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Sabd in Various Religions

Dalvinder Singh Grewal

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Historian
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Jan 3, 2010
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Sabd in Various Religions
Dr Dalvinder Singh Grewal

dalvinder45@yahoo.co.in, 09815366726
Sabd has been the cause of attention in various religions in various word forms. Sabd is considered as God Himself; both as written or spoken word; as Name of God (Naam). God’s Order (Hukum), Divine Musical Hymn (Bani), Divine Music (Anhad Naad), Knowledge (Gyan), Divine Light, Emancipator and Guru.
Spiritually, the term "Sabd" has a much deeper significance, quite different from its commonly accepted meaning. Almost all the religions have accepted Sabd as pertaining to God in one form or the other. All the religions accept that before its manifestation, there was no form whatsoever; nor was there any sun nor moon nor sky nor earth, for then the Sabd existed by itself in a formless state.

In the New Testament, we often find translations such as: ‘In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God’(John 1:1) or ‘And the Word was made flesh’ (John 1:14)

However, as is indicated by the capitalization of Word, we must strive to understand the true meaning of this metaphor. In Greek the text uses the term logos, while the corresponding Aramaic text uses the term miltha. The root of logos points toward two basic meanings:1) something spoken aloud, or 2) intention, command, declaration, decree. Similarly, the root of miltha points toward two basic meanings:1) something spoken aloud, or 2) manifestation, cause.

In a similar manner, the book of Genesis says:’And God said, Let there be light: and there was light’. (Genesis 1:3) The term translated as said is the Hebrew 'amar which has two basic meanings: 1) something spoken aloud, or 2) command, promise, intention.

Similarly, the Qur'an says: ‘To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earth; when He decreeth a matter He saith to it: "Be"; and it is.’ (al-baqarah 2:117)

Hinduism
The Hindu saints describe it as Mool (the root cause). It is the vital principle immanent in every form and permeating all, the visible and the invisible. It is the Causeless Cause, the eternal self-existing life, running endlessly in and out of time. It is the very soul of the Creative Power, all pervading even to the purely spiritual realm - Sat Lok. In the Hindu scriptures, it is described as the essence of ether, which goes to show that it is more subtle than ether and is all-pervading. The Upanishad sages have described it as "Pranav" or that which can be heard through the pranic vibrations, without the help of tongue, lips and palate, for it is reverberating of itself in and out of space. Its presence, in fact, is felt in the union of matter and spirit, for every union implies vibration and vibration is caused by Sabd or Sound-the active life-permeating all space, nay receding far back into Itself; for God too is described as "Sabd," as the Power of God (Sabd) is not distinct and separate from God: God and Godhood (God-in-action) always go together. According to Chandogya Upanishad, “the yogi takes the support of the Word (for salvation)”.

Jainism:
According to Shri Sutra Nandi of Jainism: hearing the Sound resembling that of the conch and witnessing the Lotus Light like that of a newly blossomed flower between the two eyebrows, one faces his Ishta, the Satguru. The aspirant is enjoined to sit in solitude and meditate with a single-pointed attention, on the Maha Mantra of Panch parmesti and to perceive the light.[1]

Doctrine of Logos
The doctrine of Logos of the ancient Greek as adopted by Christians later, the Word is the creative, actively expressed and revelatory thought and Will of God which is at once distinguished and identified with Him. The Divine Name, Word or Sabd, as used by Sri Guru Granth Sahib, from the philosophical point of view, comes very close to the concept of the Logos in the ancient European Philosophy. It has a great similarity with the doctrine of the Logos as propounded by Philo Judaes, a Jew, who lived in Alexandria in the first-half of first century B.C. and first-half of first century A.D. Word is the immanent Rational Principle in the universe, and it is the active principle in all divine and esoteric knowledge. The Logos is the Reality of all realities underlying the whole universe. It is the First Substance from which everything has its origin.

The Logos is an aspect of One Being. It stands between the Absolute Being and the contingent beings. It stands in closest relation to God’s knowledge. It is the consciousness of God. Through it, the universe is brought to manifestation. It is God conceived as the self-revealing principle of the Universe –God manifesting Himself in the form of Universal Consciousness. This doctrine of the Logos was further developed by the Egyptian born Roman Philosopher Plotinus (205 – 270 A.D.), whose philosophic rendition is known as Nous, meaning rational mind, according to which the Logos appears as the creative and form-giving aspect of intelligence.

Doctrine of Unity of Existence
God is the Rational Principle, the First and the Highest Intellect and is regarded as the World Reason. The Sufi Philosopher, Muhiyuddin Ibn-al-Arabi (1165 – 1240 A.D.), who propounded the doctrine of Wahdat-al-Wajud, Unity of Existence, relied on Logos, the Word, and combined it within his ideology, among other things, the Rational Principle of Philo, the First and the Highest Intellect and God as the World Reason of the Nous of Plotinus and the Universal Reason of the Stoics. Stoics were the members of the School founded by the Greek Philosopher, Zeno in Athens in 308 B.C. This School believed and taught that the wise man should be free from passion, un-subdued by joy or grief, and should manifest indifference to pleasure or pain.


Doctrine of Perfect Man


In Zoroastrianism it is called Sraosha. Originated from ‘Shr’, it can be equated to shruti of Sanskrit as well as to the Word or Logos.[2] Saosha means to listen. This relates to internal sound; to anhad naad which can be heard by a ‘Perfect Man’ only. According to Ibn-al-Arabi, the Logos is not only an aspect of the transcendent Deity above the Universe, but also the immanent Rational Principle in the universe. He also calls it the Reality of Perfect Man (Brahm Gyani). The Logos becomes the immanent instrument, and even at times the personal agency, through which the rational creative activity of the transcendent God is exerted upon the world. So the Divine Name, or Word, is the Logos through which God creates. It is also the embodiment of Divine Wisdom.

Doctrine of Creative Activity
The Logos is the creative activity through which God becomes conscious of Himself. This consciousness, according to Ibn-al-Arabi, reaches its highest point in the Perfect Man in whom the object of creation, that is, the desire of God to be known, is realized and it is in the Perfect Man that God knows Himself perfectly. The mystical aspect of the Logos is that Universal Principle which finds its fullest manifestation in the class of men coming under the terms prophets and saints. According to Ibn al-Arabi each prophet is a Logos which manifests a particular attribute of the Reality. The prophets are called Logos and they are united in one Universal Principle which acts through all rational beings. It is the active principle in all revelations and inspirations.

Judaism & Christianity
The Jewish and Christian scriptures abound with references to the Word as the creative aspect of God, and as the means by which He is reached. In the very beginning of the Bible we read: In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth and God said, Let there be light, and there was light. (Genesis1.) This is elaborated by St. John as follows: In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. The same was in the beginning with God. All things were made by him; and without him was not anything made that was made. In him was life; and the life was the light of men. And the light shined in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not. . . . That was the true Light, which lightest every man that cometh into the world . . . And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father), full of grace and truth. (John 1: 1-5, 9, 14)
Christ further explained the initiatory aspect of the Word in one of his most famous parables -------The sewer soweth the Word. And these are they by the way side, where the Word is sown; but when they have heard, Satan cometh immediately, and taketh away the Word that was sown in their hearts. And these are they likewise which are sown on stony ground; who and when they have heard the Word, immediately receive it with gladness; and have no root in themselves, and so endure for a time: afterward, when affliction or persecution arises for the Word's sake, immediately they are offended. And these are they which are sown among thorns; such as hear the Word, and the cares of this world, and the deceitfulness of riches, and the lusts of other things entering in, choke the Word, and it become unfruitful. And these are they which are sown on good ground; such as hear the Word and receive it, and bring forth fruit, some thirty fold, some sixty, and some a hundred.

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. The same was in the beginning with God. All things were made by Him: and without Him was not anything made that was made. In Him was life; and life was the light of men. (John1:1-5)
Bible Psalms & Proverbs
  • By the "Word of the Lord was the heavens made . . . For him spake and it was done. (Psalm 33:6, 9).​
  • Forever, O Lord, thy Word is settled in heaven. . . . Thy Word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light unto my path. (Psalm 119:89, 105).​
  • The name of the Lord is a strong tower; the righteous rennet into it and is safe. (Proverbs 18:10).​
  • The grass withereth, the flower fadeth, but the Word of our God shall stand forever. (Isaiah 40:8)​
  • Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every Word that proceeded out of the mouth of God. (Matthew 4:4).​
  • The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit. (John 3:8)​
  • Verily, verily I say unto you, he that heareth my Word, and believeth on him that sent me, hath ever-lasting life and shall not come into condemnation; but is passed from death unto life. (John 5:24).​
  • Now ye are clean through the Word which I have spoken unto you. (John 15:3).​
  • I have manifested thy Name unto the men which thou gavest me out of the world . . . I have given them thy Word . . . (John 17:6,14)​
  • Sanctify them through thy truth; thy Word is truth. (John 17:17)​
  • Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the Word of his power .(Hebrews 1:3)​
  • For the Word of God is quick (living), and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart. (Hebrews 4:12)​
  • Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness, and receive with meekness the engrafted Word, which is able to save your souls. (James 1:21)​
  • Being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the Word of God, which lives and abides forever. (I Peter 1:23)​
Christian Saints

The scriptural references further explain this thought: ‘Those in whom the eternal Word speaks are delivered from uncertainty. From one Word proceed all things and all things tell of Him. Love the Word better than the world’. (The Imitation of Christ.)

‘The Word of God became man that you also may learn from a man how a man becomes a God’. (Clement of Alexandria.)

‘For all whatsoever has life, lives in the Speaking Word, the Angels in the Eternal Speaking and the temporal spirits in the re-expression or echoing forth of the formings of time, out of the sound or breath of Time and the angels out of the Sound of Eternity, viz., out of the Voice of the Manifested Word of God’. (Mysterium Magnum.)
Islam
The Muslim divines call it Jauhar (essence). The essence of Sabd is Pure Consciousness. It is the active life-principle of the whole creation. It is the Guiding and Controlling Power behind all that exists. All manifestation is the result of Sabd and without it nothing exists. It is the very life-essence of everything.

Among the Muslim Sufis, various orders include Sultan-ul-Azkar (the king of prayers) and Saut-i-Sarmadi, (the Divine Song) also called Kalam-i-qadim (the Ancient Sound), and the Kalma or "Word," Nida-e-Asmani (the Sound coming down from Heaven). The fourteen Tabaqs (regions) were made by the Kalma - the Word.

Power of the Word as Scientifically tested
The power of the word is immense. Here we have an experiment recorded by a researcher Masaroo Emoto. “During the process of sampling and photographing different kinds of water, it seemed to me that the quality of the ice-crystals depended on more than just whether it was natural or tap water. I came up with a hypothesis: "Water shows different shapes of ice crystals depending on the information it has received." I was certain that the difference in ice-crystal formation was not due solely to the presence or absence of chlorine but to the other information affecting it.

To test this, I put the water into two glass bottles. On one bottle, I pasted a label typed, "Thank you," and on the other, "You fool," in such a way that water would be able to "read" them. The water in both bottles was the same. I then froze the water in each bottle.

The results were more than supportive of my theory; the water in the bottle with "Thank you" formed beautiful hexagonal crystals, while the one with "You fool" had only fragments of crystals.

If water collects information and its crystals reflect those characteristics, it means that the quality of water changes based on the information it receives. In other words, the information we give water changes its quality.

I was more motivated than ever to study water, and at the same time, I started to think about how people would be able to become happy with good water. As this experiment convinced me that my theory was correct, we then began to give water various information, freeze it, and photograph the crystals. The results were interesting.

We consistently found that water responded to positive words by forming beautiful crystals. As if it wanted to express its joyous feeling, the crystals opened up like a flower. In contrast, when the water was shown negative words, it did not form crystals.

For example, when we showed water the word "happiness," it formed crystals with well-balanced shapes like beautifully cut diamonds. On the other hand, water exposed to the word "unhappiness" resulted in broken and unbalanced crystals. That water seemed to have tried hard to form crystals, but it exhausted its strength and crashed, happiness slipping away from it.

We continued to show a pair of opposite words to the same water, "well done" versus "no good," "like" versus "dislike," "power" versus "powerlessness," "angel" versus "devil," and "peace" versus "war." Water formed crystals only when it was shown the positive words.

Interestingly, water responded to foreign words in a similar but not exact manner as it did to Japanese words. Water formed beautiful crystals to all the words expressing gratitude all over the world, such as thank you (English), duoxie (Chinese), merci (French), danke (German), grazie (Italian), and kamusamunida (Korean).

Water seems to correctly understand the essence of what it was shown -- in this case, the feeling of gratitude -- and take the information in. Water didn't recognize the word it saw as a simple design; rather it understood the meaning of it. When water realized that the word contained good information, it formed crystals. Perhaps water is also capable of sensing the heart of the person who wrote the word.

As we were exposing water to lots of words and taking photographs of the resulting crystals, my eyes were glued to one photo, more beautiful than any other water crystal pictures I had seen. I was fascinated by its beauty.

The crystal was opened up as strongly as if a fully blossoming flower. It was as if the water was stretching its hands fully expressing its joy. The words we had shown the water were, "love and gratitude." Since then we have talked to water with many kind words, showed it beautiful pictures, and played wonderful healing music, but we have never again been able to take water-crystal pictures as beautiful as the one that resulted from showing water the words, "love and gratitude." To water, the words "love and gratitude" must be the best information.

The power of words is related to the fundamental force commonly known as energy, shakti, chi etc. variedly. As the energy of the universe is unfathomable so is the power of the word which is beyond words.[3]

Sikh Philosophy-Sabd- Guru-God-Name
In Sikhism, philosophically, an identity of spirit is clearly recognized, close but distinct from the concept of the Logos, between the Divine Name (Naam), and the Word of God, the spirit of the prophets and Gurus, and the Divine presence or the Light of God. According to Guru Nanak, the Divine Name (Nam), or the Word, which he also calls Sabd, is the Cause of the universe. It is the way of His expression. The phenomenal world is the attribute with which God is described. The Sikh saints call it the Name of the God and consider Sabd is the primal cause of both birth and dissolution. Both birth and death originate from Sabd, rebirth too is from Sabd.’(Majh M3, p.117)[4] All spiritual expression of divine knowledge by the Gurus is called ‘Sabd’, or ‘Bani’.

Cosmic Principle
The attributes of God can be found only in an outward expression or manifestation in the external world. Besides, it is through these attributes that God manifests His creative activities in the world. Therefore everything of this world is an aspect of the Divine Name, or the Word, to which it owes its existence. The Word, or the Divine Name, is the indwelling revealer of God. It is the cosmic Principle, the cause of all Creation and identified with the Holy Spirit and Creative Transformative Power of God. A Divine Name is the Divine Essence in one or the other of its infinite aspects. The Divine Essence is the One Universal Substance and is identical with Absolute Reality. The Divine Name, or Sabd, is identified with the presence of God which can be realized in one’s own consciousness.

Sabd as God
"Sabd" implies the Power of God that has created and is sustaining the various grand divisions, divisions and sub-divisions of the vast creation of God. It is a current from the ocean of consciousness and is characterized by sound-vibration, or in other words, it is a live and active principle which, emanating from God, is enlivening all creation. It is the instrument with which God creates controls and sustains His vast universe. It acts as a life-line between the Creator and His creation and serves as a golden bridge between the two. Divine currents, like the ethereal waves of a radio, are spread out in the atmosphere in all the directions of the compass, giving out delectable strains of music. We, however, cannot catch the ethereal vibrations and listen to the divine melody until we get in tune with the Infinite by adjusting our mental apparatus. Therefore we become etherealized more and more as we come in tune with the heavenly music.
Sabd as God in Various Roles
Sabd is considered as God the Creator, God; The Protector, Preserver and Developer and the God as Destroyer. In all the religious scriptures, "sabd" is stated to be the Creator of the Universe. The Vedas tell us that "Naad" brought into being fourteen Bhavans or regions. In the Koran, it is mentioned that "Kalma" created fourteen tabaqs or divisions. St. John, in his Gospel, has written that "Word" is the root cause of the creation. The sacred Sikh scriptures also tell that God created the universe with single word and expanded it through reverberations.

Unanimity in Religions
All the religious books, including the Vedas describe "Sabd" as the primal manifest form of God. Sama Veda-Sabd is Brahm and "Silence" too is Brahm. Brahm alone is vibrating everywhere. The Mohammedan divines tell us that the world owes its very life and existence to Sabd. Word ‘kunn’ is the essence of Islamic creation. Prophet Mohammed said that he heard the "Voice of God" as any other sound. Shamas Tabrez says: World came into being through Saut (Sabd or Sound). And from Saut spread all light. Abdul Razaq Kashi tells us: The Great Name (ism-i-azam) is the very essence and life of all names. Its manifested form (Sabd) is supporting the entire creation; it is great sea in which we all appear as waves. He who belongs to our order alone can understand this mystery. Sri Guru Granth Sahib tells us: The Sabd is God’s; God in Sabd Himself. [5]

References
[1] Shri Sutra Nandi, From Suttagame Part II, by Puppha Bhikoo (1954 edition, p.1064
[2] Duncan Greenlees, Gospel of Zoroathustra, Philosophical Publishing House, Adyar, Madras, 1951, p.4.
[3] S. Barber, Conscious Water: Power of Prayer Made Visible, Masaroo Emto, Spirit of Maat from (“Messages from Water” is a photo collection that was originally published in 1999), Aug 1, 2000
[4] auqpiq prlau sbdY hovy, sbdhu hI iPr Epq hovY[[ (mwJ mhlw 3, pMnw 117:8)
[5]ਤੇਰਾ ਸਬਦੁ ਤੂੰਹੈ ਹਹਿ ਆਪੇ ਆਪੇ ਭਰਮੁ ਕਹਾਹੀ ॥ (ਮਃ 3 ਪੰਨਾ 162:10)
 
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Dalvinder Singh Grewal

Writer
Historian
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Jan 3, 2010
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Sabd-Guru-An Introduction
Dr Dalvinder Singh Grewal

dalvinder45@yahoo.co.in, 09815366726​

Year 2008 was very special for the Sikhs globally. They are celebrating the tercentennial of installation of Holy Granth as the Guru of Sikhs. Sri Guru Granth Sahib, is alternatively known as Sabd Guru; the Sabd (word) as the Guru (the master). Sabd-Guru is not a terminology suddenly emerged. The concept of sabd guru had been propounded by Guru Nanak, reaffirmed by his successor Gurus and finally authenticated by the fifth Guru, Arjan Dev once he compiled it and installed it at Sri Harimandir Sahib and venerated it more than himself. Not only in Sikhism, but in all other religions sabd, word, logos or its equivalent and relative terminologies have been given equal veneration globally, hence it has global significance.

Guru Nanak has explained sabd in Japuji and Sidh Gosht. In 38th stanza of Japuji, Guru Nanak describes the making of sabd: “Let continence be your workshop, patience the goldsmith, intellect the anvil and knowledge the hammer; let fear (of God) be the bellows, sincere effort he fire and His love the crucible wherein the nectar ‘Naam’ is melted and therefrom the sabd is coined.”[1] In this stanza Guru Nanak indicates the Sabd, Naam and the God on the same platform.

In Sidh Gosht, Guru Nanak explains this in the form of question and answer. The question is:” Who is your Guru; of whom are you the disciple?’[2] The reply is: The holy word is the Guru and by controlling the intellect with devoted meditation and I am its disciple.[3] Here sabd is given the clear status of Guru.

‘Whats’ and ‘whys’ of Sabd, guru, sabd-guru; importance of sabd-guru and special place of Sabd-Guru for the Sikhs are very important to understand in this context.

Meaning of Sabd

fontIn general we take meaning of Sabd as sound (awaz), word (akhar), talk (kalam), name (Ism), essence (zameer), spoken word (bachan), exposition (wazahat), clarity (sarahat), expression (izhar), speech (taqrir), etc. From grammatical point of view, Sabd means a word, hymn or rendering. From linguistic point, Sabd is a composition of sounds. The sound means depicting a thing or a naad (tune). The Vedas tell us that "naad" brought into being fourteen bhavans or regions of the universe. In the Quran, it is mentioned that "kalma" created fourteen tabaqs or divisions. St. John, in his Gospel, has written that "Word" is the root cause of the creation.

In Mahan Kosh Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha gives the meaning of Sabd as 1. Tune; Sound; Sabd (Dhun(i); Awaz; Sur) 2.Word; stanza; discussion 3. Knower of the God. (Brahm Gyata) 4. Teachings of the master (Gurupdesh) 5. The God, the Creator (Brahm, Kartaar) 6. Religion (Dharm; Mazhab) 7. Message (Paigham; Suneha) 8. Stanza (The stanzas of various saints) 9.The working life (karmic jeevan) 10. Meaning or purpose of the word (Vachya arth; sabd da maksad).[4]
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Etymologically Sabd is made of two word-sounds: ‘S’ and ‘bd’. S or ‘svai’ means self, (‘hau’+‘mai’ also combined to be spoken as ‘haumai’) and ‘bd’ means to kill, finish or end. Sabd thus means ‘to kill, finish or end haumai’.
1760010779079.jpg

Guru Nanak has explained: “eradicating of haumai with Sabd in Sidh Gosht.”[5] He says: “In egotism, the world was formed; forgetting the Naam, it suffers and dies. One who becomes Gurmukh contemplates the essence of spiritual wisdom through the Sabd and he burns away his egotism.”[6] Eradicating egotism and individualism from within, and erasing duality, the mortal becomes one with God[7]. Without the Sabd, the essence does not come and the thirst of egotism does not depart.[8] The Guru's Sabd abides within the mind, and egotism is eliminated from within.[9]

Haumai is the one which detaches the being from God. Haumai is the darkness which does not allow the being to see the God, the true light and put up effort to be one with Him. It does not allow the being to meditate on the God. Guru removes this darkness of haumai with Sabd. Sabd thus depicts the removal of haumai, the darkness; it thus becomes Guru; gu+ru, the remover of darkness. It depicts the God, the giver of light; the light that is God. Sabd thus is personified as God, Guru and a being. Sabd has been so described in Indian literature. In English it is ‘word’ and in Latin it is ‘logos’. However in Sikhism, it has very deeper spiritual connotation as compared to other religious scriptures. Sabd in Sri Guru Granth Sahib has the connotations as God, Hukum (Order) of the God received by Sat(i)gur, Guru Mantar, Gurbani etc[10].

The Holy Granth describes ‘the Sabd’ implicitly. Before the creation, sabd (as God) existed in its latent form and as such had no name. In this state, It was something completely established in Itself and was thus known as Asabd (sound-less), Anaam (nameless), Alakh (non-understandable), Agam (inconceivable), Akah(i) (unutterable) and Akath (indescribable). When it came into manifestation, It was called "Sabd" or "naam". Sabd when hidden was anaam; when in manifestation it became Naam.

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The unwritten or sound sabd or Name is of two types: Firstly we have the attributive names of the Supreme Reality, such as, Hari, Govind, Ram, Haq, Rahim, etc. Secondly, the names brought to the world out of empirical studies, observation of nature, or experience of great prophets, such as, the Name "Om" in the Upanishads, ‘Ahura Mazda’ in the Zend Avastha or Tao of Lao Tzu. Wahiguru, Sat(i)nam and Onkar are immensely evocative and highly esteemed in the Sikh scriptures.

Whatever is spoken or heard, written or read is Sabd. It reveals the real nature of things and explains the hidden reality or mystery thereof. The Sabd is the revelation by God and the True guidance for a being to perform. The word of God is a lighted lamp in the darkness of ignorance which helps in self realization. It is in this context that the scriptures of various religions have the clear references to the basic common factor, the Divine Light as the only means for creation and maintenance of the universe and the regeneration of mankind.
Purpose of sabd is to reach a state where thought is absent. Its scope lies in not allowing yourself to be moved by any form of allurement. Its nature is stillness and its activating agent is wisdom.[11]
Sabd has been the cause of attention in various religions in various word forms. Almost all the religions have accepted Sabd as pertaining to God in one form of other. Sabd is considered as God Himself, Sabd as written word, Sabd as Name of God (Naam), Sabd as Sound, Sabd as Guru, etc. in all the religious scriptures, "Sabd" is stated to be the root instrument of creation, development and the regeneration of the universe.

According to the doctrine of Logos, as propounded by Philo Judaes, a Jew, who lived in Alexandria in the first-half of first century B.C. and first-half of first century A.D., the Word is the creative, actively expressed and revelatory thought and Will of God which is at once distinguished and identified with Him. It is the immanent Rational Principle in the universe, and it is the active principle in all divine and esoteric knowledge. The Logos is the Reality of all realities underlying the whole universe. It is the First Substance from which everything has its origin.

Gurbani has used Sabd as written as well as unwritten in the form of sound. Sri Guru Granth Sahib is the written Word while recitation of God’s Name is sound word. In the sound form it is taken to mean dhun, naad, bani etc.
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From the theological point of view; Sri Guru Granth Sahib relates Sabd to ‘The God’ ‘Order of God’, ‘Guru’, ‘Religion’, ‘God’s word given by Guru’ and ‘gurbani’. From the above the implications of word are given below:
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Everything from beginning to end exists in Sabd. The physical elements, the subtle and ethereal powers and vibrations, the causal seeds and essences, one and all are from Sabd and nothing but Sabd personified. We live and have our very being in Sabd and ultimately dissolve into Sabd. All the scriptures of the world tell us that Sabd is above the material and efficient cause and All-Controlling Power of the Universe. He is all in all Himself and revels in His creation by supporting it by Sabd.[12] In speaking, in seeing and in words, one must remain immersed in the Sabd.[13]

Guru

Etymologically the word Guru is composed of two terms-gu- means darkness and ru- meaning Light. The word Guru thus means from darkness to light or from ignorance to enlightenment. The term 'Guru' in Sikhism is not used for a teacher or a guide or an expert or even a human body but as a spiritual guide who enlightens the mind toward the God and guide one to be in union with the God.


Meanings
- 1. Sweet forms of sugar (Gud, Siahkand) 2. to put up effort, to kill, to damage, to raise (yatan karna; udam karna; maarna; nuksaan karna; ubharna; ucha karna) 3. Originated from ‘gri’ root meaning to gulp and teach; Guru is the one who eats ignorance and explains the knowledge of the matter to the learner. (Guru sabd gri dhatoo ton bania hai. Is de do arth han; niglna te samjhauna. Jo agyan nun kha janda hai ate Sikh nun tatt gyan samjhaunda hai uh guru hai) (Mahan Kosh).[14]

Sabd-Guru
Sabd-Guru has a special connotation is Sikhism. Sabd is considered as Guru in Sri Guru Granth Sahib, Sabd and Guru are interconnected. The word is Guru; the Guru is the word; the word contains all nectars[15]. The Sabd is the Guru, to carry one across the terrifying world-ocean.[16] Darkness is removed from the body by the light of lamp of Guru’s Sabd. Sabd is the Guru and Peer; the serious guide with depth of knowledge; this is why the entire universe is madly seeking the Sabd.[17]

Guru is the one who gives gyan through sabd and enlightens the true disciple, a Gurmukh removing darkness of ignorance and salvaging through Naam. When the sabd is itself considered as Guru, the repertoire of gyan, the enlightening and salvaging process starts with the Sabd Guru.

Sabd Guru Gyan Naam Naad (Anhad) Enlightenment Salvation Gurmukh

Guru Granth Sahib
as Sabd-Guru

In the Sikh context Sabd Guru refers to the sacred compositions of the Gurus and the holy saints and sufis incorporated in the Scriptures Sri Guru Granth Sahib.[18] Guru Gobind Singh anointed Sabd-Guru as the ever living guru of the Sikhs. Passing of Guruship to Sabd Guru rather than to a Guru in living body form was not just a sudden thought by Guru Gobind Singh. All the Gurus themselves advocated Sabd as Guru and emulated it so. They considered that the sabd is the real guide, the guru and not the body which is merely an instrument to deliver word. A scripture too is an instrument of delivering the word, hence is equally important. The essence is that the sabd alone is guru and not its bodily forms. The follower of the guru has to follow the sabd and not the body activity or form. One has to have faith in the word and follow it up truly if one wants to get enlightened. These facts are available in Guru Granth Sahib and the other contemporary records.

All the Gurus considered sabd as the supreme path provider and the true spiritual guide. Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru passed on Guruship to Sri Guru Granth Sahib, the Sabd Guru.[19]

The Sabd Guru; Sri Guru Granth Sahib is thus the True Guru of Sikhs. All Sikhs are urged to follow the Guru’s teaching as recorded in Sri Guru Granth Sahib. They must realize the spirit of Sabd through reading or through Sadh Sangat; the congregation of the holy Sikhs in the presence of Sri Guru Granth Sahib. If they follow the teaching of Sabd as understand through the congregation of holy; the Sadh Sangat, and mould their life according to Sabd Guru; they shall surely be redeemed. It is futile to hanker after the mortals who use the Sabd Guru to maintain their status and to gain power and pelf. [20] The congregation of the holy (Sadh sangat)is the instrument of delivery of the sabd.

Sri Guru Granth Sahib is thus the supreme religious Sikh scripture. It is now venerated as the printed Word on 1430 full scale pages and revered as Guru. These Words are the hymns of 6 Gurus, (Guru Nanak, Guru Angad, Guru Amar Das, Guru Ram Das, Guru Arjan and Guru Tegh Bahadur) and great Hindu and Muslim saints of the twelfth century to seventeenth century A.D. The hymns are in lyrical form i.e., in 31 chosen Ragas and 29 Raginis making a great variety of 70 rag-raginis but all blended ina harmonious way. The teachings of Guru Granth Sahib are natural and spontaneous. They have nothing ritualistic; whatever is taught is directly appealing and applicable without any difficulty. It is easily understood even by the commoner and practiced by all without any barrier of caste and religion.

Gurbani is a living rhythm imparted through Sanga. Bani in Guru Granth Sahib is the creative force of the infinite rhythm. It has the permutation and the combination when recited it creates the internal rhythm of the body and the being.

The words of Sri Guru Granth Sahib are all practical and lived through by the Gurus and saints themselves. They are soul-stirring, guiding to spiritual heights and attainment of the Ultimate. Bhai Sahib Harbhajan Singh Khalsa Yogi found, “Sri Guru Granth Sahib as the matchless Divine Treasure of synthetic embrace of the whole global community and a paradise of spiritual harmony.” Pear S Buck studied the scriptures of all great religions, but “did not find elsewhere the same power of appeal to the heart and mind as in Sri Guru Granth Sahib.”

The power and projection of the sound current in the sabds of Guru Granth Sahib are in Ragas. These Ragas are a methodology of harmonious play of life force. The blessings of Sri Guru Granth Sahib nurture in trees, humans, bees and birds, demons and angels alike. It is a song celestial which sings the glory of the sole god in one harmonious melody from the beginning to end. Once the honeybees sat on a branch to create the honey and tape the Gurbani was played at a distance constantly. That beehive gave three times the honey of the other hives.

Guru Granth is matchless divine treasure of synthetic embrace of the whole global community; Sri Guru Granth Sahib is a paradise of spiritual harmony. True integration, harmony and unity can only usher in, or a solid foundation of love. This love stands out beautifully harmoniously synthetically in its pristine purity and glory in Sri Guru Granth Sahib where the hymns-celestial of divine lovers of different religion, faith, creed are enshrined in one religion of Love, in brotherhood on man and in sole father hood of God. So Guru Granth Sahib flows and glows the salvation of humanity.[21]

Sri Guru Granth Sahib is thus about the universe and for the universe and has the applicability for people from all walks of life globally. This universality aspect needs to be expounded and propagated further so that the message of Guru Granth Sahib reaches all the corners of the world, is understood and applied to make the world a better living.

Keeping in view, the above aspects, Sabd is discussed as in various religions in general and in Sikhism in particular in its various forms as God, God’s Order (Hukum), and Guru. A Gurmukh’s salvation process by the guru is also considered through God’s Name (Naam), Divine Musical Hymn (Bani), Divine Music (Anhad Naad), Knowledge (Gyan), Divine Light (Jyot). Sri Guru Granth Sahib is thereafter discussed as Sabd Guru- as a Word revealed, as Record of Origin of Universe, its history of Installation, Doctrines, Concepts and Theories, its Universal Relevance. Finally how the word is expounded through Sadh Sangat and Khalsa are given out.
References
ਜਤ ਪਾਹਾਰਾ ਧੀਰਜ ਸੁਨਿਆਰੁ।। ਅਹਰਣਿ ਮਤਿ ਵੇਦੁ ਹਥਿਆਰੁ।।
ਭਉ ਖਲਾ ਅਗਨਿ ਤਪ ਤਾਉ।। ਭਾਂਡਾ ਭਾਉ ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ ਤਿਤੁ ਢਾਲੁ।।
ਘੜੀਐ ਸਬਦੁ ਸਚੀ ਟਕਸਾਲ।।(ਜਪੁਜੀ ਮਹਲਾ 1, ਪੰਨਾ.8) (ਝੳਪੁਜi ੰ 1: 8)
ਤੇਰਾ ਕਵਣੁ ਗੁਰੂਜਿਸ ਕਾ ਤੂ ਚੇਲਾ ॥ ((ਰਾਮਕਲੀ ਮਹਲਾ 1, ਪੰਨਾ, 943:11)
ਸਬਦੁ ਗੁਰੂ ਸੁਰਤਿ ਸੁਰਤਿ ਧੁਨਿ ਚੇਲਾ ॥ ((ਰਾਮਕਲੀ ਮਹਲਾ 1, ਪੰਨਾ, 943:11)
ੰੳਹੳਨ ਖੋਸਹ, ਂੳਟiੋਨੳਲ ਭੋੋਕ ਸ਼ਹੋਪ, ਂੲਾ ਧੲਲਹi, 1985 ੲਦਨ, ਪ.46
ਸ਼ਘਘਸ਼, ਸ਼ਦਿਦਹ ਘੋਸਟ ੰ 1, ਪ.943-945.
ਹਉਮੈ ਵਿਚਿ ਜਗੁ ਉਪਜੈ ਪੁਰਖਾ ਨਾਮਿ ਵਿਸਰਿਐ ਦੁਖੁ ਪਾਈ ॥
ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਹੋਵੈ ਸੁ ਗਿਆਨੁ ਤਤੁ ਬੀਚਾਰੈ ਹਉਮੈ ਸਬਦਿ ਜਲਾਏ ॥
(ਰਾਮਕਲੀ ਮਹਲਾ 1, ਪੰਨਾ.946:3) (ਸ਼ਘਘਸ਼ ੍ਰੳਮਕੳਲi ੰ 1: 946:3)
ਹਉ ਹਉ ਮੈ ਮੈ ਵਿਚਹੁ ਖੋਵੈ ॥ਦੂਜਾ ਮੇਟੈ ਏਕੋ ਹੋਵੈ ॥(ਰਾਮਕਲੀ ਮਹਲਾ 1, ਪੰਨਾ.943:5) (ਸ਼ਘਘਸ਼ ੍ਰੳਮਕੳਲi, ੰ1:943:5)
ਬਿਨੁ ਸਬਦੈ ਰਸੁ ਨ ਆਵੈ ਅਉਧੂ ਹਉਮੈ ਪਿਆਸ ਨ ਜਾਈ ॥
(ਰਾਮਕਲੀ ਮਹਲਾ 1, ਪੰਨਾ.945 :1) (ਸ਼ਘਘਸ਼ ੍ਰੳਮਕੳਲi ੰ.1:943:5)
ਗੁਰ ਕਾ ਸਬਦੁ ਮiਨ ਵiਸਆ ਹਉਮੈ iਵਚਹੁ ਖੋਇ ॥(ਮ 1, ਪੰਨਾ 61:5) (ਸ਼ਘਘਸ਼, ੰ.1: ਪ.61:5)
ਭਹੳi ਖੳਹਨ ਸ਼ਨਿਗਹ ਂੳਬਹੳ: ਘੁਰਮੳਟ ੰੳਰਟੳਨਦ, ਫੳਰਟ ੀ, ਸ਼ਘਫਛ ਅਮਰਟਿਸੳਰ, ੌਚਟ., 1983, ਪ.131.
ਓਣਟਰੳਚਟਸ ਡਰੋਮ "ਠਹੲ ਫੳਟਹ ੋਡ ਸ਼ੁਦਦੲਨ ਅਟਟੳਨਿਮੲਨਟ" ਬੇ ੍ਹੁi ੍ਹੳi : ੳ ਸਚਰਪਿਟੁਰੲ ੋਡ ੰੳਹੳੇੳਨੳ
ਭੁਦਦਹਸਿਮ ਟਰੳਨਸਲੳਟੲਦ ਬੇ ਝੋਹਨ ਭਲੋਡੲਲਦ: ੰੲਟਹੋਦ ੋਡ ਓਨਲਗਿਹਟੲਨਮੲਨਟ ਬੇ ਸੁਦਦੲਨ ੳਪਪਰੲਹੲਨਸiੋਨ.
ਭੳਸੳਨਟ ੰ1
ਆਖਣੁ ਵੇਖਣੁ ਬੋਲਣਾ ਸਬਦੇ ਰਹਿਆ ਸਮਾਇ ॥ (ਮਃ 3, ਪੰਨਾ 35:9) (ਸ਼ਘਘਸ਼, ੰ3, ਪ. 35:9)
ਭਹੳi ਖੳਹਨ ਸ਼ਨਿਗਹ ਂੳਬਹੳ, ੰੳਹੳਨ ਖੋਸਹ, ਪ.419, 421)



Yogi Harbhajan Singh: Eternal Glory of Sri Guru Granth Sahib: Simriti Granth; Aduti Gurmat Sangeet Sammelan 2001: Jawadi Taksal, Jawadi, Ludhiana

References

[1] jq pwhwrw DIrj suinAwru[[ Ahrix miq vydu hiQAwru[[
Bau Klw Agin qp qwau[[ BWfw Bwau AMimRq iqqu Fwlu[[
GVIAY sbdu scI tkswl[[(jpujI mhlw 1, pMnw.8) (Japuji M 1: 8)
[2] qyrw kvxu ਗੁਰੂijs kw qU ਚੇਲਾ ॥ ((rwmklI mhlw 1, pMnw, 943:11)
[3] ਸਬਦੁ ਗੁਰੂ ਸੁਰਤਿ ਸੁਰਤਿ ਧੁਨਿ ਚੇਲਾ ॥ ((rwmklI mhlw 1, pMnw, 943:11)
[4] Mahan Kosh, National Book Shop, New Delhi, 1985 edn, p.46
[5] SGGS, Siddh Gost M 1, p.943-945.
[6] ਹਉਮੈ ਵਿਚਿ ਜਗੁ ਉਪਜੈ ਪੁਰਖਾ ਨਾਮਿ ਵਿਸਰਿਐ ਦੁਖੁ ਪਾਈ ॥
ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਹੋਵੈ ਸੁ ਗਿਆਨੁ ਤਤੁ ਬੀਚਾਰੈ ਹਉਮੈ ਸਬਦਿ ਜਲਾਏ
(rwmklI mhlw 1, pMnw.946:3) (SGGS Ramkali M 1: 946:3)
[7] ਹਉ ਹਉ ਮੈ ਮੈ ਵਿਚਹੁ ਖੋਵੈ ਦੂਜਾ ਮੇਟੈ ਏਕੋ ਹੋਵੈ ॥(rwmklI mhlw 1, pMnw.943:5) (SGGS Ramkali, M1:943:5)
[8] ਬਿਨੁ ਸਬਦੈ ਰਸੁ ਆਵੈ ਅਉਧੂ ਹਉਮੈ ਪਿਆਸ ਜਾਈ
(rwmklI mhlw 1, pMnw.945 :1) (SGGS Ramkali M.1:943:5)
[9] ਗuਰ ਕਾ ਸਬਦੁ ਮiਨ ਵiਸਆ ਹਉਮੈ iਵਚਹੁ ਖoਇ ॥(m 1, ਪMਨਾ 61:5) (SGGS, M.1: p.61:5)
[10] Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha: Gurmat Martand, Part I, SGPC Amritsar, Oct., 1983, p.131.
[11] Extracts from "The Path of Sudden Attainment" by Hui Hai : a scripture of Mahayana
Buddhism translated by John Blofeld: Method of Enlightenment by sudden apprehension.
[12] Basant M1
[13] ਆਖਣੁ ਵੇਖਣੁ ਬੋਲਣਾ ਸਬਦy ਰਹਿਆ ਸਮਾਇ ॥ (ਮਃ 3, ਪੰਨਾ 35:9) (SGGS, M3, p. 35:9)
[14] Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha, Mahan Kosh, p.419, 421)
[15] bwxI gurU gurU hY bwxI ivic bwxI AMimRq swry[[(pMnw, 982) (SGGS, p.982)
[16] ਸਬਦਿ ਗੁਰੂ ਭਵਸਾਗਰੁ ਤਰੀਐ ਇਤ ਉਤ ਏਕੋ ਜਾਣੈ ॥ (SGGS
[17] sbdu gur pIrw gihr gMBIrw ibnu sbdY jgu baurwnM[[(pMnw, 635) (SGGS, p.635)
[18] Harbans Singh (ed), 1992, Encyclopedia of Sikhism, , p.276
[19] Bhatt Wahi Talaunda, Pargna Jeend. As mentioned in ‘Guru Kian Sakhian’ (ed. Piara Singh Padam and
Giani Garja Singh Publishers Kalam Mandir, Patiala:1986, p.14)
[20] AwigAw BeI Akwl kI qBI clwieau pMQ[[
sB isKn ko hukum hY guru mwinau gRMQ[[
guru gRMQ jI mwinau pRgt gurW kI dyh[[
jo pRB ko imlbo chY Koj sbd my lyh[[
[21] Yogi Harbhajan Singh: Eternal Glory of Sri Guru Granth Sahib: Simriti Granth; Aduti Gurmat Sangeet Sammelan 2001: Jawadi Taksal, Jawadi, Ludhiana
 

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Dalvinder Singh Grewal

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Guru Granth: As Written Record of Sabd Revealed by God

Dr. Dalvinder Singh Grewal

The one who enlightens is called Guru — Granth in Punjabi for "scripture"; Sahib in Hindi meaning "master," from Arabic, meaning "companion," "friend," "owner," or "master." Sri Guru Granth Sahib is the perpetual Guru of the Sikhs. It has 1430 pages and contains the actual words revealed by God to the 6 Sikh Gurus; and Hindu and Sufi Muslim Saints and Bhagats. It remains a written record in original unaltered form till date. Hence Guru Granth Sahib remains the only supreme scripture of any religion in the world which is actually written and compiled by the creators of the Sabd as revealed to them by God.

Sabd may be in written or unwritten form e.g., sound. Various Holy books of the religions world around are in written form. These have not been written by the original writers of the Sabd, but are composed later on with the material they obtained or heard from others. Sri Guru Granth Sahib is the Supreme Sikh scripture of the Sikhs written by the Gurus and saints themselves and recorded either by themselves or in their presence. Hence it is the direct evidence of direct revelation.

Thus Sabd-Bani in Guru Granth Sahib is the written version of what was revealed to the Gurus and the Saints. They sang and wrote what the God revealed to them. Hence Bani in Guru Granth Sahib can be stated as that of the God Himself. Guru Nanak said, “I do not know how to speak. WhateverI have said I said on His orders.” (p. 763:6)
ਹਉ ਆਪਹੁ ਬੋਲਿ ਨ ਜਾਣਦਾ, ਮੈ ਕਹਿਆ ਸਭ ਹੁਕਮਾਉ ਜੀਉ ।। (ਰਾਗ ਸੂਹੀ ਮ:1:763:6)​

He further stated that he narrated the way the God made him to do.
ਦਾਸਨਿ ਦਾਸ ਕਹੈ ਜਨੁ ਨਾਨਕੁ ਜੇਹਾ ਤੂ ਕਰਾਇਹਿ ਤੇਹਾ ਹਉ ਕਰੀ ਵਖਿਆਨ।।।।(ਸੂਹੀ ਮਹਲਾ 1)​
and that; whatever the God revealed to him, the same knowledge is further transferred in the form of bani. (SGGS, M.1:722)
ਜੈਸੀ ਮੈ ਆਵੈ ਖਸਮ ਕੀ ਬਾਣੀ ਤੈਸੜਾ ਕਰੀ ਗਿਆਨੁ ਵੇ ਲਾਲੋ।।{ਰਾਗ ਤਿਲੰਗ ਮ 1:722)​
The sabd appeared from the God and removed all doubts and worries.

He also said, “I am a bard without work, who God has put to work. I sing day and night whatever God revealed. ….Bard is expanding his activity through singing sabd. Nanak got the True God through God’s praise.”
ਹਉ ਢਾਢੀ ਵੇਕਾਰ ਕਾਰੇ ਲਾਇਆ…..ਪੂਰਾ ਪਾਇਆ।। (ਮਾਝ ਵਾਰ ਮਹਲਾ 1, ਪੰਨਾ 150:16)​

Janamsakhis mention that Guru Nanak received the Sabd or Sabd was revealed.[1]
“ਨਾਨਕ ਨੂੰ ਸਬਦ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਹੋਇਆ “ “ਸਬਦ ਪਰਗਟ ਹੋਇਆ”​

The Gurus accept that they cannot describe Him of their own; what ever they said was on the orders (hukum) of the God. Even the saints wrote what was revealed to them and have spoken what they saw or experienced. (SGGS, p.894)
ਸੰਤਨ ਕੀ ਸੁਣਿ ਸਾਚੀ ਸਾਖੀ ।। ਸੋ ਬੋਲਹਿ ਜੋ ਪੇਖਹਿ ਸਾਖੀ।। (ਪੰਨਾ 894:8)​

They all have described what was revealed to them by the True Lord. (SGGS, p. 638)
ਧੁਰ ਕੀ ਬਾਣੀ ਆਈ ।।(ਪੰਨਾ 628:2)​

Thus the Gurus and saints stated whatever they saw of the invisible, unapproachable, indescribable, formless God. (SGGS, p. 87)
ਅਦਿਸਟੁ ਅਗੋਚਰੁ ਅਲਖੁ ਨਿਰੰਜਨੁ ਸੋ ਦੇਖਿਆ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਆਖੀ।। (ਪੰਨਾ 87:19)​

Hence, all the Sikhs of the Gurus are directed to consider the Sabd Guru, Guru Granth Sahib, as Truth and Truth alone, as these are the recorded facts of the revelations made by the True Lord. (SGGS, p. 308)

ਸਤਿਗੁਰ ਕੀ ਬਾਣੀ ਸਤਿ ਸਤਿ ਕਰਿ ਜਾਣਹੁ ਗੁਰਸਿਖਹੁ, ਹਰਿ ਕਰਤਾ ਆਪੁ ਮੂਹਹੁ ਕਢਾਏ।। (ਗਉੜੀ 308)

The bani being directly revealed by the God, the Sikhs are appealed to accept all that is recorded in Gurbani as gospel truth.

Guru Granth Sahib is thus the compilation of true words of God Himself without any adulteration. This Holy Book is thus the home of the transcendent Lord, the God. This is the only Guru that was installed by Guru Gobind Singh as the ever-living Sabd Guru of Sikhs.

The event at Nanded, about breathing the last and merging into the eternal light by Guru Gobind Singh and before this, installing Guru Granth Sahib as the ever-living Sabd Guru, is recorded by Bhatts, the recorders of events at Guru’s durbar. The event is also recorded by one of the 52 poets at Gur durbar ‘Poet Sainapat’ and in court records as available in Akhbar-e-durbar-e Mulla.

“Guru Gobind Singh the Tenth Mahal, son of Guru Tegh Bahadur, at Nanded at the banks of Godavari in the Dakhan Desh, on Wednesday Sudi Chauth in Sukl Paksh of Kartik month of the year seventeen hundred sixty five, asked Bhai Daya Singh to bring Sri Granth Sahib. Bhai Daya Singh brought Sri Guru Granth. Guru Gobind Singh bowed his head before the Granth after placing five paisa and a coconut. He then addressed the assembled congregation, “It is my order. In place of me, accept Guru Granth as your Guru. Whosoever Sikh will accept so, will find his efforts fruitful and the Guru will care for him. Please accept this as the truth.”[ii]

Thus Guru Gobind Singh passed Guruship to Gruru Granth Sahib as Sabd Guru: the sabd; the Guru who cannot be differentiated from God. Those who call themselves Guru but cite from the revealed Sabd Guru to put across their view point, cannot be accepted equivalent to God, hence cannot be considered Gurus or Satgurus. They are mere mortals: they are the bhekhis. As there is or will never be any other Guru of Sikhs other than Sabd Guru; Sikhs must shun themselves from going or approaching the mortals and bhekhis.
This is not just for reciting but for action. It is important to realize and act. We must be aware of the fact that Gurbani is a light of Gurus in this world. (SGGS: Sri Raag M.3:67:10).

ਗੁਰਬਾਣੀ ਇਸ ਜਗ ਮਹਿ ਚਾਨਣੁ।। (ਸਿਰੀ ਰਾਗ ਮ.3: 67:10)

It is the same light; the same jot which started with Guru Nanak and passed on to Guru Granth Sahib through Guru Gobind Singh. It is the same jot which cured Vasu Bhardwaj from cancer. It is the same jot which the daughter of Shri Vasu Bhardwaj photographed live emerging from Sri Guru Granth Sahib at Sri Harmandir Sahib.

Bani is Guru and Guru is Bani; all nectars are contained in Gurbani. Whatever Gurbani says the follower must accept that Sabd Guru is the one which emancipates visibly (SGGS:Nat M.4:982:10)

ਬਾਣੀ ਗੁਰੁ ਗੁਰੁ ਹੈ ਬਾਣੀ ਵਿਚ ਬਾਣੀ ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ ਸਾਰੇ।।ਗੁਰਬਾਣੀ ਕਹੇ ਸੇਵਕ ਜਨ ਮਾਨੈ ਪਰਤਖ ਗੁਰੁ ਨਿਸਤਾਰੇ।।(ਨਟ ਮ.4: 982:10)

All Sikhs pray regularly that they all have the orders to accept Guru Granth Sahib as their Guru.
ਸਭ ਸਿਖਨ ਕੋ ਹੁਕਮ ਹੈ ਗੁਰੁ ਮਾਨਿਓ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ।।
As Guru Gobind Singh passed on the Guruship to Sabd Guru and no other guru they must follow Guru Granth Sahib and no other Guru.​

[1] Surinder Singh Kohli (Dr.) (ed.), Janam Sakhi Bhai Bala, Punjab University Chandigarh, 1990 (2nd Edn), pp.85, 275), Puratan Janamsakhi, pp.,20, 80, 121,193
[ii] Bhatt Wahi Talaunda, Pargna Jeend. As mentioned in ‘Guru Kian Sakhian’ (ed. Piara Singh Padam and Giani Garja Singh Publisheres Kalam Mandir, Patiala:1986, p.14)




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