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Guru Granth Sahib
Composition, Arrangement & Layout
ਜਪੁ | Jup
ਸੋ ਦਰੁ | So Dar
ਸੋਹਿਲਾ | Sohilaa
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
Ashtpadiyan (53-71)
Gurbani (71-74)
Pahre (74-78)
Chhant (78-81)
Vanjara (81-82)
Vaar Siri Raag (83-91)
Bhagat Bani (91-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
Gurbani (94-109)
Ashtpadi (109)
Ashtpadiyan (110-129)
Ashtpadi (129-130)
Ashtpadiyan (130-133)
Bara Maha (133-136)
Din Raen (136-137)
Vaar Maajh Ki (137-150)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
Ashtpadiyan (220-234)
Karhalei (234-235)
Ashtpadiyan (235-242)
Chhant (242-249)
Baavan Akhari (250-262)
Sukhmani (262-296)
Thittee (296-300)
Gauree kii Vaar (300-323)
Gurbani (323-330)
Ashtpadiyan (330-340)
Baavan Akhari (340-343)
Thintteen (343-344)
Vaar Kabir (344-345)
Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
Aasaavaree (409-411)
Ashtpadiyan (411-432)
Patee (432-435)
Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
Bhagat Bani (475-488)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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Sikh History & Heritage
A Look At Elements Of The War Fare Of The Sikhs
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<blockquote data-quote="spnadmin" data-source="post: 130799" data-attributes="member: 35"><p>The Sikhs are a small religious group founded by Guru Nanak in the fifteenth century. In all after Guru Nanak there were 9 Sikh Gurus. The last being Guru Gobind who created the ‘Khalsa’ on baisakhi the New Year of Punjab.</p><p></p><p> The Sikhs appeared during the Mughal rule and generally kept to themselves .However with the Advent of Aurangzeb and his policy of persecution, made the Sikhs take up arms against the Mughals. But it was best a hit and run affair as the Sikhs could not match the Imperial Mughal Army. But with the weakening of the Mughall rule after the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the Sikhs began to assert themselves and increasingly became the Masters of the Punjab. Ranjit Singh soon took over the Punjab and with the blessings of Shah Shuja proclaimed himself Maharaja at Lahore.</p><p></p><p> The Sikh military history really starts with Ranjit Singh.Bound by treaty with the British wherein he recognized the River Sutlej as this southern boundary the Sikhs turned their attention to the west and north for their conquest. In 1820 he started to modernize his army and took the help of European officers.</p><p></p><p> The Sikh army was a volunteer force. But it appears they were not paid regularly and sometimes behaved like mercenaries.</p><p></p><p> However credit must be given to Ranjit Singh who modernized the Army and set up his Artillery regiments under the guidance of European mercenary officers. In addition he had corps of Infantry and <strong>cavalry</strong>. But Artillery had pride of place in his army. This Army started a campaign against the Afghans and Pathans of the North West Frontier. The Sikh army from all accounts under the Generalship of Hair Singh Nalwa acquitted itself well against the Afghans and Peshawar was occupied. Furious battles were fought and the Sikh Army reached to the Khyber Pass.</p><p></p><p> In the north, Kashmir and Ladakh were occupied under General Zorawar Singh. Ranjit Singh had allied himself with the British and he aided the British in their Afghan war in 1838 and the Sikh troops took part in the Victory parade at Kabul.</p><p></p><p> The Demise of Ranjit Singh brought to the fore the Ills of the Sikh army. Unlike the western powers Ranjit created no training academy for his troops and the battles at the most were adhoc affairs with no planning. Staff work to frame a war plan was not known. This proved decisive in battles with the British.</p><p></p><p> The first Anglo Sikh war (1845-45) was more of a compulsion for the rulers of Lahore. Intrigue and murder ruled the roost in the durbar and the Khalsa fauj untrained and restive and underpaid created quite a fear in the hearts of the elite at Lahore. This was a serious drawback of the Sikh army. It appears though the European officers gave training yet they could not control the unruly elements of the Sikh army. To forestall and keep the Sikh army occupied the first Anglo Sikh war was launched. The Sikhs crossed the river at Mudki near Ferozpur and met the British in a head long battle. From all accounts the battle was fierce and the British suffered heavy causalities. The Sikh gunners also acquitted themselves creditably. But the genarlship was poor and lacked motivation. The Sigh general Labh Singh reportedly fled from the battle and a golden opportunity to defeat the British was lost.</p><p> An analysis shows that the Sikhs fought with tremendous bravery but without following the principles of war the Sikh army could not press home their advantage. They were defeated. Subsequent battles at Aliwal, Sabraon and Chillianwala (second Anglo Sikh war) met with the same fate. The generalship was poor and there appeared to be a surprising lack of will among the top echelons of the Sikh army to defeat the British. Planning so essential in a campaign was conspicuously absent. Thus one of the fundamental principles of war was conspicuously ignored.</p><p></p><p> The Sikh gunners were good as per all accounts but again a number of times their aim went hay wire. In contrast the British came to battle with a proper plan and clear aim. The Anglo Sikh wars spelt the death knell of the Sikh empire and the end of the Sikh army.</p><p></p><p> The period of Sikh historical rule in India is small (50 years) but there is no doubt that the Sikhs gave a much better account of themselves than other Indian rulers against the British during the same period. The Sikh army created a favorable impression on the British who incorporated them as a martial race in the British Indian Army. These soldiers acquitted themselves with credit in campaigns during the two wars and the battles against the Afghans in the frontier. An example of the bravery of the Sikhs is the battle of Saragarhi on 12 Sept 1897 when a contingent of 21 Sikh soldiers held off an afghan Muslim horde of 10000.This battle can be compared the battle of Thermopylae.</p><p></p><p> There are reports that the entire British Parliament stood up to honor the bravery of the Sikhs. Sikhs have been individually very brave but in collective battle conditions have been led down by poor generalship and lack of tactical planning. This was a major flaw in their art of war.</p><p></p><p></p><p><a href="http://rudyvogus.lazap.com/2010/07/30/a-look-at-elements-of-the-war-fare-of-the-sikhs/" target="_blank">http://rudyvogus.lazap.com/2010/07/30/a-look-at-elements-of-the-war-fare-of-the-sikhs/</a></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="spnadmin, post: 130799, member: 35"] The Sikhs are a small religious group founded by Guru Nanak in the fifteenth century. In all after Guru Nanak there were 9 Sikh Gurus. The last being Guru Gobind who created the ‘Khalsa’ on baisakhi the New Year of Punjab. The Sikhs appeared during the Mughal rule and generally kept to themselves .However with the Advent of Aurangzeb and his policy of persecution, made the Sikhs take up arms against the Mughals. But it was best a hit and run affair as the Sikhs could not match the Imperial Mughal Army. But with the weakening of the Mughall rule after the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the Sikhs began to assert themselves and increasingly became the Masters of the Punjab. Ranjit Singh soon took over the Punjab and with the blessings of Shah Shuja proclaimed himself Maharaja at Lahore. The Sikh military history really starts with Ranjit Singh.Bound by treaty with the British wherein he recognized the River Sutlej as this southern boundary the Sikhs turned their attention to the west and north for their conquest. In 1820 he started to modernize his army and took the help of European officers. The Sikh army was a volunteer force. But it appears they were not paid regularly and sometimes behaved like mercenaries. However credit must be given to Ranjit Singh who modernized the Army and set up his Artillery regiments under the guidance of European mercenary officers. In addition he had corps of Infantry and [B]cavalry[/B]. But Artillery had pride of place in his army. This Army started a campaign against the Afghans and Pathans of the North West Frontier. The Sikh army from all accounts under the Generalship of Hair Singh Nalwa acquitted itself well against the Afghans and Peshawar was occupied. Furious battles were fought and the Sikh Army reached to the Khyber Pass. In the north, Kashmir and Ladakh were occupied under General Zorawar Singh. Ranjit Singh had allied himself with the British and he aided the British in their Afghan war in 1838 and the Sikh troops took part in the Victory parade at Kabul. The Demise of Ranjit Singh brought to the fore the Ills of the Sikh army. Unlike the western powers Ranjit created no training academy for his troops and the battles at the most were adhoc affairs with no planning. Staff work to frame a war plan was not known. This proved decisive in battles with the British. The first Anglo Sikh war (1845-45) was more of a compulsion for the rulers of Lahore. Intrigue and murder ruled the roost in the durbar and the Khalsa fauj untrained and restive and underpaid created quite a fear in the hearts of the elite at Lahore. This was a serious drawback of the Sikh army. It appears though the European officers gave training yet they could not control the unruly elements of the Sikh army. To forestall and keep the Sikh army occupied the first Anglo Sikh war was launched. The Sikhs crossed the river at Mudki near Ferozpur and met the British in a head long battle. From all accounts the battle was fierce and the British suffered heavy causalities. The Sikh gunners also acquitted themselves creditably. But the genarlship was poor and lacked motivation. The Sigh general Labh Singh reportedly fled from the battle and a golden opportunity to defeat the British was lost. An analysis shows that the Sikhs fought with tremendous bravery but without following the principles of war the Sikh army could not press home their advantage. They were defeated. Subsequent battles at Aliwal, Sabraon and Chillianwala (second Anglo Sikh war) met with the same fate. The generalship was poor and there appeared to be a surprising lack of will among the top echelons of the Sikh army to defeat the British. Planning so essential in a campaign was conspicuously absent. Thus one of the fundamental principles of war was conspicuously ignored. The Sikh gunners were good as per all accounts but again a number of times their aim went hay wire. In contrast the British came to battle with a proper plan and clear aim. The Anglo Sikh wars spelt the death knell of the Sikh empire and the end of the Sikh army. The period of Sikh historical rule in India is small (50 years) but there is no doubt that the Sikhs gave a much better account of themselves than other Indian rulers against the British during the same period. The Sikh army created a favorable impression on the British who incorporated them as a martial race in the British Indian Army. These soldiers acquitted themselves with credit in campaigns during the two wars and the battles against the Afghans in the frontier. An example of the bravery of the Sikhs is the battle of Saragarhi on 12 Sept 1897 when a contingent of 21 Sikh soldiers held off an afghan Muslim horde of 10000.This battle can be compared the battle of Thermopylae. There are reports that the entire British Parliament stood up to honor the bravery of the Sikhs. Sikhs have been individually very brave but in collective battle conditions have been led down by poor generalship and lack of tactical planning. This was a major flaw in their art of war. [URL]http://rudyvogus.lazap.com/2010/07/30/a-look-at-elements-of-the-war-fare-of-the-sikhs/[/URL] [/QUOTE]
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A Look At Elements Of The War Fare Of The Sikhs
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