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Guru Granth Sahib
Composition, Arrangement & Layout
ਜਪੁ | Jup
ਸੋ ਦਰੁ | So Dar
ਸੋਹਿਲਾ | Sohilaa
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ | Raag Siree-Raag
Gurbani (14-53)
Ashtpadiyan (53-71)
Gurbani (71-74)
Pahre (74-78)
Chhant (78-81)
Vanjara (81-82)
Vaar Siri Raag (83-91)
Bhagat Bani (91-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਝ | Raag Maajh
Gurbani (94-109)
Ashtpadi (109)
Ashtpadiyan (110-129)
Ashtpadi (129-130)
Ashtpadiyan (130-133)
Bara Maha (133-136)
Din Raen (136-137)
Vaar Maajh Ki (137-150)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗਉੜੀ | Raag Gauree
Gurbani (151-185)
Quartets/Couplets (185-220)
Ashtpadiyan (220-234)
Karhalei (234-235)
Ashtpadiyan (235-242)
Chhant (242-249)
Baavan Akhari (250-262)
Sukhmani (262-296)
Thittee (296-300)
Gauree kii Vaar (300-323)
Gurbani (323-330)
Ashtpadiyan (330-340)
Baavan Akhari (340-343)
Thintteen (343-344)
Vaar Kabir (344-345)
Bhagat Bani (345-346)
ਰਾਗੁ ਆਸਾ | Raag Aasaa
Gurbani (347-348)
Chaupaday (348-364)
Panchpadde (364-365)
Kaafee (365-409)
Aasaavaree (409-411)
Ashtpadiyan (411-432)
Patee (432-435)
Chhant (435-462)
Vaar Aasaa (462-475)
Bhagat Bani (475-488)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੂਜਰੀ | Raag Goojaree
Gurbani (489-503)
Ashtpadiyan (503-508)
Vaar Gujari (508-517)
Vaar Gujari (517-526)
ਰਾਗੁ ਦੇਵਗੰਧਾਰੀ | Raag Dayv-Gandhaaree
Gurbani (527-536)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਹਾਗੜਾ | Raag Bihaagraa
Gurbani (537-556)
Chhant (538-548)
Vaar Bihaagraa (548-556)
ਰਾਗੁ ਵਡਹੰਸ | Raag Wadhans
Gurbani (557-564)
Ashtpadiyan (564-565)
Chhant (565-575)
Ghoriaan (575-578)
Alaahaniiaa (578-582)
Vaar Wadhans (582-594)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੋਰਠਿ | Raag Sorath
Gurbani (595-634)
Asatpadhiya (634-642)
Vaar Sorath (642-659)
ਰਾਗੁ ਧਨਾਸਰੀ | Raag Dhanasaree
Gurbani (660-685)
Astpadhiya (685-687)
Chhant (687-691)
Bhagat Bani (691-695)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਤਸਰੀ | Raag Jaitsree
Gurbani (696-703)
Chhant (703-705)
Vaar Jaitsaree (705-710)
Bhagat Bani (710)
ਰਾਗੁ ਟੋਡੀ | Raag Todee
ਰਾਗੁ ਬੈਰਾੜੀ | Raag Bairaaree
ਰਾਗੁ ਤਿਲੰਗ | Raag Tilang
Gurbani (721-727)
Bhagat Bani (727)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸੂਹੀ | Raag Suhi
Gurbani (728-750)
Ashtpadiyan (750-761)
Kaafee (761-762)
Suchajee (762)
Gunvantee (763)
Chhant (763-785)
Vaar Soohee (785-792)
Bhagat Bani (792-794)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਿਲਾਵਲੁ | Raag Bilaaval
Gurbani (795-831)
Ashtpadiyan (831-838)
Thitteen (838-840)
Vaar Sat (841-843)
Chhant (843-848)
Vaar Bilaaval (849-855)
Bhagat Bani (855-858)
ਰਾਗੁ ਗੋਂਡ | Raag Gond
Gurbani (859-869)
Ashtpadiyan (869)
Bhagat Bani (870-875)
ਰਾਗੁ ਰਾਮਕਲੀ | Raag Ramkalee
Ashtpadiyan (902-916)
Gurbani (876-902)
Anand (917-922)
Sadd (923-924)
Chhant (924-929)
Dakhnee (929-938)
Sidh Gosat (938-946)
Vaar Ramkalee (947-968)
ਰਾਗੁ ਨਟ ਨਾਰਾਇਨ | Raag Nat Narayan
Gurbani (975-980)
Ashtpadiyan (980-983)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਲੀ ਗਉੜਾ | Raag Maalee Gauraa
Gurbani (984-988)
Bhagat Bani (988)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਾਰੂ | Raag Maaroo
Gurbani (889-1008)
Ashtpadiyan (1008-1014)
Kaafee (1014-1016)
Ashtpadiyan (1016-1019)
Anjulian (1019-1020)
Solhe (1020-1033)
Dakhni (1033-1043)
ਰਾਗੁ ਤੁਖਾਰੀ | Raag Tukhaari
Bara Maha (1107-1110)
Chhant (1110-1117)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕੇਦਾਰਾ | Raag Kedara
Gurbani (1118-1123)
Bhagat Bani (1123-1124)
ਰਾਗੁ ਭੈਰਉ | Raag Bhairo
Gurbani (1125-1152)
Partaal (1153)
Ashtpadiyan (1153-1167)
ਰਾਗੁ ਬਸੰਤੁ | Raag Basant
Gurbani (1168-1187)
Ashtpadiyan (1187-1193)
Vaar Basant (1193-1196)
ਰਾਗੁ ਸਾਰਗ | Raag Saarag
Gurbani (1197-1200)
Partaal (1200-1231)
Ashtpadiyan (1232-1236)
Chhant (1236-1237)
Vaar Saarang (1237-1253)
ਰਾਗੁ ਮਲਾਰ | Raag Malaar
Gurbani (1254-1293)
Partaal (1265-1273)
Ashtpadiyan (1273-1278)
Chhant (1278)
Vaar Malaar (1278-91)
Bhagat Bani (1292-93)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਾਨੜਾ | Raag Kaanraa
Gurbani (1294-96)
Partaal (1296-1318)
Ashtpadiyan (1308-1312)
Chhant (1312)
Vaar Kaanraa
Bhagat Bani (1318)
ਰਾਗੁ ਕਲਿਆਨ | Raag Kalyaan
Gurbani (1319-23)
Ashtpadiyan (1323-26)
ਰਾਗੁ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਤੀ | Raag Prabhaatee
Gurbani (1327-1341)
Ashtpadiyan (1342-51)
ਰਾਗੁ ਜੈਜਾਵੰਤੀ | Raag Jaijaiwanti
Gurbani (1352-53)
Salok | Gatha | Phunahe | Chaubole | Swayiye
Sehskritee Mahala 1
Sehskritee Mahala 5
Gaathaa Mahala 5
Phunhay Mahala 5
Chaubolae Mahala 5
Shaloks Bhagat Kabir
Shaloks Sheikh Farid
Swaiyyae Mahala 5
Swaiyyae in Praise of Gurus
Shaloks in Addition To Vaars
Shalok Ninth Mehl
Mundavanee Mehl 5
ਰਾਗ ਮਾਲਾ, Raag Maalaa
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8.4 Million Species ?
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<blockquote data-quote="drkhalsa" data-source="post: 21514" data-attributes="member: 384"><p><strong>Re: 8.4 million speices ??</strong></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black">Dear Imran </span></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black">Assalamualaikum</span></strong></p><p></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black">I can see you are so eager to what does it mean by 8.4 million species as written in Guru Granth Sahib </span></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black">I was also similarly eager to answer you but just now got time with the will of Akal ( god)</span></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black">I will try to help you as much as i can with his will</span></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: darkslateblue">now your first statement that there are 100 million species according to scientist </span></strong></p><p></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black">Dear Friend you above statement is not correct to start with this the no of estimated species that is the wildest guess of scientist guess what is the <span style="color: red">no of species that have classified yet is 1.75 million in total .</span> for your reference i am quoting different scientific source</span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'"><span style="color: black">Number of Species</span></span></strong></p><p> </p><p></p><p style="text-align: center"><strong><span style="color: black">The Physics Factbook™</span></strong><span style="color: black"></span></p> <p style="text-align: center"><span style="color: black"><strong>Edited by Glenn Elert An educational, Fair Use website</strong></span></p> <p style="text-align: center"></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Bibliographic Entry</span></span></strong></p><p></p><p style="text-align: center"><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Result</span></span></strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: center"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><strong>(w/surrounding text)</strong></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center"><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Standardized</span></span></strong></p></p> <p style="text-align: center"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: center"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><strong>Result</strong></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: center"></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">"Animal." <em>World Book Encyclopedia</em>. 16 vols. Chicago: World Book, 2003.</span></span></strong></p><p></p><p style="text-align: center"><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">"So far scientists have named and classified more than 1 1/2 million animals. Over half of these are types of insects and other species are discovered each year. Scientists believe there may be from 2 million to as many as 50 million kinds of animals alive today."</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center"><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">2 - 50 million</span></span></strong></p> </p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><a href="http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/96anrl/intro.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue">1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals</span></a>. The World Conservation Union (IUCN), 26 May 2003.</span></span></strong></p><p></p><p style="text-align: center"><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">"Furthermore, there are currently about 1.5 to 1.8 million named species, but it is estimated that the actual number of species in the world ranges from 5 to 10 million (May et al. 1995)."</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center"><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">5 - 10 million</span></span></strong></p> </p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">Wolosz, Thomas. <a href="http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/thomas.wolosz/howmanysp.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue">How Many Species are There</span></a>? Center for Earth & Environmental Sciences, SUNY at Plattsburgh, 1988.</span></span></strong></p><p></p><p style="text-align: center"><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">"The most commonly quoted estimate is somewhere between is somewhere between 30 and 50 millions based on Erwin's (1988,1997) study of tropical insects."</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center"><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">30 - 50 million</span></span></strong></p> </p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'"><a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/05/030526103731.htm" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue">Just How Many Species Are There, Anyway</span></a>? Society For Conservation Biology. 26 May 2003.</span></span></strong></p><p></p><p style="text-align: center"><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">" 'Right now we can only guess that the correct answer for the total number of species lies between 2 and 100 million,' says [Michael] Rosenzweig."</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center"><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 'Verdana'">2 - 100 million</span></span></strong></p> </p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black">Taxonomy is a science that directly involves classifying animals, plants, and other organisms into groups of similar characteristics. Scientists have tried for many decades to name and accurately classify all of the species on earth. In order to classify living organisms into groups or families of similar characteristics they follow a method created by Carolus Linnaeus, which provides a two-word Latin name for the species. In his system of classification, the first word is the genus name and the second is usually an adjective describing a particular characteristic, also known as the species name. A species name is given with respect to different external characteristics the organism may possess due to interbreeding. An organism's species name is sometimes referred to as a sub-division of its genus characteristics.</span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="color: black">Currently, scientists have named and successfully classified over 1.5 million species. It is estimated that there are as little as 2 million to as many as 50 million more species that have not yet been found and/or have been incorrectly classified. Estimates vary from scientist to scientist because it is close to impossible to truly know whether there are any more species living that are not by the tip of the scientists' noses. As fields such as microbiology progress, scientists of taxonomy become more capable of accurately classifying species of the past and present.</span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="color: black">Due to the loss of species and biodiversity scientists are not able to catch up with the rate at which the species are leaving the ecosystem. This loss of biodiversity is usually directly linked with deforestation. Specialists believe that, at the current rate of extinction, during the course of the next half-century one-third of all organisms will be lost.</span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="color: black">Felix Nisimov -- 2003</span></strong></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black">Actually your query could be just finished here but I would prefer to solve this problem even to further level as the message of Gurugranth is valid till trinity so atleast i should give you answer for coming few thousand year to come </span></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black">Now the thing is the word species you are equating with word JUNEE OR JANAM as mentioned in Guru GRanth sahib is not the exactly same </span></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black">Darwin who has done the major work in the classification and other theories of the Species was born in 18 century somewhat in first decade and Our first Guru Ji walked the on the Earth in 15 century so he has used this word well before darwin was ever born is essentially not the same and cant be the same </span></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black">Because as Understanding given to me by AKAL Guru granth Talk of infinite earths and Planets and so it teven incude the so called species of all the possible Universes so it is big big classification and also include the things you can see even ( i will explain this later )</span></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black">so darwin theory and mordern classifivcation is just baby play of God (AKAL) who has sent this message - Guru GRanth Sahib and so it talks about the classification ayt much bigger level </span></strong></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black">I you seems to confused I am giving you the different types of available defination and ways in which you can define species and undre each type the no of creature will be diffrent </span></strong></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">Typological species </span></strong></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">A group of organisms in which individuals are members of the species if they sufficiently conform to certain fixed properties. The clusters of variations or phenotypes within specimens (ie: longer and shorter tails) would differentiate the species. This method was used as a "classical" method of determining species, such as with Linnaeus early in evolutionary theory. However, we now know that different phenotypes do not always constitute different species (e.g.: a 4-winged Drosophila born to a 2-winged mother is not a different species). Species named in this manner are called <em>morphospecies</em>. </span></strong></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">Morphological species </span></strong></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">A population or group of populations that differs morphologically from other populations. For example, we can distinguish between a </span></strong><span style="color: black"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken" target="_blank"><strong><span style="color: blue">chicken</span></strong></a><strong> and a </strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck" target="_blank"><strong><span style="color: blue">duck</span></strong></a><strong> because they have different shaped bills and the duck has webbed feet. Species have been defined in this way since well before the beginning of recorded history. This species concept is much criticised because more recent genetic data reveals that genetically distinct populations may look very similar and, contrarily, large morphological differences sometimes exist between very closely-related populations. Nonetheless, most species known have been described solely from morphology. </strong></span></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">Biological / Isolation species </span></strong></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">A set of actually or potentially interbreeding populations. This is generally the most useful formulation for scientists working with living examples of the higher taxa like mammals, fish, and birds, but meaningless for </span></strong><span style="color: black"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisms" target="_blank"><strong><span style="color: blue">organisms</span></strong></a><strong> that do not reproduce sexually. It does not distinguish between the theoretical possibility of interbreeding and the actual likelihood of gene flow between populations and is thus impractical in instances of allopatric (geographically isolated) populations. The results of breeding experiments done in artificial conditions may or may not reflect what would happen if the same organisms encountered each other in the wild, making it difficult to gauge whether or not the results of such experiments are meaningful in reference to natural populations. </strong></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">Mate-recognition species </span></strong></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">A group of organisms that are known to recognise one another as potential mates. Like the isolation species concept above, it applies only to organisms that reproduce sexually. Unlike the isolation species concept, it focuses specifically on pre-mating reproductive isolation. </span></strong></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">Phylogenetic / Evolutionary / Darwinian species </span></strong></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">A group of organisms that shares an ancestor; a lineage that maintains its integrity with respect to other lineages through both time and space. At some point in the progress of such a group, members may diverge from one another: when such a divergence becomes sufficiently clear, the two populations are regarded as separate species. </span></strong></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">Microspecies </span></strong></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">Species that reproduce without </span></strong><span style="color: black"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis" target="_blank"><strong><span style="color: blue">meiosis</span></strong></a><strong> or </strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis" target="_blank"><strong><span style="color: blue">mitosis</span></strong></a><strong> so that each generation is genetically identical to the previous generation. See also </strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apomixis" target="_blank"><strong><span style="color: blue">apomixis</span></strong></a><strong>. </strong></span></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">Noe what doe the JUNEE or species as mentioned in Guru Granth Sahib means </span></strong></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">well as per my understandin g with the will od AKAL </span></strong></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">even a ROCK is a species ( which has no place in mordern classification )</span></strong></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">All the demigods and Devtas of hindu religion are also classified in it ( which has no place in mordern classification )</span></strong></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">All the Raksha and Apsaras (angels of hindu heaven ) are also included in species</span></strong></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">( which has no place in mordern classification )</span></strong></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">All the Jins and angels ( as acoording to islam there are two types of being visible and invisible . and Prophet Mohhamed said that Allah Craeted both jins and human jsut to serve him and they are diffretiate don bases of no of elements they are made of Jins I think has three elements )</span></strong></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">And there many others yet to be found and so Guru Granth is not Sectarian Message it is the message for whole the creation whether it is muslim Hindu or christian or even if it is invisible Creatures . so when God / Allah ? Akal </span></strong></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">talks it talks on much much bigger scale and wew humans find it difficult to mactch it and so is the confusion </span></strong></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Dear Imran If you query is sincere then GOD/ Allah/ Akal always provide yo the answer as it always provided to useless creatures like me I hope you also find answer to you r query </span></span></span></strong></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><strong><span style="color: black"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Your Brother </span></span></span></strong></p><p></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><strong><span style="color: black">Jatinder Singh</span></strong></span></span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="drkhalsa, post: 21514, member: 384"] [b]Re: 8.4 million speices ??[/b] [B][COLOR=black]Dear Imran [/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=black]Assalamualaikum[/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=black]I can see you are so eager to what does it mean by 8.4 million species as written in Guru Granth Sahib [/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=black]I was also similarly eager to answer you but just now got time with the will of Akal ( god)[/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=black]I will try to help you as much as i can with his will[/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=darkslateblue]now your first statement that there are 100 million species according to scientist [/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=black]Dear Friend you above statement is not correct to start with this the no of estimated species that is the wildest guess of scientist guess what is the [COLOR=red]no of species that have classified yet is 1.75 million in total .[/COLOR] for your reference i am quoting different scientific source[/COLOR][/B] [B][FONT=Arial Unicode MS][COLOR=black]Number of Species[/COLOR][/FONT][/B] [CENTER][B][COLOR=black]The Physics Factbook™[/COLOR][/B][COLOR=black] [B]Edited by Glenn Elert An educational, Fair Use website[/B][/COLOR] [/CENTER] [B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]Bibliographic Entry[/FONT][/COLOR][/B] [CENTER][B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]Result[/FONT][/COLOR][/B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana] [B](w/surrounding text)[/B][/FONT][/COLOR] [CENTER][B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]Standardized[/FONT][/COLOR][/B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana][/FONT][/COLOR][/CENTER][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana] [B]Result[/B][/FONT][/COLOR] [/CENTER] [B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]"Animal." [I]World Book Encyclopedia[/I]. 16 vols. Chicago: World Book, 2003.[/FONT][/COLOR][/B] [CENTER][B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]"So far scientists have named and classified more than 1 1/2 million animals. Over half of these are types of insects and other species are discovered each year. Scientists believe there may be from 2 million to as many as 50 million kinds of animals alive today."[/FONT][/COLOR][/B] [CENTER][B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]2 - 50 million[/FONT][/COLOR][/B][/CENTER] [/CENTER] [B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana][URL="http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/96anrl/intro.htm"][COLOR=blue]1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals[/COLOR][/URL]. The World Conservation Union (IUCN), 26 May 2003.[/FONT][/COLOR][/B] [CENTER][B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]"Furthermore, there are currently about 1.5 to 1.8 million named species, but it is estimated that the actual number of species in the world ranges from 5 to 10 million (May et al. 1995)."[/FONT][/COLOR][/B] [CENTER][B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]5 - 10 million[/FONT][/COLOR][/B][/CENTER] [/CENTER] [B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]Wolosz, Thomas. [URL="http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/thomas.wolosz/howmanysp.htm"][COLOR=blue]How Many Species are There[/COLOR][/URL]? Center for Earth & Environmental Sciences, SUNY at Plattsburgh, 1988.[/FONT][/COLOR][/B] [CENTER][B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]"The most commonly quoted estimate is somewhere between is somewhere between 30 and 50 millions based on Erwin's (1988,1997) study of tropical insects."[/FONT][/COLOR][/B] [CENTER][B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]30 - 50 million[/FONT][/COLOR][/B][/CENTER] [/CENTER] [B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana][URL="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/05/030526103731.htm"][COLOR=blue]Just How Many Species Are There, Anyway[/COLOR][/URL]? Society For Conservation Biology. 26 May 2003.[/FONT][/COLOR][/B] [CENTER][B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]" 'Right now we can only guess that the correct answer for the total number of species lies between 2 and 100 million,' says [Michael] Rosenzweig."[/FONT][/COLOR][/B] [CENTER][B][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]2 - 100 million[/FONT][/COLOR][/B][/CENTER] [/CENTER] [B][COLOR=black]Taxonomy is a science that directly involves classifying animals, plants, and other organisms into groups of similar characteristics. Scientists have tried for many decades to name and accurately classify all of the species on earth. In order to classify living organisms into groups or families of similar characteristics they follow a method created by Carolus Linnaeus, which provides a two-word Latin name for the species. In his system of classification, the first word is the genus name and the second is usually an adjective describing a particular characteristic, also known as the species name. A species name is given with respect to different external characteristics the organism may possess due to interbreeding. An organism's species name is sometimes referred to as a sub-division of its genus characteristics.[/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=black]Currently, scientists have named and successfully classified over 1.5 million species. It is estimated that there are as little as 2 million to as many as 50 million more species that have not yet been found and/or have been incorrectly classified. Estimates vary from scientist to scientist because it is close to impossible to truly know whether there are any more species living that are not by the tip of the scientists' noses. As fields such as microbiology progress, scientists of taxonomy become more capable of accurately classifying species of the past and present.[/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=black]Due to the loss of species and biodiversity scientists are not able to catch up with the rate at which the species are leaving the ecosystem. This loss of biodiversity is usually directly linked with deforestation. Specialists believe that, at the current rate of extinction, during the course of the next half-century one-third of all organisms will be lost.[/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=black]Felix Nisimov -- 2003[/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=black]Actually your query could be just finished here but I would prefer to solve this problem even to further level as the message of Gurugranth is valid till trinity so atleast i should give you answer for coming few thousand year to come [/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=black]Now the thing is the word species you are equating with word JUNEE OR JANAM as mentioned in Guru GRanth sahib is not the exactly same [/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=black]Darwin who has done the major work in the classification and other theories of the Species was born in 18 century somewhat in first decade and Our first Guru Ji walked the on the Earth in 15 century so he has used this word well before darwin was ever born is essentially not the same and cant be the same [/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=black]Because as Understanding given to me by AKAL Guru granth Talk of infinite earths and Planets and so it teven incude the so called species of all the possible Universes so it is big big classification and also include the things you can see even ( i will explain this later )[/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=black]so darwin theory and mordern classifivcation is just baby play of God (AKAL) who has sent this message - Guru GRanth Sahib and so it talks about the classification ayt much bigger level [/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=black]I you seems to confused I am giving you the different types of available defination and ways in which you can define species and undre each type the no of creature will be diffrent [/COLOR][/B] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]Typological species [/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]A group of organisms in which individuals are members of the species if they sufficiently conform to certain fixed properties. The clusters of variations or phenotypes within specimens (ie: longer and shorter tails) would differentiate the species. This method was used as a "classical" method of determining species, such as with Linnaeus early in evolutionary theory. However, we now know that different phenotypes do not always constitute different species (e.g.: a 4-winged Drosophila born to a 2-winged mother is not a different species). Species named in this manner are called [I]morphospecies[/I]. [/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]Morphological species [/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]A population or group of populations that differs morphologically from other populations. For example, we can distinguish between a [/COLOR][/B][COLOR=black][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken"][B][COLOR=blue]chicken[/COLOR][/B][/URL][B] and a [/B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck"][B][COLOR=blue]duck[/COLOR][/B][/URL][B] because they have different shaped bills and the duck has webbed feet. Species have been defined in this way since well before the beginning of recorded history. This species concept is much criticised because more recent genetic data reveals that genetically distinct populations may look very similar and, contrarily, large morphological differences sometimes exist between very closely-related populations. Nonetheless, most species known have been described solely from morphology. [/B][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]Biological / Isolation species [/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]A set of actually or potentially interbreeding populations. This is generally the most useful formulation for scientists working with living examples of the higher taxa like mammals, fish, and birds, but meaningless for [/COLOR][/B][COLOR=black][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisms"][B][COLOR=blue]organisms[/COLOR][/B][/URL][B] that do not reproduce sexually. It does not distinguish between the theoretical possibility of interbreeding and the actual likelihood of gene flow between populations and is thus impractical in instances of allopatric (geographically isolated) populations. The results of breeding experiments done in artificial conditions may or may not reflect what would happen if the same organisms encountered each other in the wild, making it difficult to gauge whether or not the results of such experiments are meaningful in reference to natural populations. [/B][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]Mate-recognition species [/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]A group of organisms that are known to recognise one another as potential mates. Like the isolation species concept above, it applies only to organisms that reproduce sexually. Unlike the isolation species concept, it focuses specifically on pre-mating reproductive isolation. [/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]Phylogenetic / Evolutionary / Darwinian species [/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]A group of organisms that shares an ancestor; a lineage that maintains its integrity with respect to other lineages through both time and space. At some point in the progress of such a group, members may diverge from one another: when such a divergence becomes sufficiently clear, the two populations are regarded as separate species. [/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]Microspecies [/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]Species that reproduce without [/COLOR][/B][COLOR=black][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis"][B][COLOR=blue]meiosis[/COLOR][/B][/URL][B] or [/B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis"][B][COLOR=blue]mitosis[/COLOR][/B][/URL][B] so that each generation is genetically identical to the previous generation. See also [/B][URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apomixis"][B][COLOR=blue]apomixis[/COLOR][/B][/URL][B]. [/B][/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]Noe what doe the JUNEE or species as mentioned in Guru Granth Sahib means [/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]well as per my understandin g with the will od AKAL [/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]even a ROCK is a species ( which has no place in mordern classification )[/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]All the demigods and Devtas of hindu religion are also classified in it ( which has no place in mordern classification )[/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]All the Raksha and Apsaras (angels of hindu heaven ) are also included in species[/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]( which has no place in mordern classification )[/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]All the Jins and angels ( as acoording to islam there are two types of being visible and invisible . and Prophet Mohhamed said that Allah Craeted both jins and human jsut to serve him and they are diffretiate don bases of no of elements they are made of Jins I think has three elements )[/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]And there many others yet to be found and so Guru Granth is not Sectarian Message it is the message for whole the creation whether it is muslim Hindu or christian or even if it is invisible Creatures . so when God / Allah ? Akal [/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]talks it talks on much much bigger scale and wew humans find it difficult to mactch it and so is the confusion [/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [B][COLOR=black][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Dear Imran If you query is sincere then GOD/ Allah/ Akal always provide yo the answer as it always provided to useless creatures like me I hope you also find answer to you r query [/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=black][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Your Brother [/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/B] [SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman][B][COLOR=black]Jatinder Singh[/COLOR][/B][/FONT][/SIZE] [/QUOTE]
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