sikhism, A Complete Introduction, Dr. H.S.Singha & Satwant Kaur, Hemkunt Press - We must give the rationale behind prescribing jhatka meat as the approved food for the Sikhs. According to the ancient Aryan Hindu tradition, only such meat as is obtained from an animal which is killed with one stroke of the weapon causing instantaneous death is fit for human consumption. However, with the coming of Islam into India and the Muslim political hegemony, it became a state policy not to permit slaughter of animals for food, in any other manner, except as laid down in the Quran - the kosher meat prepared by slowly severing the main blood artery of the throat of the animal while reciting verses from the Quran. It is done to make slaughter a sacrifice to God and to expiate the sins of the slaughter. Guru Gobind Singh took a rather serious view of this aspect of the whole matter. He, therefore, while permitting flesh to be taken as food repudiated the whole theory of this expiatory sacrifice and the right of ruling Muslims to impose it on the non-Muslims. Accordingly, he made jhatka meat obligatory for those Sikhs who may be interested in taking meat as a part of their food.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-10" target="_blank">^</a></strong> Sikhs and Sikhism, Dr. I.J.Singh, Manohar Publishers. - And one semitic practice clearly rejected in the Sikh code of conduct is eating flesh of an animal cooked in ritualistic manner; this would mean kosher and halal meat. The reason again does not lie in religious tenet but in the view that killing an animal with a prayer is not going to enoble the flesh. No ritual, whoever conducts it, is going to do any good either to the animal or to the diner. Let man do what he must to assuage his hunger. If what he gets, he puts to good use and shares with the needy, then it is well used and well spent, otherwise not.</li> </ol></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Randip Singh, post: 110923, member: 1323"] [B][B][SIZE=2]I found this on Wikipedia:[/SIZE][/B][/B] [url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha]Akhand Kirtani Jatha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia[/url] [B]Akhand Kirtani Jatha[/B] The [B]Akhand Kirtani Jatha[/B] (or AKJ) is a [I]jatha[/I] (collective group) of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh"]Sikhs[/url]. [I]Akhand[/I] means "non-stop",[[I][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement"]dubious[/url] – [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Akhand_Kirtani_Jatha#July_2009"]discuss[/URL][/I]] and [I]kirtan[/I] means "devotional singing";[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0"][1][/URL] thus "Akhand Kirtani Jatha" means "non-stop devotional singing group." [B] History of the Akhand Kirtani Jatha[/B] In an article on the AKJ, Dr. Balbinder Singh Bhogal, Sardarni Kuljit Kaur Bindra Chair in Sikh Studies at Hofstra University,[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-1"][2][/URL] identified the Akhand Kirtani Jatha as a Sikh group started by [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randhir_Singh"]Randhir Singh[/url].[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0"][1][/URL][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-2"][3][/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica"]Encyclopædia Britannica[/URL] identifies the AKJ as a sect of Sikhism that "emerged" in the early 20th century.[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-3"][4][/URL] The Jatha did not originally have a formal name. It was referred to as [I]the Jatha[/I] or [I]Nirbaan Kirtani Jatha[/I]. [I]Nirbaan[/I] means 'Nirvana', referring to the spiritually intoxicating singing of the group.[[I][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]citation needed[/url][/I]] Others referred to the group as "[I]Bhai Randhir Singh da Jatha[/I]",[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0"][1][/URL] and still others as the [I]Waheguru Singhs[/I]. The name [I]Akhand Kirtani Jatha[/I] was coined after Randhir Singh began holding all-night [I]kirtan[/I].[[I][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]citation needed[/url][/I]] [B]AKJ practices[/B] The AKJ considers itself part of the [I]Khalsa Panth[/I] (Sikh nation) and not a separate entity.[[I][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]citation needed[/url][/I]] In Bhogal's[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-4"][5][/URL] description of beliefs and practices of the AKJ, he noted some of the group's beliefs and said "In such beliefs the group reject the general code of conduct known as the Sikh Rahit Marayada of the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiromani_Gurdwara_Prabandhak_Committee"]S.G.P.C.[/url] (See introduction and Singh Sabha and Sikh Panth entries), and produced their own called [I]rahit-bibek[/I] ([I]bibek[/I] means discrimination, discernment, insight)." Bhogal also noted that "They also believe in a different Khalsa initiation ceremony, wherein the five beloved ones, or five Gursikhs place their right hand on the neophyte's head and meditatively repeat the mantra "[I]Vahiguru[/I]", revolving around the innitiate(sic) for five or so minutes."[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0"][1][/URL] [B] Literal word of the Guru[/B] The Jatha strongly believes that the teachings of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Guru_Granth_Sahib"]Sri Guru Granth Sahib[/url], the Sikh sacred scripture, provide guidance on all issues. Dr. Bhogal observed that this belief means that the AKJ may be considered "fundamentalist".[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0"][1][/URL] [B][[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akhand_Kirtani_Jatha&action=edit§ion=4"]edit[/URL]] [I]Kirtan[/I] (devotional singing)[/B] The Jatha's devotional singing programmes include all-night [I]Rain sabai[/I][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0"][1][/URL] and [I]Kirtan Darbars[/I] which usually last around 6 hours. The kirtan is usually sung with basic musical tunes as the main emphasis of the [I]kirtans[/I] is on the Guru's Word and repeating the [I]Gurmantar[/I] (Guru's Mantra) of [I]Waheguru[/I] with great fervour when prompted to repeat the Lord's Name in the sacred hymns being sung. [B][I]Nitnem banis[/I] (daily prayers)[/B] The Jatha promotes 2 additional daily prayers beyond the 3 that the official [I]Maryada[/I] promotes. Most Jatha members also recite [I]Sukhmani Sahib[/I] daily. [B]No eating of meat[/B] Main articles: [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism_in_Sikhism"]Vegetarianism in Sikhism[/url] and [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha_meat"]Kutha meat[/url] Jatha members never eat meat, and the AKJ argues strongly that eating any form of meat is forbidden in [I]Gurmat[/I], and that no Sikh should eat meat. [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-tapoban-5"][6][/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-pathkhalsa-6"][7][/URL] Bhogal noted that this is one of the areas in which the AKJ rejects the SGPC interpretation.[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0"][1][/URL] The SGPC [I]Sikh Rehat Maryada[/I][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-7"][8][/URL] includes "Eating [I][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha_meat"]Kutthaa[/url][/I]" as one of the four transgressions that must be avoided by all Sikhs. The Jatha strongly believes that [I][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha_meat"]Kutthaa[/url][/I] means "slaughtered animal" or "killed animal", and thus that eating any meat whatsoever is a transgression.[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-tapoban-5"][6][/URL][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-pathkhalsa-6"][7][/URL] Some Sikhs and Sikh scholars define [I][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha_meat"]Kutthaa[/url][/I] as meat "slaughtered in the Muslim way" ([I]Halaal[/I] meat),[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-8"][9][/URL] others[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-9"][10][/URL][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-10"][11][/URL] as any "ritually slaughtered" meat (Halal, Kosher, Hindu Bali, others). Thus, some Sikhs accept the eating of meat, and the Akhand Kirtani Jatha does not. Bhogal also observed that AKJ members cook in and eat out of iron utensils exclusively.[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0"][1][/URL] [B]Requirement to wear the turban ([I]keski[/I])[/B] According to the the SGPC, there are five official [I]Kakkaar[/I] (articles of faith) required of all Sikhs in the [I]Sikh Rehat Maryada[/I]. These are referred to as "the five K's", and are: I. [I]Kesh[/I] (unshorn hair) II. [I]Kirpan[/I] (sheathed sword) The length of the [I]Kirpan[/I] to be worn is not prescribed. III. [I]Kachhehra[/I] (drawers like garment) The [I]Kachhehra[/I] may be made from any cloth, but its legs should not reach down to below the shins. IV. [I]Kanga[/I] (comb) V. [I]Karha[/I] (steel bracelet) The [I]Karha[/I] should be of pure steel. The Jatha believes that wearing a [I]Keski[/I] (a small under-turban) is required for both sexes,[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0"][1][/URL] and shows greater respect and reverence for the hair, rather than the wearing of unshorn hair ([I]Kesh[/I]) alone.[[I][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]citation needed[/url][/I]] [B]No reading of the Raagmala[/B] [I]Raagmala[/I] is a composition appended to Sri Guru Granth Sahib, appearing after the [I]"Mundaavni"[/I] (epilogue or "closing seal"). The Jatha do not accept the [I]Raagmala[/I] and do not read it when concluding a scripture-reading.[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_note-Bhogalarticle-0"][1][/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bhai_randhir_singh.jpg"][IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/Bhai_randhir_singh.jpg/79px-Bhai_randhir_singh.jpg[/IMG][/URL] Randhir Singh [B]References[/B] [LIST=1] [*]^ [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-0"][I][B]a[/B][/I][/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-1"][I][B]b[/B][/I][/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-2"][I][B]c[/B][/I][/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-3"][I][B]d[/B][/I][/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-4"][I][B]e[/B][/I][/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-5"][I][B]f[/B][/I][/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-6"][I][B]g[/B][/I][/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-7"][I][B]h[/B][/I][/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-8"][I][B]i[/B][/I][/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-Bhogalarticle_0-9"][I][B]j[/B][/I][/URL] [url=http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/sikhism/akha.html]Akhand Kirtani Jatha[/url] - Akhand Kirtani Jatha by Balbinder Bhogal [*][B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-1"]^[/URL][/B] "[URL="http://www.hofstra.edu/home/News/PressReleases/120108_SikhChair.html"]Press release:Dr. Balbinder Singh Bhogal to be Installed as the Sardarni Kuljit Kaur Bindra Chair in Sikh Studies[/URL]". Hofstra.edu. 2008-12-03. [url=http://www.hofstra.edu/home/News/PressReleases/120108_SikhChair.html]University Relations - Press Release - Hofstra University[/url]. Retrieved 2009-08-09. [*][B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-2"]^[/URL][/B] Nihang Teja Singh, Shromani Panth Akali Nihang Singh Khalsa 96 Crore Budha Dal Chalda Vaheer (1903-06-14). "[URL="http://www.sarbloh.info/htmls/article_samparda_akj.html"]AOn 7th July 1878, Basant Singh Grewal was born to Sardar Natha Singh and Punjab Kaur, in the village of Narangwal, Ludhiana District. Natha Singh was a proud and wealthy Jatt lawyer who would later become a High Court judge in the state of Nabha. Basant Singh was educated at the Government and Foreman Christian Colleges at capital of Punjab, Lahore (circa 1896-1900). These schools run by the British Raj and the teachers were Christian missionaries. On 14th June 1903, Basant Singh was initiated into the Khalsa brotherhood by the notorious Teja Singh Bhasuaria (also known as ‘Babu Teja Singh’), and this spawned the beginning of the organization that today calls itself the Akhand Kirtani Jatha (A.K.J.). The A.K.J was initially known as the ‘Bhai Randhir Singh Da Jatha’, which was originally termed the ‘Tat Khalsa Jatha’ during the Tat Khalsa Singh Sabhia era[/URL]". Sarbloh.info. [url=http://www.sarbloh.info/htmls/article_samparda_akj.html]Sanatan Sikhi - Sikh Sampardas[/url]. Retrieved 2009-08-28. </span> [*][B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-3"]^[/URL][/B] "[URL="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1195393/Akhand-Kirtani-Jatha"]Akhand Kirtani Jatha (Sikh religious group) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia[/URL]". Britannica.com. [url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1195393/Akhand-Kirtani-Jatha]Akhand Kirtani Jatha (Sikh religious group) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia[/url]. Retrieved 2009-08-09. [*][B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-4"]^[/URL][/B] "[URL="http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/contribs.html"]Contributors to the Overview of World Religions[/URL]". Philtar.ucsm.ac.uk. [url=http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/contribs.html]Contributors to the Overview of World Religions[/url]. Retrieved 2009-08-09. [*]^ [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-tapoban_5-0"][I][B]a[/B][/I][/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-tapoban_5-1"][I][B]b[/B][/I][/URL] "[URL="http://www.tapoban.org/index.html?gurmat.html"]Tapoban.org[/URL]". Tapoban.org. [url=http://www.tapoban.org/index.html?gurmat.html]Tapoban.org[/url]. Retrieved 2009-08-09. [*]^ [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-pathkhalsa_6-0"][I][B]a[/B][/I][/URL] [URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-pathkhalsa_6-1"][I][B]b[/B][/I][/URL] "[URL="http://www.panthkhalsa.org/rahit/rahit_kuthha.php"]Kuthha and Sikhism[/URL]". Fort:Panth Khalsa. [URL]http://www.panthkhalsa.org/rahit/rahit_kuthha.php[/URL]. Retrieved 2009-08-28. [*][B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-7"]^[/URL][/B] "[URL="http://www.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_six.html"]Sikh Reht Maryada, The Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India[/URL]". Sgpc.net. [url=http://www.sgpc.net/rehat_maryada/section_six.html]Sikh Reht Maryada, The Definition of Sikh, Sikh Conduct & Conventions, Sikh Religion Living, India[/url]. Retrieved 2009-08-09. [*][B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-8"]^[/URL][/B] Punjabi-English Dictionary, Punjabi University, Dept. of Punjabi Lexicography, Published Dec. 1994. [I][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutha_meat"]Kuttha[/url]: meat of animal or fowl slaughtered slowly as prescribed by Islamic law.[/I] [*][B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-9"]^[/URL][/B] Sikhism, A Complete Introduction, Dr. H.S.Singha & Satwant Kaur, Hemkunt Press - We must give the rationale behind prescribing jhatka meat as the approved food for the Sikhs. According to the ancient Aryan Hindu tradition, only such meat as is obtained from an animal which is killed with one stroke of the weapon causing instantaneous death is fit for human consumption. However, with the coming of Islam into India and the Muslim political hegemony, it became a state policy not to permit slaughter of animals for food, in any other manner, except as laid down in the Quran - the kosher meat prepared by slowly severing the main blood artery of the throat of the animal while reciting verses from the Quran. It is done to make slaughter a sacrifice to God and to expiate the sins of the slaughter. Guru Gobind Singh took a rather serious view of this aspect of the whole matter. He, therefore, while permitting flesh to be taken as food repudiated the whole theory of this expiatory sacrifice and the right of ruling Muslims to impose it on the non-Muslims. Accordingly, he made jhatka meat obligatory for those Sikhs who may be interested in taking meat as a part of their food. [*][B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhand_kirtani_jatha#cite_ref-10"]^[/URL][/B] Sikhs and Sikhism, Dr. I.J.Singh, Manohar Publishers. - And one semitic practice clearly rejected in the Sikh code of conduct is eating flesh of an animal cooked in ritualistic manner; this would mean kosher and halal meat. The reason again does not lie in religious tenet but in the view that killing an animal with a prayer is not going to enoble the flesh. No ritual, whoever conducts it, is going to do any good either to the animal or to the diner. Let man do what he must to assuage his hunger. If what he gets, he puts to good use and shares with the needy, then it is well used and well spent, otherwise not. [/LIST] [/QUOTE]
Insert quotes…
Verification
Post reply
Discussions
Sikh History & Heritage
Akhand Kirtani Jatha
This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register.
By continuing to use this site, you are consenting to our use of cookies.
Accept
Learn more…
Top